184 lines
19 KiB
XML
184 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="98A072B2383C37EC38C37028DAAE8FA3">New insights into the identities of the elasmobranch fauna of Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<treatment id="362D2832DA203E460AC1FB6FFCC9F833" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5945467" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156192002" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5945467" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:362D2832DA203E460AC1FB6FFCC9F833" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/362D2832DA203E460AC1FB6FFCC9F833" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<subSubSection id="F69ECAAFDA203E460AC1FB6FFEF1FA89" box="[151,383,1262,1288]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA203E460AC1FB6FFEF1FA89" blockId="26.[151,383,1262,1322]" box="[151,383,1262,1288]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<heading id="E5732E48DA203E460AC1FB6FFEF1FA89" bold="true" box="[151,383,1262,1288]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA203E460AC1FB6FFEF1FA89" bold="true" box="[151,383,1262,1288]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA203E460AC1FB6FFEB1FA89" authorityName="De Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,319,1262,1288]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Echinorhinidae" genus="Echinorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA203E460AC1FB6FFEB1FA89" bold="true" box="[151,319,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Echinorhinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F69ECAAFDA203E460AC1FA90FCC9F833" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA203E460AC1FA90FEE4FAAB" blockId="26.[151,383,1262,1322]" box="[151,362,1297,1322]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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(
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<figureCitation id="26BF85A1DA203E460AC9FA90FE8DFAAB" box="[159,259,1297,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,205,1398]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1406]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Neighbor-Joining trees of p-distances based on 1,044 bp of aligned NADH2 sequence data for individual selachian genera or groups of genera. Taxon names are followed by country, host specimen number (in parentheses), and GenBank number. Outgroup taxa used in each analysis were omitted from the individual trees. Scale bar values indicate substitutions per site. Specimens deposited in the Blue Resources Trust Ichthyology Collection are indicted by stars (see text for details). A. Echinorhinidae. B. Hexanchidae. C. Lamniformes. D. Chiloscyllium (Hemiscylliidae). E. Centrophorus (Centrophoridae). F. Somniosidae/Oxynotidae (Somniosus omitted)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637246/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Figs. 5A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="26BF85A1DA203E460B58FA93FEA6FAAB" box="[270,296,1298,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1806,1828]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,472,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,472,1775]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 17. Echinorhinus sp. 1 (Echinorhinidae) (A–D), Hexanchus griseus (Hexanchidae) (E–H), and Chiloscyllium sp. 1 (Hemiscylliidae) (I–K). A. Lateral view of female (SL-108). B. Ventral view of head of female (SL-108). C. Teeth of upper jaw of female (SL-108). D. Teeth of lower jaw of female (SL-108). E. Lateral view of immature male (SL-106). F. Ventral view of head of female (SL-91). G. Teeth of upper jaw of female (SL-91). H. Teeth of lower jaw of female (SL-91). I. Lateral view of mature male. J. Ventral view of head of mature male (SL-59). K. Dorsal view of head and trunk of mature male (SL-59)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2637270/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">17</figureCitation>
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A–D)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA203E460AC1FAD8FD2BF8EB" blockId="26.[151,1437,1369,1970]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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Three bramble shark specimens (SL-90, SL-108, and SL-109) were examined at the landing site of the deep-sea longline fishery in Mutur in the Eastern Province. The upper and lower jaws of SL-90 have been deposited in the BRT Ichthyology Collection (BRT-I 0022). The morphology of these specimens is consistent with that of
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA203E460AC1FA44FD95FA5F" authority="(Bonnaterre)" authorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[151,539,1477,1502]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Echinorhinidae" genus="Echinorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brucus">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA203E460AC1FA44FE0FFA5F" box="[151,385,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Echinorhinus brucus</emphasis>
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(Bonnaterre)
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</taxonomicName>
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, especially in their possession of large, irregularly scattered thorn-like denticles and characteristic teeth with a single main laterally-directed cusp and one to two cusplets. However, our molecular work calls this identification into question. The specimens formed a tight cluster in the tree resulting from Neighbor-Joining analysis of NADH2 data with the reference specimen (
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<accessionNumber id="A1D704C7DA203E4609B2F9B3FBD5F9CB" box="[996,1115,1586,1610]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ400114" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">JQ400114</accessionNumber>
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) of an undescribed species, referred to by
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<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA203E460B6FF9D4FDA8F9EF" author="Naylor" box="[313,550,1621,1646]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Naylor" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref19469" refString="Naylor, G. J. P., Caira, J. N., Jensen, K., Rosana, K. A. M., Straube, N. & Lakner, C. (2012 b) Elasmobranch phylogeny: A mitochondrial estimate based on 595 species. In: Carrier, J. C., Musick, J. A. & Heithaus, M. R. (Eds.), The Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 31 - 56." type="book chapter" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">Naylor et al. (2012b)</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA203E46081BF9D4FD6AF9EF" authorityName="De Blainville" authorityYear="1816" box="[589,740,1621,1646]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Echinorhinidae" genus="Echinorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA203E46081BF9D4FD6AF9EF" box="[589,740,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Echinorhinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 1, from the Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA203E4609A5F9D7FBB5F9EF" box="[1011,1083,1622,1646]" name="Oman" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Oman</collectingCountry>
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. These four specimens differed from one another by 0–2 bp. In contrast, the specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA203E460910F9F8FC3AF913" box="[838,948,1657,1682]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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differed from our reference specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA203E460FD2F9FBFF6DF937" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1788" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Echinorhinidae" genus="Echinorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brucus">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA203E460FD2F9FBFF6DF937" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">E. brucus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<accessionNumber id="A1D704C7DA203E460AA3F91CFEE2F937" box="[245,364,1693,1718]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ519170" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">JQ519170</accessionNumber>
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) from the Gulf of Mexico by 52–53 bp. What is even more interesting is that, despite their possession of conspicuous, large, thorn-like denticles as seen in
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA203E460930F943FC5FF95B" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[870,977,1729,1754]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Echinorhinidae" genus="Echinorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brucus">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA203E460930F943FC5FF95B" box="[870,977,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">E. brucus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA203E460E94F940FABEF95B" box="[1218,1328,1729,1754]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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clustered more closely with the reference specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA203E4608CFF964FB97F97F" authority="Pietschmann" authorityName="Pietschmann" authorityYear="1928" box="[665,1049,1765,1790]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Echinorhinidae" genus="Echinorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cookei">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA203E4608CFF964FC0FF97F" box="[665,897,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Echinorhinus cookei</emphasis>
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Pietschmann
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<accessionNumber id="A1D704C7DA203E460E7FF964FB10F97F" box="[1065,1182,1765,1790]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ519016" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">JQ519016</accessionNumber>
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)—a species known to lack enlarged thorns—but differed from this specimen by 48–50 bp. Although more detailed morphological work remains to be done, our results suggest that the bramble shark in
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA203E46092DF8ACFC64F8C7" box="[891,1002,1837,1862]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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may represent an undescribed species that also appears to occur in the Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA203E46080FF8D3FD2FF8EB" box="[601,673,1874,1898]" name="Oman" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Oman</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE3B9924DA203E460A91F8F7FCC9F833" blockId="26.[151,1437,1369,1970]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
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It seems likely this is the taxon currently referred to as
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<taxonomicName id="7984E2A7DA203E46097CF8F7FC1AF80F" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[810,916,1909,1934]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Echinorhinidae" genus="Echinorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brucus">
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<emphasis id="8CF04536DA203E46097CF8F7FC1AF80F" box="[810,916,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">E. brucus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="C693D9B4DA203E4609E1F8F4FBAAF80F" box="[951,1060,1909,1934]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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(e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA203E460E3CF8F7FA84F80F" author="De Silva" box="[1130,1290,1909,1934]" firstAuthor="De Silva" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="56 - 66" refId="ref17520" refString="De Silva, R. I. (1984 - 1985) The sharks of Sri Lanka. A key to the different species and a preliminary checklist. Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 17 - 18, 56 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1984">
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De Silva
|
||
<date id="CA3ABFE4DA203E460E87F8F4FA84F80F" box="[1233,1290,1909,1934]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" value="1984" valueMax="1985">1984</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1985, 2006, 2015;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA203E460A8BF81BFE48F833" author="De Bruin" box="[221,454,1945,1970]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Bruin" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" refId="ref17417" refString="De Bruin, G. H. P., Russell, B. C. & Bogusch, A. (1995) FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fisheries Purposes. The Marine Fishery Resources of Sri Lanka. FAO, Rome, Italy, 400 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
De Bruin
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA203E460B1AF81BFE0AF833" box="[332,388,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA203E460B84F81BFD11F833" author="Moron" box="[466,671,1945,1970]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Moron" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="142 - 157" refId="ref19181" refString="Moron, J., Bertrand, B. & Last, P. (1998) A check-list of sharks and rays of western Sri Lanka. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 142 - 157." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Morón
|
||
<emphasis id="8CF04536DA203E460873F81BFDD3F833" box="[549,605,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA15E4D5DA203E4608FDF818FCB5F833" author="Joseph" box="[683,827,1945,1970]" firstAuthor="Joseph" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="339 - 366" refId="ref18550" refString="Joseph, L. (1999) Management of shark fisheries in Sri Lanka. In: Shotton, R. (Ed.), Case Studies of the Management of Elasmobranch Fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 3780, Rome, Italy, pp. 339 - 366." type="book chapter" year="1999">Joseph 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |