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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3917.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39ff92ed-ddb8-4ec4-af8a-19e3288fdbd1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287785" ID-ZooBank="D8CB263D-645B-46CE-B797-461B6A86A98A" checkinTime="1460978373835" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Łukowiak, Magdalena" docDate="2015" docId="2125D91F1B33296F7ED9C111F5F7FCD4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03917p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3917 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@3c794a36" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Ancorinidae Schmidt 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="DD1CA1671B20297B7E4EC039F41BFF89" masterDocTitle="Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1645026518126" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Łukowiak, Magdalena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>3917</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6108551" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6108551" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2125D91F1B33296F7ED9C111F5F7FCD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2125D91F1B33296F7ED9C111F5F7FCD4" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,586,296,322]" box="[151,586,296,322]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,586,296,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,586,296,322]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Family
<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[246,586,296,322]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
Ancorinidae
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt" box="[408,586,296,322]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">
Schmidt,
<number box="[527,586,296,322]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1870.0">1870</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1436,366,499]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Among the diversified and very frequent triaenes in the studied samples, there are some that may be assigned to the ancorinid genus
<taxonomicName authority="Schmidt, 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[340,604,402,427]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[340,431,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stelletta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt" box="[439,604,402,427]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1862">
Schmidt,
<number box="[548,604,402,427]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1862.0">1862</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[621,700,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,551,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1437,551,1907]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of sponges of the order Astrophorida; A E—Anatriaenes of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae; F I—Different types of triaenes of Stelletta sp., family Ancorinidae; J N—Different types of acanthoxeas of Alectona millari, family Thoosidae; O—Sanidaster-ataxaster of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287792/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figs.
<number box="[686,700,403,427]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
FI). At least two different morphotypes of such triaenes clearly belong to this cosmopolitan genus. These are big (
<number box="[743,870,439,463]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2350.0" valueMax="3700.0" valueMin="1000.0">10003700</number>
µm long), massive protriaenes with thick, squat rhabds (
<figureCitation box="[241,318,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,551,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1437,551,1907]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of sponges of the order Astrophorida; A E—Anatriaenes of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae; F I—Different types of triaenes of Stelletta sp., family Ancorinidae; J N—Different types of acanthoxeas of Alectona millari, family Thoosidae; O—Sanidaster-ataxaster of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287792/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figs.
<number box="[304,318,475,498]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
H, I), as well as others with short clads at right angles to the rhabd (
<figureCitation box="[1075,1151,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,551,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1437,551,1907]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of sponges of the order Astrophorida; A E—Anatriaenes of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae; F I—Different types of triaenes of Stelletta sp., family Ancorinidae; J N—Different types of acanthoxeas of Alectona millari, family Thoosidae; O—Sanidaster-ataxaster of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287792/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figs.
<number box="[1138,1151,475,498]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
F, G).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287792/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[151,1435,551,1907]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1436,1930,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,280,1930,1952]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Spicules of sponges of the order
<taxonomicName box="[652,789,1930,1952]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Astrophorida</taxonomicName>
; AE—Anatriaenes of
<taxonomicName box="[1040,1126,1931,1952]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1040,1126,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Dercitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[1146,1214,1930,1952]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1146,1214,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stoeba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)-like sponge, family
<taxonomicName box="[151,279,1960,1982]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Ancorinidae</taxonomicName>
; FI—Different types of triaenes of
<taxonomicName box="[667,749,1960,1982]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[667,749,1960,1982]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stelletta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., family
<taxonomicName box="[879,1007,1960,1982]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Ancorinidae</taxonomicName>
; JN—Different types of acanthoxeas of
<taxonomicName box="[151,316,1991,2013]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thoosidae" genus="Alectona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Millari">
<emphasis box="[151,316,1991,2013]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Alectona millari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, family
<taxonomicName box="[401,510,1991,2013]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thoosidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Thoosidae</taxonomicName>
; O—Sanidaster-ataxaster of
<taxonomicName box="[800,886,1992,2013]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[800,886,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Dercitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[901,969,1991,2013]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[901,969,1991,2013]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Stoeba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)-like sponge, family
<taxonomicName box="[1187,1316,1991,2013]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Ancorinidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
There are several species of the genus
<taxonomicName box="[639,730,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[639,730,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Stelletta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded today from
<collectingCountry box="[977,1084,151,176]" name="Australia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Australia</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName authority="Carter, 1886" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1886" box="[1096,1403,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Aeruginosa">
<emphasis box="[1096,1251,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. aeruginosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Carter" box="[1260,1403,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Carter, H. J. (1886) Descriptions of Sponges from the Neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia, continued. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 17 (97, 98, 101, 102), 40 - 53, 112 - 127, 431 - 441, 502 - 516. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609460181" type="journal article" year="1886">
Carter,
<number box="[1344,1403,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1886.0">1886</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Hentschel, 1909" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1909" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Brevis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. brevis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Hentschel" box="[228,415,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Hentschel, E. (1909) Tetraxonida. I. Teil. In: Michaelsen, W. &amp; Hartmeyer, R. (Eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905, 2, pp. 347 - 402. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7416" type="journal article" year="1909">
Hentschel,
<number box="[356,415,188,212]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1909.0">1909</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Lendenfeld, 1907" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1907" box="[428,784,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Centrotyla">
<emphasis box="[428,572,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. centrotyla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lendenfeld" box="[581,784,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Lendenfeld, R. Von (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11 (1 - 2), 59 - 374." type="journal article" year="1907">
Lendenfeld,
<number box="[725,784,188,212]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1907.0">1907</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" box="[798,1072,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Clavosa">
<emphasis box="[798,914,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. clavosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Ridley" box="[923,1072,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 366 - 482, 582 - 630. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 22498" type="book chapter" year="1884">
Ridley,
<number box="[1013,1072,188,212]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1884.0">1884</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Sollas, 1886" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1886" box="[1085,1401,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Communis">
<emphasis box="[1085,1229,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. communis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Sollas" box="[1247,1393,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges Dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, New Series, 5, pp. 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">
Sollas,
<number box="[1333,1393,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1886.0">1886</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Bergquist, 1968" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1968" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Conulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. conulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Bergquist" box="[258,439,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1968) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part 1. (Tetractinomorpha and Lithistida). New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 37), 188, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1968">
Bergquist,
<number box="[380,439,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1968.0">1968</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Thiele, 1900" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1900" box="[449,702,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Debilis">
<emphasis box="[449,552,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. debilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Thiele" box="[558,702,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Thiele, J. (1900) Kieselschwamme von Ternate. I. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Frankfurt, 25, 19 - 80." type="journal article" year="1900">
Thiele,
<number box="[643,702,224,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1900.0">1900</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Carter, 1886" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1886" box="[712,1044,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Mamilliformis">
<emphasis box="[712,896,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. mamilliformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Carter" box="[903,1044,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Carter, H. J. (1886) Descriptions of Sponges from the Neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia, continued. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 17 (97, 98, 101, 102), 40 - 53, 112 - 127, 431 - 441, 502 - 516. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609460181" type="journal article" year="1886">
Carter,
<number box="[985,1044,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1886.0">1886</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Dendy, 1924" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1924" box="[1054,1300,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Maori">
<emphasis box="[1054,1149,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. maori</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Dendy" box="[1155,1300,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Dendy, A. (1924) Porifera. Part I. Non-Antarctic sponges. Natural History Report. British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910 (Zoology), 6 (3), 269 - 392." type="journal article" year="1924">
Dendy,
<number box="[1241,1300,224,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1924.0">1924</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Sollas, 1886" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1886" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Moseleyi">
<emphasis box="[1310,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. moseleyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Sollas" box="[159,303,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges Dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, New Series, 5, pp. 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">
Sollas,
<number box="[243,303,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1886.0">1886</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Sollas, 1886" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1886" box="[323,607,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Pulchra">
<emphasis box="[323,439,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. pulchra</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Sollas" box="[455,599,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges Dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, New Series, 5, pp. 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">
Sollas,
<number box="[539,599,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1886.0">1886</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" box="[619,905,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Purpurea">
<emphasis box="[619,750,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. purpurea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Ridley" box="[758,905,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 366 - 482, 582 - 630. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 22498" type="book chapter" year="1884">
Ridley,
<number box="[846,905,260,284]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1884.0">1884</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Sollas, 1886" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1886" box="[916,1230,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Pyriformis">
<emphasis box="[916,1062,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. pyriformis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Sollas" box="[1078,1222,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges Dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, New Series, 5, pp. 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">
Sollas,
<number box="[1162,1222,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1886.0">1886</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Sollas, 1886" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1886" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Ridleyi">
<emphasis box="[1241,1343,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. ridleyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Sollas" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges Dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, New Series, 5, pp. 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">
Sollas,
<number box="[151,211,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1886.0">1886</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Lendenfeld, 1907" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1907" box="[231,619,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Sigmatriaena">
<emphasis box="[231,409,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. sigmatriaena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lendenfeld" box="[417,619,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Lendenfeld, R. Von (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11 (1 - 2), 59 - 374." type="journal article" year="1907">
Lendenfeld,
<number box="[560,619,296,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1907.0">1907</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Tanita, 1965" authorityName="Tanita" authorityYear="1965" box="[631,941,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Splendens">
<emphasis box="[631,770,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. splendens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Tanita" box="[787,933,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Tanita, S. (1965) Report on the sponges obtained from the adjacent waters of the Sado Island, Japan Sea. Bulletin Japan Sea Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 14, 43 - 66." type="journal article" year="1965">
Tanita,
<number box="[873,933,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1965.0">1965</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authority="Carter, 1886" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1886" box="[1003,1327,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="Tuberculata">
<emphasis box="[1003,1160,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">S. tuberculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Carter" box="[1176,1319,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Carter, H. J. (1886) Descriptions of Sponges from the Neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia, continued. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 17 (97, 98, 101, 102), 40 - 53, 112 - 127, 431 - 441, 502 - 516. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609460181" type="journal article" year="1886">
Carter,
<number box="[1262,1319,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1886.0">1886</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Atlas of Living
<collectingCountry box="[235,343,332,357]" name="Australia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Australia</collectingCountry>
). Unfortunately, having only loose spicules the problem of specific assignment exists, and thus they are determined here only as
<taxonomicName box="[528,619,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[528,619,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Stelletta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Also some other triaenes from my material (e.g.,
<figureCitation box="[1227,1304,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,733,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1437,733,1855]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Undetermined astrophorid triaenes; A D, L, M—Protriaenes of order the Astrophorida; E, F, J, K, N—Orthotriaenes of the order Astrophorida; G I—Prodichotriaenes of the order Astrophorida." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287794/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figs.
<number box="[1290,1304,368,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="9.0">9</number>
</figureCitation>
A, K, L, N) may belong to
<taxonomicName box="[318,409,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[318,409,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Stelletta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but in this case, the assignment is highly intuitive. The triaenes that may belong to
<taxonomicName box="[1345,1436,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1345,1436,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Stelletta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are common in the fossil record. They have been described e.g., by Reif from the Jurassic of the
<collectingCountry box="[1252,1356,440,464]" name="Germany" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<number box="[1372,1431,439,464]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1967.0">1967</number>
, pl.
<number box="[187,217,476,500]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="13.0">13</number>
, figs.
<number box="[284,359,476,500]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="18.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.0">1719</number>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Apart from the previously discussed
<taxonomicName box="[632,723,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[632,723,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Stelletta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. spicules, other moderately frequent spicules representing family
<taxonomicName box="[233,372,548,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Ancorinidae</taxonomicName>
occur in my samples. These are characteristic calthrops and dichotriaenes (
<figureCitation box="[1240,1319,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[166,1401,539,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[165,1402,539,1838]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicules of sponges of the order Astrophorida; A—Mesodichotriaene, family Pachastrellidae; B—Dichotriaene, family Pachastrellidae; C G—Mesotriaenes of Pachastrella - like sponge, family Pachastrellidae; H J—Calthrops of Calthropella sp., family Calthropellidae; K—Spicule of the order Astrophorida; L—Triaene of Brachiaster cf. claudlevii, family Pachastrellidae; M—Triaene of Triptolemma cladosum, family Pachastrellidae; N O—Calthrop and dichotriaene of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287790/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figs.
<number box="[1305,1319,548,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="5.0">5</number>
</figureCitation>
N, O) that resemble spicules of
<taxonomicName authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[388,628,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[388,484,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dercitus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Gray" box="[491,628,583,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867 a) Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558." type="journal article" year="1867" yearSuffix="a">
Gray,
<number box="[560,616,583,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1867.0">1867</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName box="[700,775,583,608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[700,775,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Stoeba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Some of these spicule
<typeStatus box="[1054,1113,584,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">types</typeStatus>
may also occur, however, in other Astrophorid families. For example, spicules illustrated in the
<figureCitation box="[906,1000,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1841,1863]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,193,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,193,1820]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules of sponges of the order Astrophorida; A E—Sterraster microscleres of Geodia sp. 1, family Geodiidae; F I—Sterraster microscleres of Geodia sp. 2, family Geodiidae; J P—Different types of pynakids of the hypothetical species Dactylocalycites callodiscus, family? Geodiidae; Q T—Spicules of the family Geodiidae; U W—Triaenes of Penares cf. sclerobesa, family Geodiidae (subfamily Erylinae); X—Triaenes of Penares sp., family Geodiidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287789/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figure
<number box="[986,1000,620,644]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
R (as well as
<figureCitation box="[1153,1217,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[166,1401,539,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[165,1402,539,1838]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicules of sponges of the order Astrophorida; A—Mesodichotriaene, family Pachastrellidae; B—Dichotriaene, family Pachastrellidae; C G—Mesotriaenes of Pachastrella - like sponge, family Pachastrellidae; H J—Calthrops of Calthropella sp., family Calthropellidae; K—Spicule of the order Astrophorida; L—Triaene of Brachiaster cf. claudlevii, family Pachastrellidae; M—Triaene of Triptolemma cladosum, family Pachastrellidae; N O—Calthrop and dichotriaene of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287790/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig.
<number box="[1204,1217,620,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="5.0">5</number>
</figureCitation>
N) may belong to a wide range of pachastrellid genera (e.g.,
<taxonomicName box="[660,797,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[660,797,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Poecillastra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[819,961,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[819,961,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pachastrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[984,1110,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Characella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[984,1110,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Characella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or to
<taxonomicName box="[1219,1336,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Vulcanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1219,1336,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Vulcanella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(family
<taxonomicName box="[151,310,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Vulcanellidae</taxonomicName>
), or even to
<taxonomicName box="[452,543,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[452,543,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Stelletta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(family
<taxonomicName box="[643,787,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Ancorinidae</taxonomicName>
). Some sanidaster-ataxasters belong probably to
<taxonomicName box="[1340,1435,693,716]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1340,1435,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dercitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName box="[220,295,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[220,295,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Stoeba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation box="[324,395,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,551,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1437,551,1907]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of sponges of the order Astrophorida; A E—Anatriaenes of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae; F I—Different types of triaenes of Stelletta sp., family Ancorinidae; J N—Different types of acanthoxeas of Alectona millari, family Thoosidae; O—Sanidaster-ataxaster of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287792/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Fig.
<number box="[380,395,728,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
O). The illustrated here anatriaenes (
<figureCitation box="[826,906,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,551,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1437,551,1907]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of sponges of the order Astrophorida; A E—Anatriaenes of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae; F I—Different types of triaenes of Stelletta sp., family Ancorinidae; J N—Different types of acanthoxeas of Alectona millari, family Thoosidae; O—Sanidaster-ataxaster of Dercitus (Stoeba) - like sponge, family Ancorinidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287792/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figs.
<number box="[893,906,728,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="7.0">7</number>
</figureCitation>
AE) may belong to the family
<taxonomicName box="[1290,1432,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Ancorinidae</taxonomicName>
; however, they also may belong to other taxa (e.g., family
<taxonomicName box="[796,911,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Geodiidae</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName box="[949,1124,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Pachastrellidae</taxonomicName>
). Based on their shape, they have been assigned here to ancorinids. Both, the triaenes and the sanidaster-ataxasters, in my opinion, belong to
<emphasis box="[151,347,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName box="[151,246,837,860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Dercitus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[261,338,836,861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Stoeba</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
-like sponge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>