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<document id="509FB3E9396C9C5C2F8F8DF86DC153A6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190952" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70e42274-cb72-4b9b-88df-c287a84a93d1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190952" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461121992555" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boxshall, Geoff A &amp; El-Rashidy, Hoda H." docDate="2009" docId="D22BB2233F72FFA4FF19FE9DFBA5FBB2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02271p026.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2271" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Caligus epinepheli Yamaguti 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="2E12CA5B3F7EFFA9FF8EFFC8FFB0FFE0" masterDocTitle="A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698596135077" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0F27DB1423D8BD30E0A8B8562583AF0D">A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D55355F9F4D21EE0615B035A151A2BCE">Boxshall, Geoff A</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="91F0C89D21B5EBFA109E87AC944EEB07">El-Rashidy, Hoda H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F67389F83A02320A545577B32C0FF9FA">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="13B3989AA7D4B56215DCD13EE27D4FEE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="91AD6045AA5F0E8522C15E25165F795E">2271</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6E9BBACCF920F95109CE6925BD877632">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="81F15B2A4F07B86AAAE19FB8E7E33E57" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190952</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BF95612C51BAF6C4F27558497B0D6365" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B1E79FDB9035719E55537F29B6969A90" type="Zenodo-Dep">190952</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D22BB2233F72FFA4FF19FE9DFBA5FBB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6218154" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119625787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6218154" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D22BB2233F72FFA4FF19FE9DFBA5FBB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D22BB2233F72FFA4FF19FE9DFBA5FBB2" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="129850BE3F72FFA5FF19FE9DFE6CFE34" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF19FE9DFDF2FE8F" blockId="12.[151,578,341,367]" box="[151,578,341,367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="0175B4593F72FFA5FF19FE9DFDF2FE8F" bold="true" box="[151,578,341,367]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF19FE9DFDF2FE8F" authority="Yamaguti, 1936" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,578,341,367]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF19FE9DFDF2FE8F" bold="true" box="[151,578,341,367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF19FE9DFEC8FE8F" bold="true" box="[151,376,341,367]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Caligus epinepheli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F72FFA5FE0EFE9DFDF2FE8F" author="Yamaguti" box="[384,578,341,367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1936) Parasitic copepods from fishes of Japan. Part 2. Caligoida, I, 1 - 22, pls 1 - 12. [Private publication]" type="book chapter" year="1936">Yamaguti, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF19FE52FE6CFE34" blockId="12.[151,661,410,607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Syn:
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF40FE52FDB3FE51" authority="Yamaguti, 1954" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1954" box="[206,515,410,433]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annularis">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF40FE52FEE3FE51" box="[206,339,410,433]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. annularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F72FFA5FED4FE52FDB3FE51" author="Yamaguti" box="[346,515,410,433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1954) Parasitic copepods from fishes of Celebes and Borneo. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 3, 375 - 398." type="journal article" year="1954">Yamaguti, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF48FE75FE6CFE34" authority="Pillai, 1967" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1967" box="[198,476,445,468]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloscyllii">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF48FE75FEEAFE34" box="[198,346,445,468]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. chiloscyllii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F72FFA5FEEFFE75FE6CFE34" author="Pillai" box="[353,476,445,468]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1967) Copepods parasitic on Indian marine fishes. A review. Proceedings of Symposium on Crustacea. Cochin, 5, 1556 - 1680." type="journal article" year="1967">Pillai, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="129850BE3F72FFA5FF48FE28FE0BFE17" box="[198,443,480,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF48FE28FE0BFE17" blockId="12.[151,661,410,607]" box="[198,443,480,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF48FE28FE0BFE17" authority="Pillai, 1963" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1963" box="[198,443,480,503]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF48FE28FE89FE17" box="[198,313,480,503]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. minutus</emphasis>
Pillai, 1963
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="129850BE3F72FFA5FF48FDCAFAE6FBB3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF48FDCAFE47FDF9" blockId="12.[151,661,410,607]" box="[198,503,514,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF48FDCAFE47FDF9" authority="Yamaguti, 1954" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1954" box="[198,503,514,537]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paxillifer">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF48FDCAFEF7FDF9" box="[198,327,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. paxillifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F72FFA5FEC0FDCAFE47FDF9" author="Yamaguti" box="[334,503,514,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1954) Parasitic copepods from fishes of Celebes and Borneo. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 3, 375 - 398." type="journal article" year="1954">Yamaguti, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF48FDEDFD25FDBF" blockId="12.[151,661,410,607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF48FDEDFDA5FDDC" authority="Gnanamuthu, 1947" authorityName="Gnanamuthu" authorityYear="1947" box="[198,533,549,572]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciaenae">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF48FDEDFEF2FDDC" box="[198,322,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. sciaenae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F72FFA5FEC7FDEDFDA5FDDC" author="Gnanamuthu" box="[329,533,549,572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" refString="Gnanamuthu, C. P. (1947) Caligus sciaenae n. sp. parasitic on Sciaena glauca from Madras. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 25, 43 - 49." type="journal article" year="1947">Gnanamuthu, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
nec
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF7CFD80FE0CFDBF" box="[242,444,584,607]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinephali">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF7CFD80FE0CFDBF" box="[242,444,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Caligus epinephali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic]:
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F72FFA5FD8EFD80FD25FDBF" author="Cressey" box="[512,661,584,607]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" refString="Cressey, R. (1991) Parasitic copepods from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, III: Caligus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 497, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1991">Cressey, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF19FD47FAE6FBB3" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF19FD47FE75FD49" bold="true" box="[151,453,655,681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Differential diagnosis:</emphasis>
Female genital complex and abdomen combined about 1.2 times longer than cephalothorax; body length
<quantity id="9D7AAED03F72FFA5FE7AFD7EFD1CFD30" box="[500,684,694,720]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.2">2.20–3.10 mm</quantity>
.
<collectingCountry id="229543A53F72FFA5FD36FD7EFD47FD30" box="[696,759,694,720]" name="Malta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Male</collectingCountry>
body length
<quantity id="9D7AAED03F72FFA5FC12FD7EFC4EFD30" box="[924,1022,694,720]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
. Female genital complex without distinct postero-lateral lobes. Abdomen 2-segmented, first segment about twice as long as second.
<collectingCountry id="229543A53F72FFA5FAD0FD15FA2DFD17" box="[1374,1437,733,759]" name="Malta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Male</collectingCountry>
abdomen 2-segmented; first segment just shorter than second. Post-antennal process sexually dimorphic, larger and more strongly curved in male. Additional process present between post-antennal process and base of antenna in female. Sternal furca with slightly incurved tines. Female maxilliped with smooth medial margin.
<collectingCountry id="229543A53F72FFA5FF77FCB0FE85FC72" box="[249,309,888,914]" name="Malta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Male</collectingCountry>
maxilliped with large pointed process on myxal margin, opposing tip of claw. Exopod of leg 1 with seta at inner distal angle longer than longest spine but shorter than segment; no vestiges of posterior margin setae; first exopodal segment broad, with strongly convex posterior margin. Outer margin of second endopodal segment of leg 2 ornamented with fine denticles. First exopodal segment of leg 4 with long spine reaching almost to tip of short outer margin spine on second segment, ornamented with marginal setule; all 3 distal margin spines on second exopodal segment differing in length, increasing towards terminal spine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="129850BE3F72FFA5FF48FB97FD72FB27" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF48FB97FD72FB27" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF48FB97FE70FB99" bold="true" box="[198,448,1119,1145]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="4C84C8BC3F72FFA5FE42FBA8FD91FB9A" box="[460,545,1120,1146]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
female collected from
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FCCEFBA8FB73FB9A" authority="Bloch, 1793" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[832,1219,1120,1146]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merra">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FCCEFBA8FB94FB99" box="[832,1060,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Epinephelus merra</emphasis>
Bloch, 1793
</taxonomicName>
caught off Green
<collectingCountry id="229543A53F72FFA5FF19FB4EFF52FB40" box="[151,226,1158,1184]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Island</collectingCountry>
, Queensland,
<collectingCountry id="229543A53F72FFA5FE06FB4EFE43FB40" box="[392,499,1158,1184]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
by P.C. Young and identified by Z. Kabata: stored in collections of the Natural History Museum, London Reg. No. 1965.4.7.5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="129850BE3F72FFA5FF48FB1BFCA5FA82" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF48FB1BFC45FB0E" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[198,1013,1235,1262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF48FB1BFED9FB0D" bold="true" box="[198,361,1235,1261]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution:</emphasis>
Indo-West Pacific;
<collectingCountry id="229543A53F72FFA5FDDCFB1CFD28FB0E" box="[594,664,1236,1262]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="229543A53F72FFA5FD2DFB1CFD4CFB0E" box="[675,764,1236,1262]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="229543A53F72FFA5FC86FB1CFCC6FB0E" box="[776,886,1236,1262]" name="Malaysia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="229543A53F72FFA5FC0CFB1CFC41FB0E" box="[898,1009,1236,1262]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF48FB32FA2BFAF4" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[198,1435,1274,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF48FB32FEA6FAF4" bold="true" box="[198,278,1274,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hosts:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FE91FB32FE19FAF4" box="[287,425,1274,1300]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Carangidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FE38FB33FCDCFAF4" authority="Forsskal, 1775" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[438,876,1274,1300]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Scomberoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lysan">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FE38FB33FD11FAF4" box="[438,673,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scomberoides lysan</emphasis>
(Forsskål, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FC2FFB33FB17FAF4" box="[929,1191,1275,1300]" family="Carangidae" genus="Chorinemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moadetta">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FC2FFB33FB17FAF4" box="[929,1191,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chorinemus moadetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FB4CFB33FA2BFAF4" box="[1218,1435,1275,1300]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Scomberoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tala">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FB4CFB33FA2BFAF4" box="[1218,1435,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scomberoides tala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FEAEFAE9FE64FADB" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[288,468,1313,1339]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(Cuvier, 1832);</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF49FA80FCA5FA82" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[199,789,1352,1378]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF49FA80FED0FA82" box="[199,352,1352,1378]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Drepaneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Drepaneidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FEE4FA80FCA0FA82" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[362,784,1352,1378]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Drepaneidae" genus="Drepane" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FEE4FA80FD8EFA81" box="[362,574,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Drepane punctata</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="129850BE3F72FFA5FF49FAA6FB01F95E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF49FAA6FBA3FA68" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[199,1043,1390,1416]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF49FAA6FE3AFA68" box="[199,394,1390,1416]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hapalogenyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hapalogenyidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FE1AFAA7FBBFFA68" authority="Eydoux &amp; Souleyet, 1850" authorityName="Eydoux &amp; Souleyet" authorityYear="1850" box="[404,1039,1390,1416]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Hapalogenyidae" genus="Hapalogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucronatus">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FE1AFAA7FD70FA68" box="[404,704,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hapalogenys mucronatus</emphasis>
(Eydoux &amp; Souleyet, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF49FA5DFCFCFA4F" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[199,844,1429,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Hemiscyllidae:
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FEF1FA5DFCF8FA4F" authority="Gmelin, 1789" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[383,840,1429,1455]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Hemiscylliidae" genus="Chiloscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FEF1FA5DFD38FA4E" box="[383,648,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chiloscyllium indicum</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1789)
</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF49FA74FD4AFA36" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[199,762,1468,1494]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF49FA74FEDBFA36" box="[199,363,1468,1494]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemipteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Nemipteridae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FEF8FA74FD46FA36" authority="Bloch, 1792" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1792" box="[374,758,1468,1494]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemipteridae" genus="Scolopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vosmeri">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FEF8FA74FDF9FA35" box="[374,585,1468,1493]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scolopsis vosmeri</emphasis>
(Bloch, 1792)
</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF49FA2AFA2CFA1C" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[199,1436,1506,1532]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF49FA2AFEFBFA1C" box="[199,331,1506,1532]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sciaenidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FEDBFA2BFD5FFA1C" authority="Cuvier, 1830" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1830" box="[341,751,1506,1532]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Johnius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dussumieri">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FEDBFA2BFD89FA1C" box="[341,569,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Johnius dussumieri</emphasis>
(Cuvier, 1830)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FD75FA2BFBB5FA1C" authority="Day, 1876" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1876" box="[763,1029,1506,1532]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Johnius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucus">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FD75FA2BFCC2FA1C" box="[763,882,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">J. glaucus</emphasis>
(Day, 1876)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FBB9FA2BFB5BFA1C" box="[1079,1259,1507,1532]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Sciaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FBB9FA2BFB5BFA1C" box="[1079,1259,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sciaena glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FA8AFA2BFA2CFA1C" box="[1284,1436,1507,1532]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Pterotolithus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FA8AFA2BFA2CFA1C" box="[1284,1436,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pterotolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF75F9C1FCE4F9C3" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[251,852,1545,1571]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF75F9C1FD95F9C3" authority="Cuvier, 1830" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1830" box="[251,549,1545,1571]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Scomberomorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF75F9C1FEC3F9C2" box="[251,371,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">maculatus</emphasis>
(Cuvier, 1830)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FDD9F9C1FCF2F9C2" box="[599,834,1545,1570]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Otolithes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FDD9F9C1FCF2F9C2" box="[599,834,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Otolithes maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF49F9F8FA2BF9AA" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[199,1435,1584,1610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF49F9F8FEF5F9AA" box="[199,325,1584,1610]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Serranidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FEC3F9F8FCCEF9AA" authority="Thunberg, 1793" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityYear="1793" box="[333,894,1584,1610]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septemfasciatus">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FEC3F9F8FD12F9A9" box="[333,674,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Epinephelus septemfasciatus</emphasis>
(Thunberg, 1793)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FC04F9F8FA2BF9AA" authority="Temminck &amp; Schlegel," authorityName="Temminck &amp; Schlegel," box="[906,1435,1584,1610]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akaara">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FC04F9F8FBC8F9A9" box="[906,1144,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Epinephelus akaara</emphasis>
(Temminck &amp; Schlegel,
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF75F99EFD7CF990" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[251,716,1622,1648]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
1842),
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FEC0F99FFD78F990" authority="Bloch, 1793" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[334,712,1622,1648]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merra">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FEC0F99FFD9DF990" box="[334,557,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Epinephelus merra</emphasis>
Bloch, 1793
</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF49F9B5FC9DF977" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[199,813,1661,1687]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF49F9B5FE82F977" box="[199,306,1661,1687]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sparidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FEB3F9B5FC99F977" authority="Bleeker, 1854" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1854" box="[317,809,1661,1687]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Acanthopagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegelii">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FEB3F9B5FDD7F976" box="[317,615,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Acanthopagrus schlegelii</emphasis>
(Bleeker, 1854)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA5FF49F96CFB01F95E" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" box="[199,1201,1700,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FF49F96CFE13F95D" box="[199,419,1700,1725]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF49F96CFE13F95D" box="[199,419,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Caligus epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exploits a range of fish hosts, as summarised by
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F72FFA5FC6CF96CFB1EF95E" author="Ho" box="[994,1198,1700,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" refString="Ho, J. - s. &amp; Lin, C. L. (2003) Solution to the taxonomic confusion surrounding Caligus epinepheli Yamaguti, a caligid copepod (Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on marine fishes. Zoological Studies, 42, 268 - 283." type="journal article" year="2003">Ho &amp; Lin (2003)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="129850BE3F72FFA4FF48F902FC20FF38" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F72FFA4FF48F902FC20FF38" blockId="12.[151,1437,655,2035]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,1106]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FF48F902FEF2F904" bold="true" box="[198,322,1738,1764]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species is extremely close to
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FD6CF903FCFEF904" box="[738,846,1739,1764]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FD6CF903FCFEF904" box="[738,846,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in female body shape and proportions, especially the relatively short abdomen compared to the genital complex. We maintain it as a separate species on the basis of the difference in shape of the sternal furca, which has strongly incurved tines and a wide gape in
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FA0FF8D0FF54F8B8" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FA0FF8D0FF54F8B8" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but only slightly incurved tines and a narrower gape in
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FC1BF8F7FB88F8B8" box="[917,1080,1855,1880]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FC1BF8F7FB88F8B8" box="[917,1080,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition the female postantennal process is weakly curved in
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FDEFF8ADFCB3F89E" box="[609,771,1893,1918]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FDEFF8ADFCB3F89E" box="[609,771,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but strongly curved in
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FBACF8ADFB22F89E" box="[1058,1170,1893,1918]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FBACF8ADFB22F89E" box="[1058,1170,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There are also slight differences in the relative lengths of the distal spines on the fourth leg. The two subterminal spines are about equal in length and only slightly shorter than the terminal spine in
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FC32F87BFB9AF82C" box="[956,1066,1971,1996]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FC32F87BFB9AF82C" box="[956,1066,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but all 3 distal spines differ in length in
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F72FFA5FE88F811FE13F812" box="[262,419,2009,2034]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F72FFA5FE88F811FE13F812" box="[262,419,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, increasing in length towards the terminal spine. In this decision we are influenced by the known distribution patterns:
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FDA4FF50FD2BFF51" box="[554,667,152,177]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FDA4FF50FD2BFF51" box="[554,667,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only confirmed from the Mediterranean at present while
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FA0EFF50FEA1FF38" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FA0EFF50FEA1FF38" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an Indo-Pacific species unknown from the Atlantic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="129850BE3F73FFA4FF48FF2DFBA5FBB2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F73FFA4FF48FF2DFC66FE93" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1106]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FF48FF2DFE16FF1E" box="[198,422,229,254]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FF48FF2DFE16FF1E" box="[198,422,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Caligus epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a relatively small species with a reported female body length of
<quantity id="9D7AAED03F73FFA4FB52FF2DFACBFF1F" box="[1244,1403,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.04" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.98" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="3.04" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.98">2.98–3.1 mm</quantity>
in
<collectingCountry id="229543A53F73FFA4FF19FEC4FF6BFEC6" box="[151,219,268,294]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FF64FEC4FE16FEC6" author="Yamaguti" box="[234,422,268,294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1936) Parasitic copepods from fishes of Japan. Part 2. Caligoida, I, 1 - 22, pls 1 - 12. [Private publication]" type="book chapter" year="1936">Yamaguti 1936</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FE3DFEC4FDF5FEC6" author="Shiino" box="[435,581,268,294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Shiino, S. M. (1952) Copepods parasitic on Japanese fishes. 1. On the species of Caligus and Lepeophtheirus. Report of the Faculty of Fisheries, Prefectural University of Mie, 1, 79 - 113." type="journal article" year="1952">Shiino 1952</bibRefCitation>
) and
<quantity id="9D7AAED03F73FFA4FD07FEC4FCAFFEC6" box="[649,799,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6642" metricValueMax="5.740399999999999" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="2.23" valueMax="2.26" valueMin="2.2">2.20–2.26 in</quantity>
<collectingCountry id="229543A53F73FFA4FCA6FEC4FCCFFEC6" box="[808,895,268,294]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FC01FEC4FBFFFEC6" author="Ho" box="[911,1103,268,294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Ho, J. - s. &amp; Lin, C. L. (2004) Sea Lice of Taiwan (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae). The Sueichan Press, Keelung, 388 pp." type="book" year="2004">Ho &amp; Lin 2004</bibRefCitation>
). This range is substantially smaller than the
<quantity id="9D7AAED03F73FFA4FED3FEFAFE09FEAC" box="[349,441,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
length given by
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FD0CFEFAFCA8FEAC" author="Pillai" box="[642,792,306,332]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1985) Fauna of India. Parasitic copepods of marine fishes. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 900 pp." type="book" year="1985">Pillai (1985)</bibRefCitation>
for material from Indian waters, and we consider that the specific identity of the material cited by Pillai requires verification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F73FFA4FF48FE48FF51FD16" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1106]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FF48FE48FDF2FE7A" authority="Pillai, 1967" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1967" box="[198,578,384,410]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloscyllii">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FF48FE48FE1DFE79" box="[198,429,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Caligus chiloscyllii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FE39FE48FDF2FE7A" author="Pillai" box="[439,578,384,410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1967) Copepods parasitic on Indian marine fishes. A review. Proceedings of Symposium on Crustacea. Cochin, 5, 1556 - 1680." type="journal article" year="1967">Pillai, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is treated here as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FC5AFE48FBC4FE79" box="[980,1140,384,409]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FC5AFE48FBC4FE79" box="[980,1140,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The adult female has a similar body length (
<quantity id="9D7AAED03F73FFA4FE2EFE6EFDB5FE20" box="[416,517,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
) and the proportional lengths of the cephalothorax, genital complex and abdomen (
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FE98FE05FE2FFE07" author="Pillai" box="[278,415,461,487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1967) Copepods parasitic on Indian marine fishes. A review. Proceedings of Symposium on Crustacea. Cochin, 5, 1556 - 1680." type="journal article" year="1967">Pillai 1967</bibRefCitation>
) are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FD4AFE05FCD7FE06" box="[708,871,461,486]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FD4AFE05FCD7FE06" box="[708,871,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition the shape of the sternal furca, the degree of curvature of the female post-antennal process, the ornamentation on the lateral margin of the second endopodal segment of leg 2, and the relative lengths of the setal elements on the tip of the exopod of leg 1 and the spines on leg 4, are all similar to those described for
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FCA6FD89FB26FDBB" authority="Ho &amp; Lin 2003" authorityName="Ho &amp; Lin" authorityYear="2003" box="[808,1174,577,603]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FCA6FD89FC74FDBA" box="[808,964,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. epinepheli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FC5AFD89FB3DFDBB" author="Ho" box="[980,1165,577,603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Ho, J. - s. &amp; Lin, C. L. (2003) Solution to the taxonomic confusion surrounding Caligus epinepheli Yamaguti, a caligid copepod (Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on marine fishes. Zoological Studies, 42, 268 - 283." type="journal article" year="2003">Ho &amp; Lin 2003</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Although the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FEA3FDA0FE59FD62" author="Yamaguti" box="[301,489,616,642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1954) Parasitic copepods from fishes of Celebes and Borneo. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 3, 375 - 398." type="journal article" year="1954">Yamaguti 1954</bibRefCitation>
) contained minimal detail, we also consider that
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FBB3FDA0FA2CFD62" authority="Yamaguti, 1954" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1954" box="[1085,1436,616,642]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annularis">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FBB3FDA0FB64FD61" box="[1085,1236,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. annularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FB53FDA0FA2CFD62" author="Yamaguti" box="[1245,1436,616,642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1954) Parasitic copepods from fishes of Celebes and Borneo. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 3, 375 - 398." type="journal article" year="1954">Yamaguti, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
does not differ from
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FE07FD47FD96FD48" box="[393,550,655,680]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FE07FD47FD96FD48" box="[393,550,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in any significant characters. The female body length (
<quantity id="9D7AAED03F73FFA4FB23FD46FAFCFD48" box="[1197,1356,654,680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.1">2.1 – 2.4 mm</quantity>
) given by
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FF32FD7DFE32FD2F" author="Yamaguti" box="[188,386,693,719]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1954) Parasitic copepods from fishes of Celebes and Borneo. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 3, 375 - 398." type="journal article" year="1954">Yamaguti (1954)</bibRefCitation>
is in accord with the known size range for
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FCF0FD7DFBABFD2E" box="[894,1051,693,718]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FCF0FD7DFBABFD2E" box="[894,1051,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the sternal furca is the same shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F73FFA4FF48FCCAFDECFC57" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1106]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Unfortunately
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FEFCFCCAFD55FCFC" authority="Gnanamuthu, 1947" authorityName="Gnanamuthu" authorityYear="1947" box="[370,741,770,796]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciaenae">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FEFCFCCAFE4CFCFB" box="[370,508,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. sciaenae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FD8DFCCAFD55FCFC" author="Gnanamuthu" box="[515,741,770,796]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Gnanamuthu, C. P. (1947) Caligus sciaenae n. sp. parasitic on Sciaena glauca from Madras. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 25, 43 - 49." type="journal article" year="1947">Gnanamuthu, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is based only on the male and the description is inaccurate to the extreme that some figures are un-interpretable (
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FC9AFCE1FC46FCA3" author="Gnanamuthu" box="[788,1014,809,835]" pageId="13" pageNumber="25" refString="Gnanamuthu, C. P. (1947) Caligus sciaenae n. sp. parasitic on Sciaena glauca from Madras. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 25, 43 - 49." type="journal article" year="1947">Gnanamuthu 1947</bibRefCitation>
). However, it clearly belongs in the
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FF19FC98FEBCFC89" box="[151,268,848,873]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="productus">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FF19FC98FEBCFC89" box="[151,268,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">productus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group and its small body size (
<quantity id="9D7AAED03F73FFA4FD0CFC98FD52FC8A" box="[642,738,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
), the large, acutely-pointed myxal spine on the maxilliped, and the proportional lengths of the two abdominal somites, provide support for our proposed treatment of this species as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FE37FC55FDE6FC56" box="[441,598,925,950]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FE37FC55FDE6FC56" box="[441,598,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A3D03353F73FFA4FF48FC0CFBA5FBB2" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1106]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FF48FC0CFDE8FC3E" authority="Yamaguti, 1954" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1954" box="[198,600,964,990]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paxillifer">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FF48FC0CFE25FC3D" box="[198,405,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Caligus paxillifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E137EC43F73FFA4FE13FC0CFDE8FC3E" author="Yamaguti" box="[413,600,964,990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1954) Parasitic copepods from fishes of Celebes and Borneo. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 3, 375 - 398." type="journal article" year="1954">Yamaguti, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is tentatively placed in synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FBBEFC0CFB7DFC3D" box="[1072,1229,964,989]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epinepheli">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FBBEFC0CFB7DFC3D" box="[1072,1229,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. epinepheli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since it does not differ in any substantive characters from Yamaguti’s (1936) description. It shares the same body proportions, female body size, shape of sternal furca, even the relative lengths of the three spines on the exopod of leg 4. However, a detailed redescription of
<taxonomicName id="9D8278B63F73FFA4FDC6FBF0FD65FBB1" box="[584,725,1080,1105]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paxillifer">
<emphasis id="68F6DF273F73FFA4FDC6FBF0FD65FBB1" box="[584,725,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. paxillifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is required to confirm this.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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