204 lines
18 KiB
XML
204 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3917.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39ff92ed-ddb8-4ec4-af8a-19e3288fdbd1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287785" ID-ZooBank="D8CB263D-645B-46CE-B797-461B6A86A98A" checkinTime="1460978373835" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Łukowiak, Magdalena" docDate="2015" docId="2125D91F1B3C29667ED9C1C7F57CFD91" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03917p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3917 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@3c794a36" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Bubaridae Topsent 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="DD1CA1671B20297B7E4EC039F41BFF89" masterDocTitle="Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1645026518126" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Łukowiak, Magdalena</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3917</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3917.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">39ff92ed-ddb8-4ec4-af8a-19e3288fdbd1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">287785</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D8CB263D-645B-46CE-B797-461B6A86A98A</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6108577" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671492" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6108577" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2125D91F1B3C29667ED9C1C7F57CFD91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2125D91F1B3C29667ED9C1C7F57CFD91" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[151,557,510,536]" box="[151,557,510,536]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,557,510,536]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,557,510,536]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Family
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<taxonomicName authority="Topsent, 1894" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1894" box="[246,557,510,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Bubaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
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Bubaridae
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<bibRefCitation author="Topsent" box="[385,557,510,536]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Topsent, E. (1894) Une reforme dans la classification des Halichondrina. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 7, 5 - 26." type="journal article" year="1894">
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Topsent,
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<number box="[498,557,510,536]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1894.0">1894</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1436,581,894]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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The tuberculated diactines that characterize family
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<taxonomicName box="[724,839,581,606]" class="Demospongiae" family="Bubaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Bubaridae</taxonomicName>
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were found in my material. These very characteristic spicules may belong to the genus
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<taxonomicName authority="Topsent, 1898" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1898" box="[543,891,617,642]" class="Demospongiae" family="Bubaridae" genus="Monocrepidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[543,721,617,642]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Monocrepidium</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Topsent" box="[730,891,618,642]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Topsent, E. (1898) Eponges nouvelles des Acores. (Premiere serie). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 11, 225 - 255." type="journal article" year="1898">
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Topsent,
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<number box="[835,891,618,642]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1898.0">1898</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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which is characterized by a basal skeleton that includes stout, smooth, tuberculate or annulate diactines (Alvarez & van Soest
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<number box="[1066,1127,654,678]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2002.0">2002</number>
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). Such exact spicules have been found in the studied samples (
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<figureCitation box="[565,656,689,714]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,946,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,946,1884]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Spicules of sponges of the order Halichondrida; A – G, I—Tuberculated diactines of Monocrepidium cf. eruca, family Bubaridae; H, J – L—Diactines of Bubaris sp., family Bubaridae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287800/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Figs.
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<number box="[631,656,689,714]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="15.0">15</number>
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</figureCitation>
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A–F, I). The genus
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<taxonomicName box="[889,1067,689,714]" class="Demospongiae" family="Bubaridae" genus="Monocrepidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[889,1067,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Monocrepidium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been previously referred to various taxonomic groups [e.g., family
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<taxonomicName authority="Lithistida" authorityName="Lithistida" box="[632,936,725,750]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Desmanthidae (Lithistida)</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[955,1086,725,750]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[1108,1275,725,750]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Halichondrida</taxonomicName>
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)] but now is assigned to the family
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<taxonomicName box="[428,547,761,786]" class="Demospongiae" family="Bubaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Bubaridae</taxonomicName>
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. Bubarids are exclusively encrusting sponges with hispid surfaces that are restricted today to rather deep waters and recorded from the East Atlantic, Mediterranean, with only one species—
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<taxonomicName authority="Carter, 1880" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1880" box="[260,680,833,858]" class="Demospongiae" family="Bubaridae" genus="Monocrepidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Eruca">
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<emphasis box="[260,511,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Monocrepidium eruca</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Carter" box="[528,671,834,858]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Carter, H. J. (1880) Report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 6 (31), 35 - 61, 129 - 156. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938009458893" type="journal article" year="1880">
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Carter,
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<number box="[614,671,834,858]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1880.0">1880</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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occurring today in the Indian Ocean (Alvarez & van Soest
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<number box="[1372,1431,834,858]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2002.0">2002</number>
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; van
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<bibRefCitation author="Soest" box="[198,390,869,894]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Soest, R. W. M., van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M. & Cristina Diaz, M. (2013) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury- Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M. & Cristina Diaz, M. World Porifera database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails & id = 171271 (accessed 19 March 2014)" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Soest
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<emphasis box="[266,315,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
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.
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<number box="[329,390,870,894]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2013.0">2013</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The diactines described here most probably belong to this species.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287800/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[151,1436,946,1883]" targetPageId="28">
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<paragraph blockId="28.[151,1435,1906,1959]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,290,1906,1928]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
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Spicules of sponges of the order
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<taxonomicName box="[643,791,1906,1928]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Halichondrida</taxonomicName>
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; A–G, I—Tuberculated diactines of
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<taxonomicName box="[1168,1430,1906,1928]" class="Demospongiae" family="Bubaridae" genus="Monocrepidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Eruca">
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<emphasis box="[1168,1329,1906,1928]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Monocrepidium</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis box="[1372,1430,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">eruca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, family
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<taxonomicName box="[223,331,1937,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Bubaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Bubaridae</taxonomicName>
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; H, J–L—Diactines of
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<taxonomicName box="[564,644,1937,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bubaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[564,644,1937,1959]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Bubaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., family
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<taxonomicName box="[764,871,1937,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Bubaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Bubaridae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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The other similar but less tuberculated spicules that are sometimes only slightly curved (
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<figureCitation box="[1213,1306,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,946,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,946,1884]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Spicules of sponges of the order Halichondrida; A – G, I—Tuberculated diactines of Monocrepidium cf. eruca, family Bubaridae; H, J – L—Diactines of Bubaris sp., family Bubaridae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287800/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Figs.
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<number box="[1278,1306,151,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="15.0">15</number>
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</figureCitation>
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H, J–L) are very similar to those of
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<taxonomicName authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[419,652,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bubaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[419,508,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bubaris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gray" box="[515,652,188,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867 a) Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558." type="journal article" year="1867" yearSuffix="a">
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Gray,
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<number box="[584,640,188,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1867.0">1867</number>
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a
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(compare with Alvarez & van Soest
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<number box="[1070,1129,188,212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2002.0">2002</number>
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, figs.
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<number box="[1197,1207,188,212]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1.0">1</number>
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F, G), although they are also close morphologically to spicules of ancorinid
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<taxonomicName authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[782,998,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[782,852,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Jaspis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gray" box="[860,998,223,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867 a) Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558." type="journal article" year="1867" yearSuffix="a">
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Gray,
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<number box="[930,986,223,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1867.0">1867</number>
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a
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(order
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<taxonomicName box="[1084,1237,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Astrophorida</taxonomicName>
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). Today,
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<taxonomicName box="[1340,1429,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bubaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1340,1429,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bubaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is a rather deep water inhabitant, is recorded from the Arctic, Indian Ocean,
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<collectingCountry box="[1079,1191,260,285]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1201,1268,261,284]" name="Japan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1279,1432,260,285]" name="New Zealand" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[200,320,295,320]" name="Antarctica" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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, so the spicules found in the studied material may belong to one of the species noted in adjacent areas, or may be the relic of other species that inhabited this area in the Late Eocene.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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The tuberculated diactines that may have belonged to the sponges of family
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<taxonomicName box="[1100,1215,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Bubaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Bubaridae</taxonomicName>
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have already been described from the fossil record by Schrammen as
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<taxonomicName box="[746,1049,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scolioraphididae" genus="Scolioraphis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Cerebriformis">
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<emphasis box="[746,1049,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Scolioraphis cerebriformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<number box="[1068,1128,404,428]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1924.0">1924</number>
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, pl.
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||
<number box="[1181,1197,405,428]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="7.0">7</number>
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, figs.
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||
<number box="[1272,1317,404,428]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2.3">2, 3</number>
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) from the Cretaceous of NW
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<collectingCountry box="[369,473,440,464]" name="Germany" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Germany</collectingCountry>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Mostler" box="[529,692,439,464]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Mostler, H. [1986 (1985)] Beitrag zur stratigraphischen Verbreitung und phylogenetischen Stellung der Amphidiscophora und Hexasterophora (Hexactinellida, Porifera). Mitteilungen Der Ostereichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 78, 319 - 359." type="journal article" year="1986">
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||
Mostler (
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<number box="[632,692,439,464]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1986.0">1986</number>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 6.6) described similar spicules from the Rhaetian of the Alps. Spicules belonging to this family were also noted by
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<bibRefCitation author="Lukowiak" box="[772,1032,476,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Lukowiak, M., Pisera, A. & Schlogl, J. (2014) Bathyal sponges from the late Early Miocene of the Vienna Basin (central Paratethys, Slovakia). Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 88 (3), 263 - 277. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12542 - 013 - 0197 - x" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Łukowiak
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<emphasis box="[895,954,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
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(
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<number box="[972,1032,476,500]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2014.0">2014</number>
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
, figs.
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<number box="[1105,1119,476,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="5.0">5</number>
|
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N, O) from the Miocene of central Paratethys.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |