168 lines
15 KiB
XML
168 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3917.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39ff92ed-ddb8-4ec4-af8a-19e3288fdbd1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287785" ID-ZooBank="D8CB263D-645B-46CE-B797-461B6A86A98A" checkinTime="1460978373835" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Łukowiak, Magdalena" docDate="2015" docId="2125D91F1B3A29617ED9C540F78DF87D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03917p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3917 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@3c794a36" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Tethyidae Gray 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="DD1CA1671B20297B7E4EC039F41BFF89" masterDocTitle="Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1645026518126" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Łukowiak, Magdalena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3917</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3917.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">39ff92ed-ddb8-4ec4-af8a-19e3288fdbd1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">287785</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D8CB263D-645B-46CE-B797-461B6A86A98A</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6108571" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6108571" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2125D91F1B3A29617ED9C540F78DF87D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2125D91F1B3A29617ED9C540F78DF87D" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="26.[151,513,1401,1427]" box="[151,513,1401,1427]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,513,1401,1427]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,513,1401,1427]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Family
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<taxonomicName authority="Gray, 1848" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1848" box="[246,513,1401,1427]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
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Tethyidae
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<bibRefCitation author="Gray" box="[376,513,1401,1427]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Gray, J. E. (1848) List of the Specimens of British Sponges in the collection of the British Museum (London). British Museum Publication, London, 24 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12061" type="book" year="1848">
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Gray,
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<number box="[454,513,1401,1427]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1848.0">1848</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1436,1471,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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A single, spherical microsclere with bulb-shaped, tightly arranged projections (
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<figureCitation box="[1044,1124,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,799,821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,777]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1437,193,778]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Spicules of sponges of the order Hadromerida; A – D—Different types of selenasters of Placospongia sp., family Placospongiidae; E—Micraster of the Tethya cf. omanensis, family Tethyidae; F – H—Oxyasters of the Tethyastra oxyaster, family Tethyidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287798/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Fig.
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<number box="[1097,1124,1472,1496]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="13.0">13</number>
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</figureCitation>
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E) was found in the studied sample that closely resembles microscleres of Recent
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<taxonomicName authority="Sara & Bavestrello, 1995" authorityName="Sara & Bavestrello" authorityYear="1995" box="[766,1263,1507,1532]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Omanensis">
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<emphasis box="[766,966,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tethya omanensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Sara" box="[975,1263,1507,1532]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Sara, M. & Bavestrello, G. (1995) Tethya omanensis, a remarkable new species from an Oman cave (Porifera, Demospongiae). Bolletino di Zoologia, 62, 23 - 27. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009509356046" type="journal article" year="1995">
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Sarà & Bavestrello,
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<number box="[1207,1263,1507,1532]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1995.0">1995</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(compare with
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<figureCitation box="[151,255,1543,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1458,1480]" captionTargetBox="[207,1377,936,1434]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[204,1384,932,1437]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Micraster of recent Tethya omanensis (redrawn from van Soest & Beglinger 2008); B—Oxyaster of recent Tethyastra oxyaster (redrawn from Burton 1934)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287799/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Fig.
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<number box="[203,232,1544,1568]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="14.0">14</number>
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A
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</figureCitation>
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). However, micrasters of
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<taxonomicName box="[544,690,1544,1567]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Omanensis">
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<emphasis box="[544,690,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T. omanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are about
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<number box="[810,838,1544,1568]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="10.0">10</number>
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Μm of diameter and the studied Eocene spicule from
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<collectingCountry box="[151,254,1579,1604]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Australia</collectingCountry>
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is much larger, exceeding
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<number box="[568,596,1580,1604]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="80.0">80</number>
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Μm. Nevertheless, its morphology is almost identical with the discussed Recent microscleres. Unfortunately, the other spicule
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<typeStatus box="[777,836,1616,1640]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">types</typeStatus>
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characteristic for this species (megasters and other micrasters) have not been found in the studied samples. One has to mention that today
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<taxonomicName box="[1131,1330,1651,1676]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Omanensis">
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<emphasis box="[1131,1330,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tethya omanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded only from
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<collectingCountry box="[374,443,1688,1712]" name="Oman" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Oman</collectingCountry>
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and the Western Arabian Sea (van
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<bibRefCitation author="Soest" box="[838,1112,1687,1712]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van & Beglinger, E. J. (2008) Tetractinellid and hadromerid sponges from the Sultanate of Oman. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden, 82, 749 - 790." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Soest & Beglinger
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<number box="[1051,1112,1688,1712]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2008.0">2008</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1436,1471,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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There were also numerous oxyasters (
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<figureCitation box="[629,720,1723,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,799,821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,777]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1437,193,778]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Spicules of sponges of the order Hadromerida; A – D—Different types of selenasters of Placospongia sp., family Placospongiidae; E—Micraster of the Tethya cf. omanensis, family Tethyidae; F – H—Oxyasters of the Tethyastra oxyaster, family Tethyidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287798/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Figs.
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<number box="[694,720,1724,1748]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="13.0">13</number>
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</figureCitation>
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F–H) found in the studied material and some of them resemble those of Recent
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<taxonomicName authority="Burton, 1934" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1934" box="[331,703,1759,1784]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethyastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Oxyaster">
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<emphasis box="[331,549,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tethyastra oxyaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Burton" box="[556,703,1760,1784]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Burton, M. (1934) Sponges. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 29, 4 (14), 513 - 621. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 68674" type="journal article" year="1934">
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Burton,
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<number box="[647,703,1760,1784]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1934.0">1934</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(described as
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<taxonomicName box="[863,1134,1759,1784]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethyorrhaphis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tethyida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Oxyaster">
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<emphasis box="[863,1134,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tethyorrhaphis oxyaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; see
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<figureCitation box="[1190,1271,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1458,1480]" captionTargetBox="[207,1377,936,1434]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[204,1384,932,1437]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. A. Micraster of recent Tethya omanensis (redrawn from van Soest & Beglinger 2008); B—Oxyaster of recent Tethyastra oxyaster (redrawn from Burton 1934)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287799/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Fig.
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<number box="[1241,1271,1760,1784]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="14.0">14</number>
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</figureCitation>
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B). In this case the spicules of this Recent species described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Burton" box="[709,871,1796,1820]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Burton, M. (1934) Sponges. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 29, 4 (14), 513 - 621. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 68674" type="journal article" year="1934">
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Burton (
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<number box="[804,863,1796,1820]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1934.0">1934</number>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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may be from
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<number box="[1038,1177,1796,1820]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1100.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="200.0">200 to 2000</number>
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Μm, whereas the ones described here are about
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<number box="[428,470,1832,1856]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="300.0">300</number>
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Μm in size. The assignment of studied oxyasters to this species or its ancestor seems to be justified not only because of the great morphological resemblance, but also by the fact that
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<taxonomicName box="[1217,1339,1868,1892]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethyorrhaphis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tethyida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Oxyaster">
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<emphasis box="[1217,1230,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">T</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1245,1339,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">oxyaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is today noted from all over
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<collectingCountry box="[373,476,1903,1928]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(van
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<bibRefCitation author="Soest" box="[540,731,1903,1928]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Soest, R. W. M., van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M. & Cristina Diaz, M. (2013) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury- Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M. & Cristina Diaz, M. World Porifera database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails & id = 171271 (accessed 19 March 2014)" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Soest
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<emphasis box="[607,655,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
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.
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<number box="[670,731,1904,1928]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2013.0">2013</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1436,1471,2036]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Spicules of morphology similar to those of
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<taxonomicName box="[693,914,1939,1964]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethyastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Oxyaster">
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<emphasis box="[693,914,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tethyastra oxyaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were already described from the fossil record e.g., by Hinde & Holmes from the Late Eocene of
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<collectingCountry box="[761,916,1975,2000]" name="New Zealand" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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(
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<number box="[936,996,1976,2000]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1892.0">1892</number>
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, fig. 14.24) but this is the first fossil occurrence of very characteristic micrasters of
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<taxonomicName box="[676,915,2011,2036]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Omanensis">
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<emphasis box="[676,748,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tethya</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis box="[793,915,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">omanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |