400 lines
55 KiB
XML
400 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="20067" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bdbd00b-4927-4adb-9609-0cc35e1a7920" ID-PMC="PMC9005471" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1090-161" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" ID-PubMed="35586844" ID-ZooBank="3B13C71EE11B49D2891C050DBD514872" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1090-161" checkinTime="1648647504971" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nethupul, Hasitha, Stoehr, Sabine & Zhang, Haibin" docDate="2022" docId="42A26B36728D57978383B380FCAE07A5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1090: 161-216" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1090" docPubDate="2022-03-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292" docTitle="Asteroschema rubrum Lyman 1879" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE" masterDocTitle="Order Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), new species and new records from the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific seamounts" masterLastPageNumber="216" masterPageNumber="161" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1732748111183" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="E869380DF94F219CC5423E692537C097" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="272C21F074C51755C23A97F77C23FAA3">
|
||
<mods:title id="CBC48BFB40055944A537238C6D51CBA9">Order Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), new species and new records from the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific seamounts</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F524C8CF05A9351D9BEDC082CD201849" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AB793DA482B18E644353B53E9F53D66E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DFF1E787AD5DE14E4581DC3B95339DFA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F057155FB38EAF429F6FD9698B1A908C">Nethupul, Hasitha</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A48C7AC524EA812AB18E72AD1BBB2C0C" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-2719</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="A7FD76EF235554DACE9B114509D298FA">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D58FCA4C826FDC385433855EF3136ABD" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="48B7FC84551D6DF27905602D7987956E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0AAA63F48672E8E2E4B09C40D2AF91CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5ED816F3C156147ED59BD6EF76134564">Stoehr, Sabine</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="26280E5618D439E41159111677214A22" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2586-7239</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="8C9E681E98F1CA601C79C885F0759DB5">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Dept of Zoology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="396E08332664E9903EBB3ECCC8FE969E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8596CC97D9A69A6FA916ED4E058A39C3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D188298A501B1FEBAB0F79C7CBAEB0E0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EE86496B4461DAE24539F9B13527AF35">Zhang, Haibin</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B4AEBB671CF990978EF2F6251513073A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-9851</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="4ADA533106D38E0255AC6D3ADAA09150">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="59D81B629F868D92145700F2CF23C8AA" type="email">hzhang@idsse.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="6098233B29249E35E1B89F2D07A730DE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A3527FD4BFFD8BCE3CC83150845DABEE" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BBD1100C10CC7260AE644D80229765A7">
|
||
<mods:title id="A55071BD9C0E369A0FE776993822DEA9">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3AA11DF8A98E9795E679335DE926EE82">
|
||
<mods:date id="818DD163AD556EDBAB2F286C8BF7499D">2022</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="CAA53CF6059B7D1D08446C06B86C34FB" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="A0E87AA3A764D3220C007DB2F2A696F7">2022-03-30</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C103E8B385D47FD51226A7383B638187" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="D40ADDF03E7FAD8BACEB0F9B3247A7B5">1090</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="75ED1FC7DB31C1D526DE73FBE0B7ED53" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="240C231247F3647B4F404D87B6286516">161</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="0CA9E72E724F8B7D22A126EDB9099EA2">216</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="5C22AA8EE514CB2B89E406EC71A01B2B">
|
||
<mods:url id="9122CEEB1A1F32C2D9E820FC9E8D1CC2">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="954B02C8A9E2EF07F66D702754C0C96E">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D3F62CE4F6BCC5E1FB147B93C712C894" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4D08A5D6F04C3EE61578474893E71676" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1090-161</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AE0E02EF115EF658CBC65F412166C6A6" type="ZooBank">3B13C71EE11B49D2891C050DBD514872</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D00D150CC919290F4350FDCE4344D3C1" type="Pensoft-UUID">1E6F228182BA5078A6144181DB93F0DE</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="42A26B36728D57978383B380FCAE07A5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194310897" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:42A26B36728D57978383B380FCAE07A5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/42A26B36728D57978383B380FCAE07A5" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" scope_class="Ophiuroidea" scope_family="Euryalidae" scope_order="Euryalida" scope_phylum="Echinodermata">
|
||
<subSubSection id="484E379B2AECBA16ABE210BDCD88DAAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="B3AC835561E86B3167A4396FF5512BE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BC5766BC0ECE4DCCB274DCB4486339E" ID-CoL="5W86M" LSID="42A26B36-728D-5797-8383-B380FCAE07A5" authority="Lyman, 1879" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema rubrum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrum">Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17B2F105EBE68ADACAF95BA342A85357" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="539897DF05D8300BBCAB03006CA4AA43" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D2A5EE87EF386EDAF63F201727B924E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figures 10</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="B96E7F28B06EB2628B8D2EB98A9D265F" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal), C outer arm spine (middle), D arm spine (distal), E skin from dorsal arm base (rounded to somewhat cone shaped granular ossicles), F-J vertebrae; F proximal view, G distal view, H lateral view, I dorsal view, J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (C); 500 µm (A, F, G); 300 µm (B, E, H-J); 200 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665887" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2E0B25532A75F6E2EADBB026967AB30" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="39867BA67AD96DA449A7C13A6CAE740D" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09B148E9FE14E4561CBD2B38A01AA6BB" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema rubrum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrum">Asteroschema rubrum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lyman, 1879: 68-69, fig. 17, figs 454-457.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="93AE83AEB70FCB197C8637FA4C5CA426" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="0426E05BD1614EB20B89CFC3D142F6E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B105C8B2600226A3410424D8590B0413" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="437254F4EBA7ED4CB8B38AE91501E9F3" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="China" location="China" specimenCount="3">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8AF7BC46A8A263531C43AFEDC07A165D" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="8A1167225B41D3F33A334E5A21C976F0" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
; South
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D375EDF0F743DD75A98E88CA46A6D927" accessionNumber="OK044293, OL712209, OK044294, OL712210, OK044295, OL712211" collectingDate="2020-03-09" country="China" elevation="958" latitude="13.924" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="115.42284" municipality="Zhongsha Islands" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E21D18639DF039C2FDBDA5B43E4BF8FF" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location id="7311C26F33E7B66A296558CBC7DF7D8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:42A26B36728D57978383B380FCAE07A5:7311C26F33E7B66A296558CBC7DF7D8B" country="China" latitude="13.924" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="115.42284" municipality="Zhongsha Islands" name="Sea">Sea</location>
|
||
, near
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1C5495B020864CA14266AB62A8E1D16D">Zhongsha Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, seamount;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AAAFBE91CBD92FC620E8E461FFB549A0" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="55.44" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.924">13°55.44'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="52EF52E1EE843258B97B1388A211F040" degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="25.37" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="115.42284">115°25.37'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; depth
|
||
<quantity id="AB3977E420D6BF269F725E38AB0B4016" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.58" unit="m" value="958.0">
|
||
<elevation id="91B3A5C5195768D3A41D6E8E4CED77FA" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.58" unit="m" value="958.0">958 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate id="9331AD660F3C91DB15510A471FA65D47" value="2020-03-09">09 Mar. 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
; Collecting event: stn. SC007;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="504E9775D5BFD4655E67F2A7BE493521" originalValue="‘Shenhaiyongshi’">'Shenhaiyongshi'</normalizedToken>
|
||
msv leg; preserved in -80 °C; GenBank:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="B00FAAF5277AC64123B0379CEC187B49" isEnumeration="true">OK044293, OL712209, OK044294, OL712210, OK044295, OL712211</accessionNumber>
|
||
; IDSSE-EEB-SW0071, IDSSE-EEB-SW0072, IDSSE-EEB-SW0073 •
|
||
<specimenCount id="DC0C2514D6C5518E9698B2944FE57AA9" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
; South
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9C1A4D7D9D341F97D72CF0F6848CB61B" collectingDate="2020-03-17" country="China" elevation="922" latitude="14.3655" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="115.39816" municipality="Zhongsha Islands" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C04F65008FB62C69AF4425EAA9601057" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location id="6AC112FA883D47212BF2994710B23DDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:42A26B36728D57978383B380FCAE07A5:6AC112FA883D47212BF2994710B23DDE" country="China" latitude="14.3655" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="115.39816" municipality="Zhongsha Islands" name="Sea">Sea</location>
|
||
, near
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="0CF9C819E0679170E7AEFD8B2C65A027">Zhongsha Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, seamount;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4FCC12E30CEC92D902E20D655288BAF" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="21.93" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="14.3655">14°21.93'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="782EFA687EC1AF85A542A51C74A00C89" degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="23.89" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="115.39816">115°23.89'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; depth
|
||
<quantity id="821651B455028883D868DF2E01E8CDE7" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.22" unit="m" value="922.0">
|
||
<elevation id="D18363235C90AB34EAAE85EA30CC7940" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.22" unit="m" value="922.0">922 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate id="01CD2A38178B62D1B170BDD654F4F5E7" value="2020-03-17">17 Mar. 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
; Collecting event: stn. SC035;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2BE9894358C7468832C49B7B958C9A6E" originalValue="‘Shenhaiyongshi’">'Shenhaiyongshi'</normalizedToken>
|
||
msv leg; preserved in -80 °C; IDSSE-EEB-SW0088
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2D4E92894048DC5CEC19DC68251BDD7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3908FAD133A36FAB9DB933C625D97C5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="701A1BC5D100B6320821AC810D974A7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
IDSSE-EEB-SW0072: disc diameter 12 mm, length of arms from 165-175 mm (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D7ACFF544FC7404288CA586F8E0A2F64" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F0A39450D5F0A80BA8318C52AA6A476" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1A572C4A39D958F9F80FFF6A00910CF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="0183C90F78AEEDED77FA348B26A0B3DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Disc</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Disc flat, slightly raised above arms, swollen in center, and small in relation to total body size of specimen (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="59D3433F55EA4997BD0E9E9042FD528E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Disc covered with smooth, dense, evenly distributed, small rounded or irregular granular ossicles, similar in size (seven or eight granular ossicles in 1 mm; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FB7C68670F5348232DE18261D6CD76D6" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial shields closely together, parallel, raised above distal disc edge, but mostly concealed by skin with granular ossicles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9FC92C860999F179DB52ED0DED61D3C3" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial shields do not meet in center. Genital slits wide and vertical on ventral interradii (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DF99FFFF78EB465EA4B07F894F3E4C79" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Jaw large, long and covered with dense irregular ossicles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A7B5CA9B86F8956CA641B76440232EFF" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spearhead-shaped teeth and granular ossicles that resemble lateral oral papillae at apex of jaw (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="652400422ADECE2FB0954CCDEB756F52" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adoral shields large, connected to first ventral arm segment, and concealed by granular ossicles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2EAFCAF261EFBB83FDED9F09EB0E1279" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral shields not discernible and adoral shield spine naked. Whole oral region swollen nearly to genital slit. Ventral disc covered with dense granular ossicles (seven or eight grains in 1 mm; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F2EB7AA7A4816572013371A704CA8472" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F00685232DB6447AA188F6B94F9343F5" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph id="7C6B092FE643DA1C58406E23B36C472D" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="4349A484D2D88700334DD892B5F70BFC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFD35A9AACF9F842094AC7C33D09A9B3" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema rubrum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B7A94ACC112876B78F854A018167FEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW0072)
|
||
<emphasis id="775FFA44A38407698EC33C58DEFA5E4D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="7F72D693C2D44A808701A0CE014533B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="66E00ADEF5CB450D97106D1802ABB3A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal disc
|
||
<emphasis id="151EF47E9AE31C724EA0AF880EAAD910" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
|
||
skin on the disc
|
||
<emphasis id="92675C2C6D7CF4F20465C07396EB5E53" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
|
||
lateral disc
|
||
<emphasis id="3054CA1E77CEA249546D40410B4D5045" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
|
||
ventral disc
|
||
<emphasis id="4A9E2172E3E84D046976927B1F706278" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal arm (proximal)
|
||
<emphasis id="C92B927EDEA229BF6A6722E3CDC8A7EC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
|
||
lateral arm (middle)
|
||
<emphasis id="CEBCA8A66BC7367C8B7F8AF478895F50" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
|
||
ventral arm (proximal)
|
||
<emphasis id="49EE55CAFED171ABF1015F62810BB4E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
|
||
outer arm spine (proximal)
|
||
<emphasis id="70686275E7FB25ABC74606756E67B76D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">K</emphasis>
|
||
arm spines (middle)
|
||
<emphasis id="8651974A2997B2C4B29A795D446B4100" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">L</emphasis>
|
||
arm spines (distal). Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B682496E15D4B8F8FF453BD1FC313F48" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">as</emphasis>
|
||
adoral shield,
|
||
<emphasis id="2A05B0E92968A21BC897269B27F19AC8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ass</emphasis>
|
||
adoral shield spine,
|
||
<emphasis id="FFCC9531F3DB5415A3F4DAE1ABD3F741" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ars</emphasis>
|
||
arm spine,
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBD695B825242453B1DD5551DECAB07" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">go</emphasis>
|
||
granular ossicle,
|
||
<emphasis id="667BE6BAAE1F2C5FA73D2193CF959622" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">gs</emphasis>
|
||
genital slit,
|
||
<emphasis id="B18891CBE475983D4C789F57BACFF56A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">iars</emphasis>
|
||
inner arm spine,
|
||
<emphasis id="E5A75AC279077B7F6C0AA45A8E74E908" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">j</emphasis>
|
||
jaw,
|
||
<emphasis id="E39BB825597198F7A11F86F6DC492906" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">oars</emphasis>
|
||
outer arm spine,
|
||
<emphasis id="01A82F2E03A8CD35030346EAFC454DCD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">ass</emphasis>
|
||
adoral shield spine,
|
||
<emphasis id="CA783AF4F5E1E4ACB55B1AD890A525D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">rs</emphasis>
|
||
radial shield,
|
||
<emphasis id="7449E8956A9D9D5A4567224FB693CCD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">t</emphasis>
|
||
teeth,
|
||
<emphasis id="1D7B4BCF17D324D1519DDD90D7769C31" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">tp</emphasis>
|
||
tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="9DEE24DAD464BB189F0D554DBF48976E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="86C9AD5E7B4C21CBEE660E121474AB24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E-G, I</emphasis>
|
||
); 500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0FB0BA76C17C35EF3F15BDBFFD663D11" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BC9287DC204426559886FC228E17EF6F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C, H, J, K</emphasis>
|
||
); 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A92A93590DA6A6BB6A29EA20820004E0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="F1AB39F0ADC8E55038E7ADF34DB322D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D, L</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="29B26F3350AD5C4C7269CC8F91AABD88" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="58417FABA9C27E862933E2878E0E4FDA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="20165A0C9A25486662BB134099975ADE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Arms</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Arms at base wide, not arched, dorsally flattened, and slightly swollen in first few free segments (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B1A3FF47A3433CC55B220DC804DC7456" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arms distalwards from middle part narrowing and more cylindrical (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CA81320E3FB54E3E45810F7CE2125325" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal arm base covered with smooth rounded granular ossicles (six or seven grains in 1 mm), middle segments with dense granular ossicles all the way to the arm spine base (seven or eight grains in 1 mm), and distally decreasing in size and separated (seven or eight grains in 1 mm) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E15EDA644E6C76229AD03C1EBBEC5457" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10G-L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral arm base covered with dense granular ossicles similar to the ventral disc (eight or nine grains in 1 mm), distally decreasing in size and separated to naked (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9C43E258A5D921D7D176EA39BA6C2433" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10H-K</figureCitation>
|
||
). First one to two tentacle pores without arm spine (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C95FFE73290E2E9CD5C5C3EDFCBB79ED" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10F</figureCitation>
|
||
). First arm spine appears at second or third arm segment, and second arm spine at ninth or eleventh segment (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="34B1E99544F96313A1DEC573FF4F4001" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer arm spine half as long as inner spine in middle region, thorny pointed tip, distally compound hook (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DF35193090403508E1BF3401BDFC1644" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inner arm spine cylindrical, one to one and a half arm segment in length, initially tapering to a pointed thorny tip, in middle blunt, slightly swollen with thorny surface on more than half its length, distally compound hook with three or four secondary teeth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4E7DD424645E314CA687A0E0E1C1D624" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10I-L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E5C6E3B3AAFB8AA9CA20EDCBB259A4BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BFDCB4AC6B22C32CAE710FCB3ED29B6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC56911172B72A8894FF0872D179B4F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Color</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In live specimen, reddish brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B144A687B10496D0E560055DB4A978B8" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F4086D9963148570B0DE59B6745180AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="ossicle morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD312BF7F54891CD3FA81B6812C7B9E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Ossicle morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DCADFB9B997B47AB7C05C1A95DB432D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Lateral arm plate with two arm spine articular structures, with slightly separate large muscle and nerve openings (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="12546CC3E966A1DE49543A4EA12BB5F1" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal), C outer arm spine (middle), D arm spine (distal), E skin from dorsal arm base (rounded to somewhat cone shaped granular ossicles), F-J vertebrae; F proximal view, G distal view, H lateral view, I dorsal view, J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (C); 500 µm (A, F, G); 300 µm (B, E, H-J); 200 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665887" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A depression on inner side of lateral arm plate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7A051ACA6DD03D6E968216404823044D" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal), C outer arm spine (middle), D arm spine (distal), E skin from dorsal arm base (rounded to somewhat cone shaped granular ossicles), F-J vertebrae; F proximal view, G distal view, H lateral view, I dorsal view, J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (C); 500 µm (A, F, G); 300 µm (B, E, H-J); 200 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665887" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inner arm spine from proximal and middle half of arm cylindrical, slightly swollen, with thorny tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="00C26AAF73C3F76A458D7568F4994157" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal), C outer arm spine (middle), D arm spine (distal), E skin from dorsal arm base (rounded to somewhat cone shaped granular ossicles), F-J vertebrae; F proximal view, G distal view, H lateral view, I dorsal view, J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (C); 500 µm (A, F, G); 300 µm (B, E, H-J); 200 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665887" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distally arm spine turns into compound hook with secondary teeth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="72620730CD1D6AF8EFC64BADD1EE93D5" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal), C outer arm spine (middle), D arm spine (distal), E skin from dorsal arm base (rounded to somewhat cone shaped granular ossicles), F-J vertebrae; F proximal view, G distal view, H lateral view, I dorsal view, J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (C); 500 µm (A, F, G); 300 µm (B, E, H-J); 200 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665887" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arm and disc concealed by granular ossicles, slightly wider than high, round to short stumps with convex tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C1C673BA96552C6A04DC71DCE45A9B76" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal), C outer arm spine (middle), D arm spine (distal), E skin from dorsal arm base (rounded to somewhat cone shaped granular ossicles), F-J vertebrae; F proximal view, G distal view, H lateral view, I dorsal view, J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (C); 500 µm (A, F, G); 300 µm (B, E, H-J); 200 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665887" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vertebrae with streptospondylous articulation, with deep slope between proximal and distal end, dorsally a median longitudinal groove, ventrally with median deep longitudinal groove with lateral ambulacral canals, podial basins moderate in size (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C7AA3CB4DF45AD67C0EFB699E0861DC5" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal), C outer arm spine (middle), D arm spine (distal), E skin from dorsal arm base (rounded to somewhat cone shaped granular ossicles), F-J vertebrae; F proximal view, G distal view, H lateral view, I dorsal view, J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (C); 500 µm (A, F, G); 300 µm (B, E, H-J); 200 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665887" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">11F-J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2BC18C38C0C1793FE4B2852BD42678D3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665887" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph id="3678E0C8213B6D6FFC2BCCA4A691383D" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A38246F75D042EC49D83DD90164793F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A0C56CE834F6FA879FD765D49E11B41" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema rubrum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8156EF4959568BAB3DE7CBE524B5FCC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW0072)
|
||
<emphasis id="033B75BAA2EA9663DA8C139AC8CA9956" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral arm plate (external, internal),
|
||
<emphasis id="90C87E875195B0D972294EFE645225C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
|
||
outer arm spine (middle),
|
||
<emphasis id="318FF8C9B2CB592B08584ABB7C387255" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
|
||
arm spine (distal),
|
||
<emphasis id="04D3E58CB0E44D86E536AC4215B8ABFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">E</emphasis>
|
||
skin from dorsal arm base (rounded to somewhat cone shaped granular ossicles),
|
||
<emphasis id="1DC07C30C01BCCDD03E5DAD67708F7F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F-J</emphasis>
|
||
vertebrae;
|
||
<emphasis id="5030F1E3A207733EE3416EBC21D568EF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">F</emphasis>
|
||
proximal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="C22548532DB068FAC17F3D1F932C25ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">G</emphasis>
|
||
distal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="27E810D739D3757C64AC477DCF89565F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">H</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="AAE3BE860B6715D0105D16B90A30AA41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">I</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="9D9B36FE367EEE1D4F04332CC717C003" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">J</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="4975CEC6B3FDCCACC3B07C57AEFB3D7C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">d</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="5518C39A0ADDFC3B4F401BFAED682C42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">de</emphasis>
|
||
depression,
|
||
<emphasis id="7C9B9406CFE8D2AC7249B1C258D50D17" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">dist</emphasis>
|
||
distal,
|
||
<emphasis id="96DE49166B1D404CFB211DE3D511215F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">lac</emphasis>
|
||
lateral ambulacral canals,
|
||
<emphasis id="2DA9E4160638A357BDF2022358AD9CB5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">mo</emphasis>
|
||
muscle opening,
|
||
<emphasis id="407FA792C4074A654AB3AA52BE1BCC19" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">no</emphasis>
|
||
nerve opening,
|
||
<emphasis id="243CE01BE47DDFDF53638E2A11A9C35F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">pb</emphasis>
|
||
podial basin,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E7268645C56FBCBAFA08085D98CCBC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">prox</emphasis>
|
||
proximal,
|
||
<emphasis id="7155D29AC6ABD81713D92D070DF4A9B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">st</emphasis>
|
||
secondary teeth,
|
||
<emphasis id="26867A766B2B3C5BAAB8EC64E5EFAFAA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">v</emphasis>
|
||
ventral. Scale bars: 800
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5DF49D41E4565C53430EFB42DF0F27F1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="12D4E816C80582231955BD3828D5EDFF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">C</emphasis>
|
||
); 500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0A3C389FCD19CAE944365E83163DF147" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7161E3BF2687F604C2632AF508F5D654" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A, F, G</emphasis>
|
||
); 300
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E05AEF380F162BC243D9FC48C44CA73F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B05C8F470611F5D786818226A7035362" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">B, E, H-J</emphasis>
|
||
); 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7B690BA961CF60FF1FAA82BF87CC011B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="C305D3711CEFE54B7836B869ECCAD5AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92938DDFBE89C0C853336BA05646A0C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="145AC344991959E701687DCB4C728F09" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35D116E81151A81A8698641C0D5794EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">730-958 m depth. Near Brandella, Chile and in the South China Sea.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81642D9C1EB29F34418BB9143D3E8879" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="19286FB26F75ACF8900302DB25031456" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66DED2A2C74155E5890BE81351ED4993" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65BEB776D182E7F433D07AA7149BC1B1" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema rubrum" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD9F05A002768C8AF5C3ED5C393F627" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE8E53C684DBDAF7EA9AA86EBE4888F1" author="Lyman, T" journalOrPublisher="" Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" refId="B42" refString="Lyman, T, 1879. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31068674page/27/mode/1up" year="1879">Lyman (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with type locality in the Southwest Pacific Ocean near South America. This is the first rediscovery after the original description. The specimens from our collection concur well with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D0F94CBB5D7264F9B009971A14795E61" originalValue="Lyman’s">Lyman's</normalizedToken>
|
||
holotype description, the only difference was the starting point of the second arm spines. However, this morphological character is highly variable among individuals. According to the holotype description,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48670F70CB372AC6B441FCA944D92EE2" lsidName="A. rubrum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F046763060B8B51FD170D10E400AAE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs in the clade with granular ossicles only in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79685B05538387AF01F9743543571672" authorityName="Orsted & Lutken in Lutken" authorityYear="1856" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="321BD51F318A9A04F7AFBB02A26EBB52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA757E00C2DE09CA3FB1CBA2D91B9888" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.14.115" author="Okanishi, M" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" pagination="115 - 129" refId="B59" refString="Okanishi, M, Fujita, T, 2009. A New Species of Asteroschema (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteroschematidae) from Southwestern Japan. Species Diversity 14: 115 - 129, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.14.115" title="A New Species of Asteroschema (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteroschematidae) from Southwestern Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.14.115" volume="14" year="2009">Okanishi and Fujita (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5B3806B1487324F2B36B43A5391CEC5" lsidName="A. rubrum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6E02584003C1ADC01E67560F8FD9F266" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the clade with conical and granular ossicles. Although, the SEM images of granular ossicles in the skin appear as granular to somewhat small stumps with convex tip (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="58F4EBA9DDE6FA4049CD97C2E93AAF8E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A, B lateral arm plate (external, internal), C outer arm spine (middle), D arm spine (distal), E skin from dorsal arm base (rounded to somewhat cone shaped granular ossicles), F-J vertebrae; F proximal view, G distal view, H lateral view, I dorsal view, J ventral view. Abbreviations: d dorsal, de depression, dist distal, lac lateral ambulacral canals, mo muscle opening, no nerve opening, pb podial basin, prox proximal, st secondary teeth, v ventral. Scale bars: 800 µm (C); 500 µm (A, F, G); 300 µm (B, E, H-J); 200 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665887" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the description of the holotype is identical with our specimen, and it was described as granular ossicles. The characters of the swollen oral region, smooth granulation on the disc, and innermost spine can be used to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84A4A98301EF7110C12C5FB611232D85" lsidName="A. rubrum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB3BF66E8E7901822B498954D8D00C4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73A08DF8679C5E5E0B787E66C830B930" authorityName="Orsted & Lutken in Lutken" authorityYear="1856" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Asteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asteroschema" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEC07784EF1CF2BE217D1DFF4A6654BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Asteroschema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="46CE174B96C80FCAD43356BF944F7277" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Tabular key to the species of Asteroschema and Ophiocreas. Abbreviations: ASS arm segment, ARS arm spine, GO granular ossicles, RS radial shield, CO conical ossicles, PO plate-like ossicles, TP terminal projection, GS genital slits." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="FB8AE5BBB9BA374FFA6C03C1361A84BF">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal disc of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BDCD25A96F8F4BA223CA8B25477B8B2" lsidName="A. rubrum" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD34649336F2EC5B869A8EF439F85C12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">A. rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems naked in wet condition due to its smooth granulation which can lead to misidentification as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E3B47B53A780FD181813EEA0D04DF4C" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Euryalidae" genus="Ophiocreas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiocreas" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="161" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6160CA1DF6B6CE44B68B482EAD31E60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">Ophiocreas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F817307E49F87B66BD3678A359932472" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Asteroschema rubrum Lyman, 1879 (IDSSE-EEB-SW 0072) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal disc D skin on the disc E lateral disc F ventral disc G dorsal arm (proximal) H lateral arm (middle) I ventral arm (proximal) J outer arm spine (proximal) K arm spines (middle) L arm spines (distal). Abbreviations: as adoral shield, ass adoral shield spine, ars arm spine, go granular ossicle, gs genital slit, iars inner arm spine, j jaw, oars outer arm spine, ass adoral shield spine, rs radial shield, t teeth, tp tentacle pore. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 1 mm (E-G, I); 500 µm (C, H, J, K); 200 µm (D, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1090.76292.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/665886" pageId="0" pageNumber="161">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). This is the first record from the South China Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |