311 lines
35 KiB
XML
311 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="2F665FD3C2F4F60426CA8AAA63EBC3CF" ID-CLB-Dataset="27326" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="86f58653-808d-45ee-bba8-2706327e1afd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2637236" ID-ZooBank="8519C595-0A62-4710-8D38-B200951D7B19" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1555049792324" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fernando, Daniel, Bown, Rosalind M. K., Tanna, Akshay, Gobiraj, Ramajeyam, Ralicki, Hannah, Jockusch, Elizabeth L., Ebert, David A., Jensen, Kirsten & Caira, Janine N." docDate="2019" docId="362D2832DA2A3E4C0AC1FE7CFDF0F880" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4585.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4585 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gymnura poecilura" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="217" masterDocId="CA14504ADA3A3E5C0A56FF81FF8EFF81" masterDocTitle="New insights into the identities of the elasmobranch fauna of Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="238" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="217" updateTime="1698719808011" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="791DB5011F4C14380C35AD1A3EE6F595">New insights into the identities of the elasmobranch fauna of Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA3E8D8132BD15EE980218A2DF3118A3">Jockusch, Elizabeth L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CC44D2277F35C7A799E07382DFBBB60B">Caira, Janine N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7873E708F8F181961CD71EEEC6A776CA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="362D2832DA2A3E4C0AC1FE7CFDF0F880" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156191953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:362D2832DA2A3E4C0AC1FE7CFDF0F880" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/362D2832DA2A3E4C0AC1FE7CFDF0F880" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
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<subSubSection id="F69ECAAFDA2A3E4C0AC1FE7CFE31FD96" box="[151,447,509,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA2A3E4C0AC1FE7CFE31FD96" blockId="16.[151,447,509,568]" box="[151,447,509,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
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<heading id="E5732E48DA2A3E4C0AC1FE7CFE31FD96" bold="true" box="[151,447,509,535]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0AC1FE7CFE31FD96" bold="true" box="[151,447,509,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C0AC1FE7CFE27FD96" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[151,425,509,535]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0AC1FE7CFE85FD96" bold="true" box="[151,267,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Gymnura</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0B61FE7CFE27FD96" bold="true" box="[311,425,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">poecilura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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2
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F69ECAAFDA2A3E4C0AC1FD9EFDF0F880" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA2A3E4C0AC1FD9EFEE7FDB9" blockId="16.[151,447,509,568]" box="[151,361,543,568]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
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(
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<figureCitation id="26BF85A1DA2A3E4C0AC9FD9EFE8DFDB9" box="[159,259,543,568]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,241,1284]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,228,1289]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Neighbor-Joining trees of p-distances based on 1,044 bp of aligned NADH2 sequence data for individual batoid genera or groups of genera. Taxon names are followed by country, host specimen number (in parentheses), and GenBank number. Outgroup taxa used in each analysis were omitted from the individual trees. Scale bar values indicate substitutions per site. Specimens deposited in the Blue Resources Trust Ichthyology Collection are indicted by stars (see text for details). A. Gymnura (Gymnuridae). B. Rhinoptera (Rhinopteridae). C. Acroteriobatus and Rhinobatos (Rhinobatidae). D. Torpediniformes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637242/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="26BF85A1DA2A3E4C0B58FDA1FEA8FDB9" box="[270,294,544,568]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[171,1415,193,1880]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gymnura cf. poecilura 2 (Gymnuridae) (A–D) and Rhinoptera javanica (Rhinopteridae) (E–H). A. Dorsal surface of female (SL-16). B. Tail of female (SL-16). C. Dorsal surface of immature male (SL-75; BRT-I 0017). D. Tail of immature male (SL-75; BRT-I 0017). E. Dorsal surface of immature male (SL-20). F. Dorsal fin and base of tail (lateral view; SL-20). G. Tooth plates (7) of upper jaw (SL-20). H. Tooth plates (7) of lower jaw (SL-20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637258/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">11</figureCitation>
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A–D)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA2A3E4C0AC1FDE9FB5BFBF9" blockId="16.[151,1437,615,1793]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
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In total, five specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C0B9EFDE9FD30FD01" authority="van Hasselt" authorityName="van Hasselt" authorityYear="1823" box="[456,702,615,640]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0B9EFDE9FDBCFDFE" box="[456,562,616,639]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Gymnura</emphasis>
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van Hasselt
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</taxonomicName>
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were examined. These came from fish markets in Palkanththura (SL-4) and Puttalam (SL-16) in the
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<collectingRegion id="7C4057C6DA2A3E4C087EFD0DFCB6FD24" box="[552,824,652,677]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Western" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">North Western Province</collectingRegion>
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, from Jaffna (SL-50, SL-51) in the
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<collectingRegion id="7C4057C6DA2A3E4C0E93FD0DFA19FD24" box="[1221,1431,652,677]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Northern" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Northern Province</collectingRegion>
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, and from the Mutur landing site (SL-75) in the
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<collectingRegion id="7C4057C6DA2A3E4C08ECFD31FCF0FD49" box="[698,894,687,712]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Eastern" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Eastern Province</collectingRegion>
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. The latter specimen was deposited in the BRT Ichthyology Collection (BRT-I 0017). All five specimens lacked a dorsal fin. However, some morphological variation was seen across the five specimens. A tiny spine was present on the tails of three (SL-16, SL-50, and SL- 75) specimens. The tails of all five specimens were cross-banded, but the number of bands varied from 9–11. In some specimens—mainly small specimens of less than
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<quantity id="797C34C1DA2A3E4C0942FCC1FCD5FCD6" box="[788,859,832,856]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" unit="cm" value="32.0">32 cm</quantity>
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DW—a single black dot was present between the bands (
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<figureCitation id="26BF85A1DA2A3E4C0ABFFCE5FEDEFCFD" box="[233,336,868,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[171,1415,193,1880]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gymnura cf. poecilura 2 (Gymnuridae) (A–D) and Rhinoptera javanica (Rhinopteridae) (E–H). A. Dorsal surface of female (SL-16). B. Tail of female (SL-16). C. Dorsal surface of immature male (SL-75; BRT-I 0017). D. Tail of immature male (SL-75; BRT-I 0017). E. Dorsal surface of immature male (SL-20). F. Dorsal fin and base of tail (lateral view; SL-20). G. Tooth plates (7) of upper jaw (SL-20). H. Tooth plates (7) of lower jaw (SL-20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637258/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
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); in other specimens—mainly larger specimens greater than
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<quantity id="797C34C1DA2A3E4C0E56FCE5FBC8FCFD" box="[1024,1094,868,893]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" unit="cm" value="63.0">63 cm</quantity>
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DW—a dark spot surrounded by four smaller dark spots was present between each band and the dark band had a central white spot (
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<figureCitation id="26BF85A1DA2A3E4C0F7FFC06FA01FC21" box="[1321,1423,903,928]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[171,1415,193,1880]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gymnura cf. poecilura 2 (Gymnuridae) (A–D) and Rhinoptera javanica (Rhinopteridae) (E–H). A. Dorsal surface of female (SL-16). B. Tail of female (SL-16). C. Dorsal surface of immature male (SL-75; BRT-I 0017). D. Tail of immature male (SL-75; BRT-I 0017). E. Dorsal surface of immature male (SL-20). F. Dorsal fin and base of tail (lateral view; SL-20). G. Tooth plates (7) of upper jaw (SL-20). H. Tooth plates (7) of lower jaw (SL-20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637258/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
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). However, the five specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C0848FC2DFD05FC44" box="[542,651,940,965]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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differed from one another in NADH2 sequence by only 0–7 bp. In the tree resulting from the Neighbor-Joining analysis, which included sequence data for seven of the 12 described as well as the three undescribed members of the genus recognized by
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<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA2A3E4C09FAFC75FB2FFB8D" author="Naylor" box="[940,1185,1012,1037]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Naylor" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref19577" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. & Last, P. R. (2012 a) A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 367, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
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Naylor
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0E52FC74FBB1FB8C" box="[1028,1087,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
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(2012a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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(i.e.,
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C0EBEFC74FADCFB8D" authorityName="van Hasselt" authorityYear="1823" box="[1256,1362,1013,1036]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0EBEFC74FADCFB8D" box="[1256,1362,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Gymnura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1,
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C0AC1FB99FE13FBB1" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[151,413,1047,1072]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0AC1FB99FE8FFBAE" box="[151,257,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Gymnura</emphasis>
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||
cf.
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0B64FB96FE13FBB1" box="[306,413,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">poecilura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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1, and
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C0BACFB99FC8EFBB1" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[506,768,1047,1072]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0BACFB99FDEAFBAE" box="[506,612,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Gymnura</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C08C3FB96FC8EFBB1" box="[661,768,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">poecilura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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2), all five specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C0E06FB96FB4FFBB1" box="[1104,1217,1047,1072]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
grouped in a tight cluster with our reference specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C080DFBBCFC81FBD4" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[603,783,1084,1109]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C080DFBBCFDFAFBD5" box="[603,628,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">G.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C08F5FBBDFC81FBD4" box="[675,783,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2 (MM-22;
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A1D704C7DA2A3E4C09F7FBBDFB98FBD4" box="[929,1046,1084,1109]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ518834" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">JQ518834</accessionNumber>
|
||
) from the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C0EA7FBBDFAB7FBD5" box="[1265,1337,1084,1108]" name="Oman" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The Sri Lankan specimens differed from this specimen by 3–5 bp, suggesting they are likely conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA2A3E4C0A91FB04FB13F9A9" blockId="16.[151,1437,615,1793]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
To expand taxon representation to include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C08E5FB04FC93FB1D" authorityName="van Hasselt" authorityYear="1823" box="[691,797,1157,1180]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C08E5FB04FC93FB1D" box="[691,797,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Gymnura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C0930FB05FC2CFB1C" box="[870,930,1156,1181]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, data for a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C0EEBFB04FF66FB41" authority="(Shaw)" authorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0EEBFB04FA12FB1C" box="[1213,1436,1156,1181]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Gymnura poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
(Shaw)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A1D704C7DA2A3E4C0AAEFB26FEF7FB41" box="[248,377,1191,1216]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU821581" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">KU821581</accessionNumber>
|
||
) from its type locality in Visakhapatnam on the eastern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C0E35FB26FB13FB41" box="[1123,1181,1191,1216]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA2A3E4C0E8AFB26FF5DFB65" author="Eschmeyer" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Eschmeyer" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refId="ref18097" refString="Eschmeyer, W. N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (2018) Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp / (Accessed 15 July 2018)." type="url" year="2018">
|
||
Eschmeyer
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0F34FB28FA12FB41" box="[1378,1436,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and a specimen identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C087FFB4CFD58FB64" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[553,726,1228,1253]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C087FFB4CFDCFFB65" box="[553,577,1229,1252]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">G.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C083DFB4DFD58FB64" box="[619,726,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A1D704C7DA2A3E4C08B3FB4DFCEAFB64" box="[741,868,1228,1253]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU821578" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">KU821578</accessionNumber>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C09E6FB4DFB81FB64" box="[944,1039,1228,1253]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Mumbai</collectingCountry>
|
||
on the western coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C0F48FB4DFAD4FB64" box="[1310,1370,1228,1253]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, were obtained from GenBank. These sequences, which are only 677 and 644 bp in length, respectively, were generated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA2A3E4C0AECFA95FE2DFAAD" author="Muktha" box="[186,419,1300,1325]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Muktha" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="1085 - 1096" refId="ref19224" refString="Muktha, M., Akhilesh, K. V., Sandhya, S., Jasmin, F., Jishnudev, M. A. & Kizhakudan, S. J. (2018 [online: 2016]) Re-description of the longtail butterfly ray, Gymnura poecilura (Shaw, 1804) (Gymnuridae: Myliobatiformes) from Bay of Bengal with a neotype designation. Marine Biodiversity, 48, 1085 - 1096." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Muktha
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0B4EFA94FEDFFAAC" box="[280,337,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to help inform a redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C0948FA94FC26FAAC" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[798,936,1300,1325]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0948FA94FC26FAAC" box="[798,936,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">G. poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which a
|
||
<typeStatus id="613F2786DA2A3E4C0E7AFA94FB0BFAAC" box="[1068,1157,1301,1325]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was designated. In total,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA2A3E4C0AC1FAB6FE03FAD1" author="Muktha" box="[151,397,1335,1360]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Muktha" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="1085 - 1096" refId="ref19224" refString="Muktha, M., Akhilesh, K. V., Sandhya, S., Jasmin, F., Jishnudev, M. A. & Kizhakudan, S. J. (2018 [online: 2016]) Re-description of the longtail butterfly ray, Gymnura poecilura (Shaw, 1804) (Gymnuridae: Myliobatiformes) from Bay of Bengal with a neotype designation. Marine Biodiversity, 48, 1085 - 1096." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Muktha
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0AACFAB8FEB9FAD1" box="[250,311,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented NADH2 data for five specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C09EAFAB9FBC4FAD1" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[956,1098,1335,1360]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C09EAFAB9FBC4FAD1" box="[956,1098,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">G. poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Visakhapatnam, which differed from one another by 0–7 bp, but unfortunately they failed to indicate which, if any, of these specimens was the
|
||
<typeStatus id="613F2786DA2A3E4C0A95FA00FE91FA18" box="[195,287,1409,1433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. In the tree resulting from our Neighbor-Joining analysis, the specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C0EDCFA01FA96FA19" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1162,1304,1407,1432]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0EDCFA01FA96FA19" box="[1162,1304,1407,1432]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">G. poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C0F34FAFEFA12FA19" box="[1378,1436,1407,1432]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
grouped well away from the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C08CAFA25FC80FA3C" box="[668,782,1444,1469]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, supporting the identity of the Sri Lankan specimens as a taxon other than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C0B0FFA49FE6AFA61" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[345,484,1479,1504]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0B0FFA49FE6AFA61" box="[345,484,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">G. poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, the specimen identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C09F5FA49FBDDFA61" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[931,1107,1479,1504]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C09F5FA49FC35FA5E" box="[931,955,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">G.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C09BEFA46FBDDFA61" box="[1000,1107,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C0ECDFA46FB5BFA61" box="[1179,1237,1479,1504]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA2A3E4C0F54FA46FF6FF985" author="Muktha" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Muktha" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="1085 - 1096" refId="ref19224" refString="Muktha, M., Akhilesh, K. V., Sandhya, S., Jasmin, F., Jishnudev, M. A. & Kizhakudan, S. J. (2018 [online: 2016]) Re-description of the longtail butterfly ray, Gymnura poecilura (Shaw, 1804) (Gymnuridae: Myliobatiformes) from Bay of Bengal with a neotype designation. Marine Biodiversity, 48, 1085 - 1096." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Muktha
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0F34FA48FA12FA61" box="[1378,1436,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clustered with the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C082AFA6DFD61F984" box="[636,751,1516,1541]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, suggesting that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C09E6FA6CFBECF984" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[944,1122,1516,1541]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C09E6FA6CFC46F985" box="[944,968,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">G.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C09A1FA6DFBECF984" box="[1015,1122,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2 occurs in both countries. The Sri Lankan specimens differed by 3–4 bp across the 644 bp available for this specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA2A3E4C0A91F9B5FDF0F880" blockId="16.[151,1437,615,1793]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
This species is typically referred to in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA2A3E4C08D4F9B5FD7CF9CC" box="[642,754,1588,1613]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C094DF9B4FC29F9CC" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[795,935,1588,1613]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C094DF9B4FC29F9CC" box="[795,935,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">G. poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA2A3E4C09A4F9B4FB17F9CD" author="De Silva" box="[1010,1177,1588,1613]" firstAuthor="De Silva" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="301 - 306" refId="ref17494" refString="De Silva, R. I. (1978) Some skates and rays of Sri Lanka. Loris, 14, 301 - 306." type="journal article" year="1978">De Silva 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA2A3E4C0EF0F9B5FB6FF9CC" author="De Silva" box="[1190,1249,1588,1613]" firstAuthor="De Silva" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="294 - 301" refId="ref17594" refString="De Silva, R. I. (2006) Taxonomy and status of the sharks and rays of Sri Lanka. In: Bambaradeniya, C. N. B. (Ed.), The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Sri Lanka and Government of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp. 294 - 301." type="book chapter" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA2A3E4C0EB9F9B4FF5CF9F1" author="De Bruin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Bruin" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refId="ref17417" refString="De Bruin, G. H. P., Russell, B. C. & Bogusch, A. (1995) FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fisheries Purposes. The Marine Fishery Resources of Sri Lanka. FAO, Rome, Italy, 400 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
De Bruin
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0F34F9B4FA12F9CC" box="[1378,1436,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA2A3E4C0A88F9D9FE23F9F1" author="Moron" box="[222,429,1623,1648]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Moron" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="142 - 157" refId="ref19181" refString="Moron, J., Bertrand, B. & Last, P. (1998) A check-list of sharks and rays of western Sri Lanka. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 142 - 157." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Morón
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0B67F9D8FEE4F9F1" box="[305,362,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, it is more accurately referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C09EDF9D9FBE7F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[955,1129,1623,1648]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C09EDF9D9FC5AF9EE" box="[955,980,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">G.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C09A8F9D6FBE7F9F1" box="[1022,1129,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<quantity id="797C34C1DA2A3E4C0E27F9D9FB12F9F1" box="[1137,1180,1623,1648]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
recognition of the fact that the Sri Lankan form appears to represent this undescribed species. As noted above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA2A3E4C0EC4F9FCFA90F914" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1170,1310,1660,1685]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Gymnura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0EC4F9FCFA90F914" box="[1170,1310,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">G. poecilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to represent a complex of genetically diverse, yet morphologically similar butterfly rays (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA2A3E4C0EF6F91EFA1FF939" author="Naylor" box="[1184,1425,1695,1720]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Naylor" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref19577" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., White, W. T. & Last, P. R. (2012 a) A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 367, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Naylor
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA2A3E4C0EAAF920FAB5F939" box="[1276,1339,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Examination of additional specimens from throughout its current nominal distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA2A3E4C0E34F945FA96F95C" author="Last, P. R. & Naylor, G. J. P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M." box="[1122,1304,1732,1757]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" pagination="345 - 368" refId="ref18604" refString="Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. (2016 a) A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139, 345 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.3.2" type="journal article" year="2016">Last et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is required to fully resolve the taxonomy of this group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |