208 lines
22 KiB
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208 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3917.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39ff92ed-ddb8-4ec4-af8a-19e3288fdbd1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287785" ID-ZooBank="D8CB263D-645B-46CE-B797-461B6A86A98A" checkinTime="1460978373835" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Łukowiak, Magdalena" docDate="2015" docId="2125D91F1B3729627ED9C728F151FF5C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03917p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3917 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@3c794a36" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Polymastiidae Gray 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="DD1CA1671B20297B7E4EC039F41BFF89" masterDocTitle="Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1645026518126" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Łukowiak, Magdalena</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3917</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3917.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">39ff92ed-ddb8-4ec4-af8a-19e3288fdbd1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">287785</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6108563" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6108563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2125D91F1B3729627ED9C728F151FF5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2125D91F1B3729627ED9C728F151FF5C" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[151,580,1809,1835]" box="[151,580,1809,1835]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,580,1809,1835]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,580,1809,1835]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Family
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<taxonomicName authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[246,580,1809,1835]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
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Polymastiidae
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<bibRefCitation author="Gray" box="[429,580,1809,1835]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867 a) Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558." type="journal article" year="1867" yearSuffix="a">
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Gray,
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<number box="[507,566,1809,1835]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1867.0">1867</number>
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a
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="23.[151,1437,1879,2012]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Some peculiar, club-shaped spicules have been found in the studied material that may be assigned to the family
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<taxonomicName box="[151,314,1915,1940]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Polymastiidae</taxonomicName>
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. Some of them have well developed pointed ends and strongly sculptured, club-shaped heads (
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<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1437,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Spicules of sponges of the order Hadromerida; A – C—Mucronate tylostyles of Cliona cf. mucronata, family Clionaidae; D – F—Tylostyles of the order Hadromerida; G, H—Tylostyles of Terpios sp., family Suberitidae; I, J, P, R—Anthasters of Diplastrella cf. megastellata, family Spirastrellidae; K – M—Spherostyles of Sphaerotylus sp. 1, family Polymastiidae; L – O—Spherostyles of Sphaerotylus sp. 2, family Polymastiidae; Q—Microsclere spiraster of family Spirastrellidae or Clionaidae; S – Y—Verticillate strongyles of Dotona pulchella Carter, 1880, family Clionaidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287795/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Figs.
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<number box="[151,178,1952,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="10.0">10</number>
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</figureCitation>
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K–M). The others have small, weakly defined pointed ends and smooth, slightly club-shaped heads (
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<figureCitation box="[1317,1409,1951,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1437,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Spicules of sponges of the order Hadromerida; A – C—Mucronate tylostyles of Cliona cf. mucronata, family Clionaidae; D – F—Tylostyles of the order Hadromerida; G, H—Tylostyles of Terpios sp., family Suberitidae; I, J, P, R—Anthasters of Diplastrella cf. megastellata, family Spirastrellidae; K – M—Spherostyles of Sphaerotylus sp. 1, family Polymastiidae; L – O—Spherostyles of Sphaerotylus sp. 2, family Polymastiidae; Q—Microsclere spiraster of family Spirastrellidae or Clionaidae; S – Y—Verticillate strongyles of Dotona pulchella Carter, 1880, family Clionaidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287795/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Figs.
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<number box="[1381,1409,1952,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="10.0">10</number>
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</figureCitation>
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N, O). These club-shaped spicules strongly resemble those of Recent polymastiid
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<taxonomicName authority="Topsent, 1898" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1898" box="[1060,1379,1987,2012]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Sphaerotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1060,1205,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sphaerotylus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Topsent" box="[1215,1379,1988,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Topsent, E. (1898) Eponges nouvelles des Acores. (Premiere serie). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 11, 225 - 255." type="journal article" year="1898">
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Topsent,
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<number box="[1320,1379,1988,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1898.0">1898</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The variability of the studied spicules may be intraspecific, or they may belong to at least two different species. Among seven currently known species of
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<emphasis box="[563,715,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName box="[563,711,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Sphaerotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Sphaerotylus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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the spicules with sculptured heads (
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<figureCitation box="[1159,1254,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1437,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Spicules of sponges of the order Hadromerida; A – C—Mucronate tylostyles of Cliona cf. mucronata, family Clionaidae; D – F—Tylostyles of the order Hadromerida; G, H—Tylostyles of Terpios sp., family Suberitidae; I, J, P, R—Anthasters of Diplastrella cf. megastellata, family Spirastrellidae; K – M—Spherostyles of Sphaerotylus sp. 1, family Polymastiidae; L – O—Spherostyles of Sphaerotylus sp. 2, family Polymastiidae; Q—Microsclere spiraster of family Spirastrellidae or Clionaidae; S – Y—Verticillate strongyles of Dotona pulchella Carter, 1880, family Clionaidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287795/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Figs.
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<number box="[1228,1254,188,212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="10.0">10</number>
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</figureCitation>
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K–M) occur in
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<taxonomicName authority="Hentschel, 1914" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,629,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Sphaerotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Vanhoeffeni">
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<emphasis box="[151,436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sphaerotylus vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Hentschel" box="[444,629,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornschwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 15 (1), 35 - 141. [Forschungsreise 1905 3 (10), Fischer, Jena, pp. 1901 - 1903]" type="journal article" year="1914">
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Hentschel,
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<number box="[573,629,224,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1914.0">1914</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(described as
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<taxonomicName box="[795,928,224,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Sphaerotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Capitatus">
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<emphasis box="[795,928,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. capitatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; compare with
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<bibRefCitation author="Hentschel" box="[1109,1289,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornschwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 15 (1), 35 - 141. [Forschungsreise 1905 3 (10), Fischer, Jena, pp. 1901 - 1903]" type="journal article" year="1914">
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Hentschel
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<number box="[1230,1289,224,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1914.0">1914</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 5.5/
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<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1242,1264]" captionTargetBox="[522,1068,654,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[518,1073,649,1231]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Spicules of recent representants of the order Hadromerida; A—Subtylostyle of Cliona mucronata (redrawn from Calcinai 2005); B—subtylostyle of Cliona mucronata (redrawn from Vacelet & Vasseur 1971); C—Club-shaped spicules of Sphaerotylus vanhoeffeni (described as S. capitatus; redrawn from Hentschel 1914; size from 504 to 1080 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287797/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Fig.
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<number box="[151,181,260,284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="12.0">12</number>
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</figureCitation>
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C). This sponge is known from the
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<collectingCountry box="[578,682,260,285]" name="Antarctica" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
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Ocean (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hentschel" box="[776,954,260,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornschwamme der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 15 (1), 35 - 141. [Forschungsreise 1905 3 (10), Fischer, Jena, pp. 1901 - 1903]" type="journal article" year="1914">
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Hentschel
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<number box="[897,954,260,284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1914.0">1914</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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) and it is also recorded from the Ross Sea, as well as from the coasts of
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<collectingCountry box="[473,563,296,320]" name="Norway" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Norway</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[617,701,295,320]" name="Canada" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Canada</collectingCountry>
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(as synonym
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<taxonomicName box="[856,987,296,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Sphaerotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Capitatus">
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<emphasis box="[856,987,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. capitatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; van
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<bibRefCitation author="Soest" box="[1048,1239,295,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Soest, R. W. M., van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M. & Cristina Diaz, M. (2013) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury- Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M. & Cristina Diaz, M. World Porifera database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails & id = 171271 (accessed 19 March 2014)" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Soest
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<emphasis box="[1115,1171,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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<number box="[1178,1239,296,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2013.0">2013</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Another species having similar spicules is
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<taxonomicName authority="Levi, 1993" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1993" box="[463,895,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Sphaerotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Exospinosus">
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<emphasis box="[463,756,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sphaerotylus exospinosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Levi" box="[768,895,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Levi, C. (1993) Porifera Demospongiae: Spongiaires bathyaux de Nouvelle-Caledonie, recoltes par le ' Jean Charcot'. Campagne BIOCAL, 1985. pp. 9 - 87. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.) Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM, 11. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series A (Zoologie), 158, 1 - 426." type="journal article" year="1993">
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Lévi,
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<number box="[839,895,332,356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1993.0">1993</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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which today inhabits
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<collectingCountry box="[1163,1346,332,357]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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, but its spicules possess more strongly sculptured heads (
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<bibRefCitation author="Levi" box="[726,948,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Levi, C. (1993) Porifera Demospongiae: Spongiaires bathyaux de Nouvelle-Caledonie, recoltes par le ' Jean Charcot'. Campagne BIOCAL, 1985. pp. 9 - 87. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.) Resultats des campagnes MUSORSTOM, 11. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Series A (Zoologie), 158, 1 - 426." type="journal article" year="1993">
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Lévi
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<number box="[789,848,368,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1993.0">1993</number>
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||
, fig.
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||
<number box="[911,926,367,392]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="6.0">6</number>
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C
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Whereas the spicules with smooth clubshaped heads (
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<figureCitation box="[324,420,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1437,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Spicules of sponges of the order Hadromerida; A – C—Mucronate tylostyles of Cliona cf. mucronata, family Clionaidae; D – F—Tylostyles of the order Hadromerida; G, H—Tylostyles of Terpios sp., family Suberitidae; I, J, P, R—Anthasters of Diplastrella cf. megastellata, family Spirastrellidae; K – M—Spherostyles of Sphaerotylus sp. 1, family Polymastiidae; L – O—Spherostyles of Sphaerotylus sp. 2, family Polymastiidae; Q—Microsclere spiraster of family Spirastrellidae or Clionaidae; S – Y—Verticillate strongyles of Dotona pulchella Carter, 1880, family Clionaidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287795/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Figs.
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||
<number box="[392,420,404,428]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
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||
N, O) belong undoubtedly to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[773,918,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Sphaerotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[773,918,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sphaerotylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
sp., their assignment to a particular Recent species is difficult. Nevertheless, the presence of at least two different species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1059,1204,439,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Sphaerotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[1059,1204,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sphaerotylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is here postulated.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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||
Spicules that are similar in morphology had been described from the Jurassic of the Alps by
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<bibRefCitation author="Reif" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Reif, W-E. (1967) Schwammspicula aus dem Weissen Jura Zeta von Natheim (Schwabische Alb). Palaeontographica, 127, 85 - 102." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="a">
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||
Reif (
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||
<number box="[1327,1387,476,501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1967.0">1967</number>
|
||
; but without a precise attribution)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however they have smooth heads and rounded tips (compare with
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reif" box="[1239,1353,511,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Reif, W-E. (1967) Schwammspicula aus dem Weissen Jura Zeta von Natheim (Schwabische Alb). Palaeontographica, 127, 85 - 102." type="journal article" year="1967">
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||
Reif
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||
<number box="[1294,1353,511,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1967.0">1967</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl.
|
||
<number box="[1401,1431,512,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="12.0">12</number>
|
||
, fig.
|
||
<number box="[196,209,548,572]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1.0">1</number>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption box="[151,1166,1880,1902]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287796/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[610,976,625,1864]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1166,1880,1902]" box="[151,1166,1880,1902]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,286,1880,1902]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
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Verticillate acanthostrongyle of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[616,792,1880,1902]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Dotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Pulchella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[616,792,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Dotona pulchella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(redrawn from Calcinai
|
||
<emphasis box="[1043,1094,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,1437,1941,2038]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
There are very few microscleres found in the studied material (except ovoid selenasters and sterrasters which are intermediate in size, between macro- and microscleres). One of them—very characteristic spiraster microsclere (about
|
||
<number box="[229,257,2013,2038]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="50.0">50</number>
|
||
µm long)—may belong to hadromerid family
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[776,938,2013,2038]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Spirastrellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[974,1095,2013,2038]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Clionaidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1110,1191,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1589,1611]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1437,193,1567]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. Spicules of sponges of the order Hadromerida; A – C—Mucronate tylostyles of Cliona cf. mucronata, family Clionaidae; D – F—Tylostyles of the order Hadromerida; G, H—Tylostyles of Terpios sp., family Suberitidae; I, J, P, R—Anthasters of Diplastrella cf. megastellata, family Spirastrellidae; K – M—Spherostyles of Sphaerotylus sp. 1, family Polymastiidae; L – O—Spherostyles of Sphaerotylus sp. 2, family Polymastiidae; Q—Microsclere spiraster of family Spirastrellidae or Clionaidae; S – Y—Verticillate strongyles of Dotona pulchella Carter, 1880, family Clionaidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287795/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<number box="[1162,1191,2014,2038]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="10.0">10</number>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
Q). Unfortunately, the more precise assignment of this spicule is not possible due to paucity of the material. Nevertheless, the presence of other clionaid spicules and the absence of spicules belonging to spirastrellids suggest their clionaid affinity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |