192 lines
22 KiB
XML
192 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.815.27335" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2a9cf674-3e7d-4f74-b4e3-e10af294b53f" ID-PMC="PMC6336762" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-815-1" ID-PubMed="30670925" ID-ZBK="9458FA1D06B74DCD9C53182CD8CE6F7D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-815-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 815" ModsDocTitle="Reclassification of the Sack-bearer Moths (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae)" checkinTime="1547128932053" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Laurent, Ryan A. St & Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2019" docId="391AAA8FDC367CAA52275390B3C42B76" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 815: 1-114" docOrigin="ZooKeys 815" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.815.27335" docTitle="Citralla St Laurent & Kawahara, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="24EE693F-1210-4450-A84B-8E6163C58BC4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="ED67460EFFBFFF9FD70EFF863414FFC2" masterDocTitle="Reclassification of the Sack-bearer Moths (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668166732337" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Reclassification of the Sack-bearer Moths (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Laurent, Ryan A. St</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>815</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>114</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.815.27335</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.815.27335</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-815-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">9458FA1D06B74DCD9C53182CD8CE6F7D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9458FA1D06B74DCD9C53182CD8CE6F7D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154126416" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:24EE693F-1210-4450-A84B-8E6163C58BC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/391AAA8FDC367CAA52275390B3C42B76" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/24EE693F-1210-4450-A84B-8E6163C58BC4" authority="St Laurent & Kawahara" class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Citralla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Citralla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Citralla St Laurent & Kawahara</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="18" pageNumber="19">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 115-117, 118, 119, 120
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Trogoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trogoptera rumina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rumina">Trogoptera rumina</taxonomicName>
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Druce, 1894: 355, by present designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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The name for this new genus is derived from citrus (Latin) referring to the lemon-yellow coloration of the type species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Mimallonoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimallonoidea rumina" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rumina">rumina</taxonomicName>
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, the only recognized species in the genus. The name is feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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This new genus can be recognized by the following combination of characters: bright yellow coloration with gray and pink shading on the tornal region of the forewing and anal angle of the hindwing. The postmedial line of the forewing is faint, crenulate, and incomplete, existing only apically, as a small splotch halfway across the wing, and along the tornal shading. The hindwing displays similar maculation. Ventrally, the antemedial area of the forewing is shaded gray and pink, making
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Citralla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Citralla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Citralla</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Zaphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zaphanta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zaphanta</taxonomicName>
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the only
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<taxonomicName family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
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genera with completely shaded antemedial regions of the ventral surface of the forewings.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Citralla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Citralla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Citralla</taxonomicName>
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, however, lacks the ventral antemedial line present in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Zaphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zaphanta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zaphanta</taxonomicName>
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. The prothoracic tibia has a prominent tuft of pink scales that is seen nowhere else in
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<taxonomicName family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
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. The male genitalia are simple, but unique in the absence of gnathos and transtilla projections, and by the simple triangular uncus and narrow valvae. The phallus is nondescript and largely similar to that of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Lacosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacosoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lacosoma</taxonomicName>
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. The female genitalia are most similar to the related
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Vanenga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vanenga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vanenga</taxonomicName>
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, but display narrower papillae anales, ostium bursae, and ductus bursae. In
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Vanenga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vanenga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vanenga</taxonomicName>
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the confluence of the ostium bursae and ductus bursae is almost as wide as segment VIII, but in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Citralla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Citralla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Citralla</taxonomicName>
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this part of the ductus bursae is only about one quarter the width of VIII, compare Figs 57, 119.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="apomorphies">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apomorphies.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Combination of the following characters: (1) Gnathos reduced to narrow bars below uncus which lack both mesal extensions and subuncus projections typical of related genera (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Lacosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacosoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lacosoma</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Vanenga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vanenga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vanenga</taxonomicName>
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); (2) Simple, smooth, triangular uncus and narrow valvae (relative to sharply triangular or extremely narrow uncus of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Lacosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacosoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lacosoma</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Vanenga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vanenga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vanenga</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Male.Head: Gray-brown, eyes very large, occupying more than two-thirds area of head, bordered posteriorly by dark scales; antenna coloration light tan, antenna bipectinate to tip, distalmost 10-12 pectinations significantly shorter; labial palpus three segmented, but segments difficult to discern due to compact scaling. Thorax: Coloration light yellow with scales along posterior prothoracic margin and junc
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">tion</pageBreakToken>
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with abdomen very faint pink and gray, ventrum pale gray. Legs: Coloration variable, prothoracic leg: femur light purple-gray, tibia yellow with light gray scales before juncture with tarsus, prominent tuft of pink scales present on inner margin of tibia apex, tarsus yellow. Mesothoracic leg: femur and tibia light gray, tarsus yellow with some gray scaling apically. Metathoracic leg: all segments predominantly yellow with some gray scaling at terminus of tibia and apex of tarsus. Tibial spurs elongate, narrow, dorsally covered in scales, ventral surface and tip naked, length roughly half length of first tarsal segment. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 9-14 mm, avg: 11 mm, wingspan: 19-27 mm, n = 16. Triangular, margin nearly straight. Ground color light yellow. Antemedial faint, pink, irregular, antemedial area may be slightly suffused with pink; preapical postmedial line irregular, incomplete, existing only near tornus, apex, and halfway across length of wing as single splotch. Postmedial line outwardly shaded with gray and pink, particularly along tornus where pink suffusion reaches wing margin. Discal mark present as light gray ovoid splotch. Fringe checkered off-white and orange-brown, slightly crenulate. Forewing ventrum: Nearly identical to forewing dorsum, but antemedial line absent and antemedial area completely shaded by pink and gray, discal spot more pronounced. Hindwing dorsum: Coloration, patterning as for forewing dorsum, but discal mark faint or absent, antemedial line absent. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum. Frenulum present as single bristle. Venation: Typical of
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<taxonomicName family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
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. Abdomen: Dorsal coloration as for thorax, but slightly darker. Genitalia: (Fig. 118) n = 3. Vinculum ovoid, ventrally inwardly notched. Uncus simple, triangular, ventrally membranous. Gnathos and transtilla absent, but sclerotized bars extend downward from uncus/tegumen junction. Valvae narrow, triangular, simple; base of valvae extend centrally above vinculum base such that valvae cannot be fully spread. Juxta fused to phallus, encircling it, extending dorsally above phallus as flattened process. Phallus cylindrical, basally truncated. Female.Head: As for male, but antennae smaller overall. Thorax, Legs: As for male. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 11.5-15.0 mm, avg: 13.8, wingspan: 26-30 mm, n = 7. As for male, but slightly broader overall. Forewing ventrum: As for male, but slightly broader overall. Hindwing dorsum: As for male, but slightly broader overall. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum. Frenulum as multiple bristles. Abdomen: As for male, but more robust. Genitalia: (Fig. 119) n = 1. Tergite VIII forms smooth, thickened posteriorly directed arch, mesally with cup-like indentation at dorsal base of papillae anales. VIII weakly sclerotized laterally. Apophyses anteriores thick, truncated distally, roughly half length of apophyses posteriores which are outwardly bent halfway along length. Lamella ante- and postvaginalis poorly preserved, but weakly sclerotized without distinguishing features. Ductus bursae long, narrow, about three times the length of VIII-X, ductus widest at convergence with ostium bursae, but remaining very narrow along remainder of length. Corpus bursae small in length in comparison to elongated ductus bursae and large papillae anales, shape balloon-like. Papillae anales narrow, elongated, ventrally angled such that apical ridges of papillae anales and opening between them situated ventrally in nearly same plane as ostium bursae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Citralla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Citralla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Citralla</taxonomicName>
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is here described for the unique species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rumina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="rumina">C. rumina</taxonomicName>
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comb. n., which is distributed from Guatemala to southeastern Brazil. Further taxonomic investigations into the various populations of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rumina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="rumina">C. rumina</taxonomicName>
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will undoubtedly reveal several cryptic species, as we have observed slight external morphological distinctions in populations in Southeastern Brazil and the Amazon, in comparison with topotypical material from Panama and nearby Costa Rica.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Ongoing molecular phylogenetic work which includes
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Citralla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Citralla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Citralla</taxonomicName>
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consistently places this genus sister to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Vanenga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vanenga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vanenga</taxonomicName>
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, which together form a clade sister to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Lacosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacosoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lacosoma</taxonomicName>
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(St Laurent in prep.). Morphological analyses are less consistent in placement, with our morphological analyses recovering
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Citralla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Citralla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Citralla</taxonomicName>
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sister to (unconstrained ML analysis) or nested within
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Lacosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacosoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lacosoma</taxonomicName>
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(constrained ML and MP analyses). Regardless, tribal placement of the new genus is confidently in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="tribe" tribe="Lacosomini">Lacosomini</taxonomicName>
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. The substantial reduction of the gnathos and juxtal configuration are most similar to those of both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Lacosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacosoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lacosoma</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Vanenga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vanenga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vanenga</taxonomicName>
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than to any other know
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<taxonomicName family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
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genus. But the uncus shape and pink scale tufts on the forelegs are unique to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rumina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="rumina">C. rumina</taxonomicName>
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. The larvae of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rumina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="rumina">C. rumina</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 120) have been reared and photographed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Janzen, DH" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" url="http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu" year="2017">Janzen and Hallwachs (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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, revealing morphology remarkably similar to various species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Lacosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacosoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lacosoma</taxonomicName>
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, two species of which have been reared by the first author (
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<bibRefCitation author="St Laurent, RA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="92 - 108" title="A new genus of Andean Mimallonidae (Mimallonoidea), with the descriptions of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.71i2.a4" volume="71" year="2017 b">St Laurent and Carvalho 2017b</bibRefCitation>
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, St Laurent et al. 2017). In particular, the striated appearance of the head and prothoracic shield, as well as the less rugose anal plate are largely consistent with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Lacosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lacosoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lacosoma</taxonomicName>
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as opposed to the more uniform coloration and generally more robust anal shield of other groups such as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Mimalloninae">Mimalloninae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Cicinninae">Cicinninae</taxonomicName>
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. We therefore, consider these characters as additional information supporting our decision to place
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mimallonidae" genus="Citralla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Citralla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Citralla</taxonomicName>
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within the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Lacosominae">Lacosominae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="tribe" tribe="Lacosomini">Lacosomini</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Janzen, DH" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" url="http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu" year="2017">Janzen and Hallwachs (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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, the host plant of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rumina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="rumina">C. rumina</taxonomicName>
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in Costa Rica is
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eugenia salamensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salamensis">Eugenia salamensis</taxonomicName>
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Donn. Smith (
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<taxonomicName family="Myrtaceae" lsidName="Mimallonoidea" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName family="Myrtaceae" lsidName="Mimallonoidea" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
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is a host plant family that is frequently a larval resource for
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<taxonomicName family="Mimallonidae" lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="family">Mimallonidae</taxonomicName>
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(St Laurent et al. 2018).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |