treatments-xml/data/03/D4/56/03D45648F145FFCFF5B7FDAA64EACA19.xml

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<mods:title id="FC872556D79E5F6D4265CAE631609B39">Three new and a known species of the genus Proleptonchus Lordello, 1955 (Nematoda: Leptonchidae) with a diagnostic compendium of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4EB6B036C64C7067D50F1A142D3B334E">Ahad, Sumaya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="892A3A6EDAD2CF46C565DA27FF103A8A">Ahmad, Wasim</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C367B4D5F145FFCCF5B7FDAA64FBC923" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC2E75EF145FFCCF5B7FDAA66D1C941" blockId="1.[151,705,546,606]" box="[151,705,546,572]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
<heading id="D08A5032F145FFCCF5B7FDAA66D1C941" bold="true" box="[151,705,546,572]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7D9CDDF145FFCCF5B7FDAA66D1C941" authority="Bajaj &amp; Bhatti, 1980" authorityName="Bajaj &amp; Bhatti" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,705,546,572]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptonchidae" genus="Proleptonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="shamimi">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF5B7FDAA66D1C941" bold="true" box="[151,705,546,572]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF5B7FDAA65A6C941" bold="true" box="[151,438,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Proleptonchus shamimi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC9AAFF145FFCCF49DFDAA66D1C941" author="Bajaj" box="[445,705,546,572]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" refString="Bajaj, H. K. &amp; Bhatti, D. S. (1980) Description of Proleptonchus shamimi n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with remarks on variability. Nematologica, 26, 10 - 16. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529280 X 00512" type="journal article" year="1980">Bajaj &amp; Bhatti, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2E75EF145FFCCF5B7FDCD64FBC923" blockId="1.[151,705,546,606]" box="[151,235,581,606]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
(
<figureCitation id="1346FBDBF145FFCCF5BFFDCD64F0C923" box="[159,224,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,204,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[195,1392,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Proleptonchus shamimi Bajaj &amp; Bhatti, 1980 A – C. Anterior region. D. Anterior end showing amphid. E &amp; F. Pharyngeal bulb. G. Vulval region. H-J. Female genital system. K. Female posterior region. (Scale bar A – D, I = 10 µm; E – H, J = 20 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267381/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C367B4D5F145FFCCF5B7FD056596CD7B" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC2E75EF145FFCCF5B7FD0565CBC9DB" blockId="1.[151,1437,653,2010]" box="[151,475,653,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF5B7FD05655DC9DB" bold="true" box="[151,333,653,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Measurements.</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation id="C6FFD2E5F145FFCCF4A3FD0565C6C9DB" box="[387,470,653,678]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,404,427]" captionTargetBox="[159,1395,486,1898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of Proleptonchus kazirangus n. sp. and P. shamimi Bajaj &amp; Bhatti, 1980 (All measurements in µm)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF02B7D6F146FFCFF5B7FE1C64D4CAB6" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" tableUuid="DF02B7D6F146FFCFF5B7FE1C64D4CAB6">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2E75EF145FFCCF5E7FD39655AC827" blockId="1.[151,1437,653,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF5E7FD3965AAC9B7" bold="true" box="[199,442,689,714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Description. Female</emphasis>
: Medium size nematodes, 
<quantity id="4C854ABBF145FFCCF7D8FD3A6793C9B4" box="[760,899,690,714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
long; body cylindrical, tapering towards both extremities, generally straight or slightly curved ventrally. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 2–3 µm thick at midbody and 3–4 µm on tail. Outer layer thin; inner layer with irregular outline and loose; radial refractive elements abundant. Lateral chords occupying about 25–36% of midbody diameter. Dorsal, ventral and lateral body pores indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2E75EF145FFCCF5E7FCED60D1CF07" blockId="1.[151,1437,653,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Lip region cap-like, offset by constriction, 2.5–2.7 times as wide as high or about one-fourth to one-third of body diameter at neck base; inner part of lips slightly raised. Amphids cup-shaped, their aperture occupying about two-thirds the lip region diameter. Stoma inverted flask-shaped, with sclerotized walls. Odontostyle attenuated, 0.7–0.8 times the lip region diameter long, with distinct lumen and fine aperture. Odontophore slightly arcuate, 1.25–1.37 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 0.7–0.8 times lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consist of a slender and weakly muscular anterior part and a short pear-shaped constricted basal bulb, occupying about 18–20% of total neck length. Cardia short, rounded, about one-sixth of the corresponding body diameter long. Nerve ring at 43–45% of neck length from the anterior end.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2E75EF145FFCCF5E7FB0D60D8CE9C" blockId="1.[151,1437,653,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
Genital system monodelphic-prodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 114–170 µm long, reaching the oviductuterus junction; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 136–164 µm, consisting of a slender portion and a well developed 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF6A1FB466015CF9B" box="[897,1029,1229,1254]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">par dilatata</emphasis>
. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by well developed sphincter. Uterus short, tubular, measuring 75–86 µm, without refringent apophyses at its distal end,. Posterior genital branch reduced, 2.0–2.7 times the midbody diameter long, comprised of uterus measuring 65–80 µm and distinct sphincter followed by a sac-like structure representing a rudimentary oviduct and probably few cells representing vestigial ovary. Vagina cylindrical; 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF66DFAD6607ACE08" box="[845,1130,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">pars proximalis vaginae</emphasis>
10–12 µm long, its wall encircled by muscles; 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF4BCFA0A669DCEE4" box="[412,653,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">pars distalis vaginae</emphasis>
short, 1.5–2.0 µm long with slightly curved walls; 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF1CDFA0A64F0CEC3" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">pars refringens absent</emphasis>
. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 5.3–6.8 and rectum 0.7–1.2 anal body diameter long. Tail short and rounded, conoid, 0.66–0.74 times anal body diameter long, with a pair of caudal pore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2E75EF145FFCCF5E7FA656596CD7B" blockId="1.[151,1437,653,2010]" box="[199,390,1517,1542]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF5E7FA65651DCD7B" bold="true" box="[199,269,1517,1542]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Male:</emphasis>
Not found
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BC2E75EF145FFCCF5E7F99967C1CD33" blockId="1.[151,1437,653,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
<materialsCitation id="3B15ED03F145FFCCF5E7F99967C1CD33" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324949229" country="India" location="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uttar Pradesh">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF5E7F99965A4CD57" bold="true" box="[199,436,1553,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Voucher specimens.</emphasis>
Four females on slide 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D9CDDF145FFCCF79AF99967D3CD57" box="[698,963,1553,1578]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptonchidae" genus="Proleptonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="shamimi">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF79AF99967D3CD57" box="[698,963,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Proleptonchus shamimi</emphasis>
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/1; deposited in the Nematode Collection, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, 
<collectingRegion id="49B929BCF145FFCCF7C8F9BE6795CD33" box="[744,901,1589,1614]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36AA7CEF145FFCCF6B0F9BD67DDCD33" box="[912,973,1589,1614]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">India</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC2E75EF145FFCCF5E7F9D16564CDEB" blockId="1.[151,1437,653,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF5E7F9D165AFCD0F" bold="true" box="[199,447,1625,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Habitat and locality.</emphasis>
Soil samples from around the roots of the unidentified grasses of Kaziranga National Park, 
<collectingRegion id="49B929BCF145FFCCF5F8F9F66537CDEB" box="[216,295,1662,1686]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Assam</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36AA7CEF145FFCCF412F9F5657FCDEB" box="[306,367,1661,1686]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">India</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C367B4D5F145FFCFF5E7F92964EACA19" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC2E75EF145FFCFF5E7F92964EACA19" blockId="1.[151,1437,653,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF5E7F9296554CDC7" bold="true" box="[199,324,1697,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Remarks.:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC9AAFF145FFCCF46EF929665ECDC7" author="Bajaj" box="[334,590,1697,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" refString="Bajaj, H. K. &amp; Bhatti, D. S. (1980) Description of Proleptonchus shamimi n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with remarks on variability. Nematologica, 26, 10 - 16. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529280 X 00512" type="journal article" year="1980">Bajaj &amp; Bhatti (1980)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D9CDDF145FFCCF7EEF92A675CCDC7" box="[718,844,1697,1722]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptonchidae" genus="Proleptonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="shamimi">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF7EEF92A675CCDC7" box="[718,844,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">P. shamimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
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based on the study of large number of female and male specimens. They made detailed observations on the variability in posterior genital branch, a structure which has been quite often used in the identification of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D9CDDF145FFCCF65CF961600ECC7F" box="[892,1054,1769,1794]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptonchidae" genus="Proleptonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF65CF961600ECC7F" box="[892,1054,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Proleptonchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC9AAFF145FFCCF1A6F96164F1CC5B" author="Peralta" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" refString="Peralta, M. &amp; Pena-Santiago, R. (1996) Nematodes of the order Dorylaimida from Andalucia Oriental, Spain. The families Leptonchidae Thorne, 1935 and Aulolaimoididae Jairajpuri, 1964. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 19, 481 - 497." type="journal article" year="1996">Peralta &amp; Peña-Santiago (1996)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed this species from 
<collectingCountry id="F36AA7CEF145FFCCF76AF885669DCC5B" box="[586,653,1805,1830]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">Spain</collectingCountry>
. They indicated a close relationship of this species with 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF00CF8866188CC58" box="[1324,1432,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">P. i nd i c u s</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC9AAFF145FFCCF5B7F8B96587CC37" author="Siddiqi" box="[151,407,1841,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. &amp; Khan, E. (1964) Xenonchium cedari n. g., n. sp. and Proleptonchus indicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea) from North India. Labdev Journal of Science and Technology, 2, 34 - 36." type="journal article" year="1964">Siddiqi &amp; Khan, 1964</bibRefCitation>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D9CDDF145FFCCF4F3F8BA67A8CC37" authority="Goseco, Ferris &amp; Ferris, 1974" authorityName="Goseco, Ferris &amp; Ferris" authorityYear="1974" box="[467,952,1841,1866]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptonchidae" genus="Proleptonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="johnsoni">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF4F3F8BA6642CC37" box="[467,594,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">P. johnsoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC9AAFF145FFCCF77CF8BA67A8CC37" author="Goseco" box="[604,952,1841,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" refString="Goseco, C. G., Ferris, V. R. &amp; Ferris, J. M. (1974) Revision in Leptonchoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Leptonchus, Proleptonchus, Funaria and Meylis n. gen. in Leptonchidae, Leptonchinae. Research Bulletin Agriculture Experiment Station, Purdue University, West Lafayette, No. 911, 1 - 32." type="book chapter" year="1974">Goseco, Ferris &amp; Ferris, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF6E6F8BA6021CC34" box="[966,1073,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">P. i n di c us</emphasis>
has been described from 
<collectingCountry id="F36AA7CEF145FFCCF042F8B9618CCC37" box="[1378,1436,1841,1866]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">India</collectingCountry>
based on a single female specimen. The same specimen was also studied by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC9AAFF145FFCCF16EF8DE6159CC13" box="[1102,1353,1877,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" refString="Goseco, C. G., Ferris, V. R. &amp; Ferris, J. M. (1974) Revision in Leptonchoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Leptonchus, Proleptonchus, Funaria and Meylis n. gen. in Leptonchidae, Leptonchinae. Research Bulletin Agriculture Experiment Station, Purdue University, West Lafayette, No. 911, 1 - 32." type="book chapter">
Goseco 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF190F8DE60E0CC13" box="[1200,1264,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">et al.</emphasis>
(1974)
</bibRefCitation>
in his redescription. Although there is morphological similarity between the two species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D9CDDF145FFCCF147F8F260F6CCEF" box="[1127,1254,1913,1938]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptonchidae" genus="Proleptonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="shamimi">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF147F8F260F6CCEF" box="[1127,1254,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">P. shamimi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D9CDDF145FFCCF0A7F8F264F8CCCB" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptonchidae" genus="Proleptonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="1" pageNumber="116" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF0A7F8F264F8CCCB" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">P. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its comparatively larger body size, shape of lip region (more conoid 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF127F816600ECCC8" box="[1031,1054,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">vs</emphasis>
rounded), larger expanded part of pharynx (35–39 µm 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF4A5F84A658CCCA4" box="[389,412,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">vs</emphasis>
25 µm), presence of well developed sphincter in the posterior sexual branch (
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF145FFCCF00CF84A6153CCA4" box="[1324,1347,1986,2009]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="116">vs</emphasis>
absent, neither 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC9AAFF146FFCFF5CCFF1F65FFCBCD" author="Siddiqi" box="[236,495,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="117" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. &amp; Khan, E. (1964) Xenonchium cedari n. g., n. sp. and Proleptonchus indicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea) from North India. Labdev Journal of Science and Technology, 2, 34 - 36." type="journal article" year="1964">Siddiqi &amp; Khan (1964)</bibRefCitation>
nor 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC9AAFF146FFCFF703FF106718CBCD" box="[547,776,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="117" refString="Goseco, C. G., Ferris, V. R. &amp; Ferris, J. M. (1974) Revision in Leptonchoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Leptonchus, Proleptonchus, Funaria and Meylis n. gen. in Leptonchidae, Leptonchinae. Research Bulletin Agriculture Experiment Station, Purdue University, West Lafayette, No. 911, 1 - 32." type="book chapter">
Goseco 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF146FFCFF75EFF1166A6CBCD" box="[638,694,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="117">et al.</emphasis>
(1974)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned the presence of a sphincter in 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF146FFCFF1FCFF116154CBCD" box="[1244,1348,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="117">P. i nd i c u s</emphasis>
), and a larger prerectum (160–185 µm 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF146FFCFF72EFF356635CBA9" box="[526,549,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="117">vs</emphasis>
96 µm). The description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7D9CDDF146FFCFF6A5FF356016CBA8" box="[901,1030,188,213]" class="Adenophorea" family="Leptonchidae" genus="Proleptonchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="2" pageNumber="117" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="johnsoni">
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF146FFCFF6A5FF356016CBA8" box="[901,1030,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="117">P. johnsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also based on just two female specimens. It has a comparatively slender body, a very slender odontostyle apparently with no visible aperture, odontophore as long as odontostyle and slightly sclerotized. Although this species appears very close to 
<emphasis id="B9093B4CF146FFCFF008FE8D6181CA61" box="[1320,1425,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="117">P. i n di cu s</emphasis>
, it distinctly differs from the later in having slender body and its odontostyle very slender apparently with no aperture.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>