treatments-xml/data/03/BD/87/03BD87BABA1FB0149B0477E704D366F1.xml

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<mods:title id="90E0D6A42CC5ABE31E78C0BDBE9D1A20">Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhão State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7150D8E2F1B80B432B3DEF2BADB6B22C">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03BD87BABA1FB0149B0477E704D366F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3505247" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3505247" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87BABA1FB0149B0477E704D366F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87BABA1FB0149B0477E704D366F1" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D0E381C0BA1FB0169B0477E704F261C4" bold="true" box="[264,942,1233,1259]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1FB0169B0477E704F261C4" ID-CoL="46PZ2" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[264,942,1233,1259]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1FB0169B0477E704F261C4" bold="true" box="[264,942,1233,1259]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1FB0169B0477E7055961C4" bold="true" box="[264,517,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Neopetrosia proxima</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1FB016981877E704FA61C4" author="Duchassaing" box="[532,934,1233,1259]" pageId="12" pageNumber="20" refString="Duchassaing De Fonbressin, P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21 (3), 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1FB0169B0477C206A56021" blockId="12.[264,942,1164,1294]" box="[264,505,1268,1294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA1FB0169B0477C2060A6021" box="[264,342,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[264,367,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[279,1305,820,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,809,1780]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864). A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171258/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
A–D; Tab. IV
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1FB0169B04767203726074" blockId="12.[264,1323,1348,1531]" box="[264,1070,1348,1371]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1FB0169B04767204076074" ID-CoL="562XC" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864: 84" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityPageNumber="84" authorityYear="1864" box="[264,859,1348,1371]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Thalysias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1FB0169B04767206916074" box="[264,461,1348,1371]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thalysias proxima</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA1FB0169BD8767204076074" author="Duchassaing" box="[468,859,1348,1371]" page="84" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1864">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1FB0169BD8767204696074" author="Duchassaing" box="[468,821,1348,1371]" pageId="12" pageNumber="20" refString="Duchassaing De Fonbressin, P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21 (3), 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
: 84
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. VIII,
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA1FB01699CF767203766074" box="[963,1066,1348,1371]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[264,367,1559,1583]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,367,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox-0="[279,1308,651,1527]" captionTargetBox-1="[271,1298,876,1649]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[275,1313,646,1535]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[264,1323,868,1655]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814). A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae sp. nov. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171252/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171253/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1FB0169B047652041F6054" blockId="12.[264,1323,1348,1531]" box="[264,835,1380,1403]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB041182BA1FB0169B047652041F6054" box="[264,835,1380,1403]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1FB0169B04765205996054" ID-CoL="34T89" authority="De Laubenfels, 1934: 14" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1934" box="[264,709,1380,1403]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Densa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="araminta">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1FB0169B04765206E96054" box="[264,437,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Densa araminta</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F303763CBA1FB0169BB7765206866054" box="[443,474,1380,1403]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">De</collectingCountry>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA1FB0169BED765205996054" author="Laubenfels" box="[481,709,1380,1403]" page="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1FB0169BED765205C26054" author="Laubenfels" box="[481,670,1380,1403]" pageId="12" pageNumber="21" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de. (1934) New sponges from the Puerto Rican deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, 91 (17), 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1934">Laubenfels, 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 14
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</taxonomicName>
; 1950: 168.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB041182BA1FB0169B0476B2045B60B4" box="[264,775,1412,1435]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1FB0169B0476B206CB60B4" ID-CoL="84VRX" box="[264,407,1412,1435]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Xestospongia</taxonomicName>
sp
</emphasis>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA1FB0169BC876B2045860B4" author="Collette" box="[452,772,1412,1435]" page="309" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1FB0169BC876B2059260B4" author="Collette" box="[452,718,1412,1435]" pageId="12" pageNumber="20" refString="Collette, B. &amp; Rutzler, K. (1977) Reef fishes over sponge bottoms off the mouth of the Amazon River. Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Symposium, Miami, pp. 305 - 310." type="proceedings paper" year="1977">Collette &amp; Rützler, 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 309
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1FB0169B047692069960D4" blockId="12.[264,1323,1348,1531]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB041182BA1FB0169B047692069960D4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1FB0169B04769206AB6094" ID-CoL="7G9LC" box="[264,503,1444,1467]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1FB0169B04769206AB6094" box="[264,503,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Xestospongia proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Van
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA1FB016983B7692047A6094" author="Soest" box="[567,806,1444,1467]" page="198" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1FB016983B769205A86094" author="Soest" box="[567,756,1444,1467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. Van; Stone, S. M.; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Rutzler, K. (1983) Catalogue of the Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti (1864) collection of West Indian Sponges (Porifera). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, 9 (21), 189 - 205." type="journal article" year="1983">Soest et al., 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 198
</treatmentCitation>
–204;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA1FB0169967769203516094" author="Zea" box="[875,1037,1444,1467]" page="116" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1FB0169967769204866094" author="Zea" box="[875,986,1444,1467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 116
</treatmentCitation>
–119, Fig. 34, pl. IX,
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA1FB0169EFA7692063F60F4" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[264,367,1672,1696]" captionStartId-1="6.[264,367,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox-0="[271,1298,876,1649]" captionTargetBox-1="[274,1314,698,1626]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[264,1323,868,1655]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[264,1323,689,1648]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Haliclona (Halichoclona) lernerae sp. nov. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Amphimedon caribica (PulitzerFinali, 1986). A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171253/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171254/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
; Van
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA1FB0169BAD76F2058C60F4" author="Soest" box="[417,720,1476,1499]" page="132" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1FB0169BAD76F205C060F4" author="Soest" box="[417,668,1476,1499]" pageId="12" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. Van &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep water sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Soest &amp; Stentoft, 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 132
</treatmentCitation>
–133, pl. XII
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA1FB016996876F204FA60F4" box="[868,934,1476,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[274,1314,698,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,689,1648]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Amphimedon caribica (PulitzerFinali, 1986). A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171254/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, textFig. 64; Lehnert &amp; Van
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA1FB0169EE676F206CB60D4" author="Soest" page="77" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1FB0169EE676F2062D60D4" author="Soest" pageId="12" pageNumber="21" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. Van. (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 46 (4), 53 - 81." type="journal article" year="1996">Soest, 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 77
</treatmentCitation>
–78.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1FB0169B04751A06A76369" bold="true" box="[264,507,1580,1606]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Examined material</emphasis>
. MCNPOR 5334, 72 m,
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–
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,
<date id="FFAA106CBA1FB0169E11751A03F16369" box="[1053,1197,1580,1606]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2001-07-17">17/VII/2001</date>
(fragment deposited in ZMAPOR 17917); MCNPOR 5107, 93 m,
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–
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA1FB0169E347562038D6341" box="[1080,1233,1620,1646]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-44.77">44°46’12”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFAA106CBA1FB0169ED27562061A63B9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1999-06-10">10/VI/ 1999</date>
; MCNPOR 5016, 5276,
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–
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,
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,
<date id="FFAA106CBA1FB0169E1C754A03C063B9" box="[1040,1180,1660,1686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1999-06-12">12/VI/1999</date>
; MCNPOR 3845, 72 m,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA1FB0169BB1759205466391" box="[445,538,1700,1726]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-0.53333336">00°32’S</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA1FB0169827759205CB6391" box="[555,663,1700,1726]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-43.833332">43°50’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFAA106CBA1FB01698A2759204646391" box="[686,824,1700,1726]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1997-11-18">18/XI/1997</date>
; MCNPOR 4967, 4996, 5000, 94 m,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA1FB0169B0475FA06D163C9" box="[264,397,1740,1766]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-0.58666664">00°35’12”S</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA1FB0169B9375FA056B63C9" box="[415,567,1740,1766]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-43.34861">43°20’55”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFAA106CBA1FB016984875FA059363C9" box="[580,719,1740,1766]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1999-06-14">14/VI/1999</date>
; MCNPOR 4781, 31 m,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA1FB01699FA75FA032163C9" box="[1014,1149,1740,1766]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-0.86222225">00°51’44”S</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA1FB0169E8275FA027A63C9" box="[1166,1318,1740,1766]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-44.356667">44°21’24”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFAA106CBA1FB0169B0475C206CE6221" box="[264,402,1780,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1999-06-12">12/VI/1999</date>
; MCNPOR 3814, 3823,
<quantity id="4CEC9B49BA1FB01698B975C205A86221" box="[693,756,1780,1806]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA1FB016990C75C204DA6221" box="[768,902,1780,1806]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-1.5725">01°33’81”S</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA1FB016999B75C203736221" box="[919,1071,1780,1806]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-43.274166">43°15’87”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFAA106CBA1FB0169E3075C203906221" box="[1084,1228,1780,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1997-12-02">02/XII/1997</date>
(MCN
<collectionCode id="ED05AE69BA1FB0169B04742A061D6219" box="[264,321,1820,1846]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">POR</collectionCode>
3823: fragment deposited in ZMAPOR 17916); MCNPOR 3791, 72 m,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA1FB0169E9D742A02456219" box="[1169,1305,1820,1846]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-2.2469444">02°14’49”S</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA1FB0169B04747206C26271" box="[264,414,1860,1886]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-42.005554">42°00’20”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFAA106CBA1FB0169BA6747205636271" box="[426,575,1860,1886]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1997-12-06">06/XII/1997</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1EB0179B34722D03496471" blockId="13.[264,1323,283,750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1EB0179B34722D058F641A" bold="true" box="[312,723,283,309]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material studied for comparison</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1EB01798EF722A04DD641A" box="[739,897,284,309]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1EB01798EF722A04DD641A" box="[739,897,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Xestospongia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., off the mouth of Amazon river (reexamined). Deposited in MCNPOR 2468 (det. Klaus Rützler).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA1EB0149B34725D042C6759" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1EB0179B34725D037E64D1" blockId="13.[264,1323,283,750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1EB0179B34725D069564AA" bold="true" box="[312,457,363,389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description</emphasis>
. Irregular, fingerlike fragments (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA1EB0179955725A04FC64A9" box="[857,928,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[264,367,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[279,1305,820,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,809,1780]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864). A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171258/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A):
<quantity id="4CEC9B49BA1EB01799DC725A034764A9" box="[976,1051,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="17.0">17 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CEC9B49BA1EB0179E64725A03E664A9" box="[1128,1210,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="2.8">2.8 cm</quantity>
large, up to
<quantity id="4CEC9B49BA1EB0179B2572A2063A6481" box="[297,358,404,430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
height (measurements of the bigger fragment MCN 3823). Surface punctiform, hispid to the touch, infested with
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1EB017989C728A046F64FA" box="[656,819,444,469]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Parazoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1EB017989C728A046F64FA" box="[656,819,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Parazoanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; only one oscule visible,
<quantity id="4CEC9B49BA1EB0179E53728A03C564F9" box="[1119,1177,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in diameter. Preserved material incompressible consistency, colour light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1EB0179B34713D05DC67C1" blockId="13.[264,1323,283,750]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1EB0179B34713D06FF670A" bold="true" box="[312,419,523,549]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Skeleton</emphasis>
. Similar to descriptions of
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1EB01798D2713A043C6709" author="Zea" box="[734,864,524,550]" pageId="13" pageNumber="22" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and Lehnert &amp; Van
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1EB0179E46713A03BE6709" author="Soest" box="[1098,1250,524,550]" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. Van. (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 46 (4), 53 - 81." type="journal article" year="1996">Soest (1996)</bibRefCitation>
. Measurements emended. Ectosome: Uni to multispicular fibres, 30–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1EB0179E0C710203416762" box="[1024,1053,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">88</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1EB0179E287102036F6762" box="[1060,1075,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">8</emphasis>
–170 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA1EB0179B1D716A06046759" box="[273,344,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[264,367,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[279,1305,820,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,809,1780]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864). A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171258/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B); meshes 150–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1EB017982D716A0511675A" box="[545,589,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">243</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1EB0179858716A053E675A" box="[596,610,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6</emphasis>
–360 µm in diameter. Choanosome: subsuperficial channel (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA1EB0179B1D71B2060B67B1" box="[273,343,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[264,367,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[279,1305,820,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,809,1780]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864). A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171258/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
C), 70–304.9–700 µm thickness (N=45), multispicular primary fibres (60–200 µm thickness), fascicles 350–750 µm in diameter, secondary fibres 40–90 µm thickness, meshes 80–220 µm in diameter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6B6624BA1EB0179B04743805A76244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171258/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[279,1305,820,1764]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1EB0179B04743805A76244" blockId="13.[264,1322,1806,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1EB0179B04743806D96209" bold="true" box="[264,389,1806,1830]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1EB0179B98743904A96209" authority="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[404,1013,1807,1830]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1EB0179B987439052A6209" box="[404,630,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Neopetrosia proxima</emphasis>
(Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864)
</taxonomicName>
. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1DB0149B34722D042C6759" blockId="14.[264,1325,283,990]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149B34722D06C2641A" bold="true" box="[312,414,283,309]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spicules</emphasis>
. Oxeas (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA1DB014980B722A05056419" box="[519,601,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[264,367,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[279,1305,820,1764]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,809,1780]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864). A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171258/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
D): slightly curved, acerate or occasionally hastate. Measurements: 117.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149BA1727206856472" box="[429,473,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">147</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149BEC727206B36472" box="[480,495,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</emphasis>
–172.5 / 2.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149885727205C46472" box="[649,664,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149893727205F26472" box="[671,686,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</emphasis>
–5 µm (MCNPOR 5334); 121.9–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149E3D727203016472" box="[1073,1117,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">147</emphasis>
–165.6 / 2.3–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149EFB7272025A6472" box="[1271,1286,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149F01727202406472" box="[1293,1308,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7</emphasis>
– 6.9 µm (MCNPOR 5107); 89.7–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149897725A059B64AA" box="[667,711,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">132</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB01498C2725A058164AA" box="[718,733,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8</emphasis>
–161 / 2.3–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149960725A042764AA" box="[876,891,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB014998E725A04CD64AA" box="[898,913,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8</emphasis>
–5.8 µm (MCNPOR 5016); 125–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149B0472A206686482" box="[264,308,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">169</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149B3072A206166482" box="[316,330,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</emphasis>
–190 / 2.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149BD872A206BF6482" box="[468,483,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149BE772A206A66482" box="[491,506,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7</emphasis>
–6.3 µm (MCNPOR 5276); 105–136–157.5 / 3.8–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149E5A72A203396482" box="[1110,1125,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149E6072A203266482" box="[1132,1146,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8</emphasis>
–5 µm (MCN POR 3845); 142.6–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149BFB728A057F64FA" box="[503,547,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">153</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149826728A056564FA" box="[554,569,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</emphasis>
–163.3 / 3.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB01498D1728A05B064FA" box="[733,748,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB01498FF728A045E64FA" box="[755,770,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</emphasis>
–6.3 µm (MCNPOR 4967); 115–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149E96728A039A64FA" box="[1178,1222,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">133</emphasis>
–149.5 / 3.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149B3072D2061664D2" box="[316,330,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149B5D72D2063C64D2" box="[337,352,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</emphasis>
–6.9 µm (MCNPOR 4996); 131.1–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB014991772D2041B64D2" box="[795,839,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">141</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB014994272D2040164D2" box="[846,861,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</emphasis>
–151.8 / 2.3–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149E0B72D2034964D2" box="[1031,1045,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149E1172D2037064D2" box="[1053,1068,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</emphasis>
–4.6 µm (MCNPOR 5000); 117.3–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149BA3713A0687670A" box="[431,475,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">143</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149BEE713A06AD670A" box="[482,497,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1</emphasis>
–156.4 / 2.3–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB014989E713A05FD670A" box="[658,673,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB01498A4713A05EB670A" box="[680,695,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6</emphasis>
–5.8 µm (MCNPOR 4781); 115–145.5–182.5 / 1.3– 4.4–7.5 µm (MCNPOR 3814); 132.5–155.8–170 / 2.5–4.9–7.5 µm (MCNPOR 3823); 120–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149B4F716A0633675A" box="[323,367,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">154</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149B7A716A06D9675A" box="[374,389,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3</emphasis>
–197.5 / 2.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149813716A0572675A" box="[543,558,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149839716A0518675A" box="[565,580,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</emphasis>
–5 µm (MCNPOR 3791).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA1DB0149B3471B2049D6649" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1DB0149B3471B2049D6649" blockId="14.[264,1325,283,990]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149B3471B206F667B1" bold="true" box="[312,426,644,670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks</emphasis>
. Wellknown species in the Caribbean region and adjacent areas; often it is characterized by its hard consistency and also by the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1DB0149E0F719A03FA67EA" box="[1027,1190,684,709]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Parazoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149E0F719A03FA67EA" box="[1027,1190,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parazoanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the surface; our samples do not possess a sticky surface, maybe due to substances released during preservation. According to Zea (
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB014988271CA058C663A" box="[654,720,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">in litt</emphasis>
.), the samples studied here are very similar to the material that he studied, collected by
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1DB01498CF701204A86611" author="Collette" box="[707,1012,804,830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Collette, B. &amp; Rutzler, K. (1977) Reef fishes over sponge bottoms off the mouth of the Amazon River. Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Symposium, Miami, pp. 305 - 310." type="proceedings paper" year="1977">Collette &amp; Rützler (1977)</bibRefCitation>
and previously identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1DB0149B24707A069A664A" box="[296,454,844,869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149B24707A069A664A" box="[296,454,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Xestospongia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (now placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA1DB014992E707A04EC664A" box="[802,944,844,869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB014992E707A04EC664A" box="[802,944,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA1DB0149B34704204D366F1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA1DB0149B34704204D366F1" blockId="14.[264,1325,283,990]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA1DB0149B347042068D66A1" bold="true" box="[312,465,884,910]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution</emphasis>
. Caribbean:
<collectingCountry id="F303763CBA1DB0149865704205AA66A1" box="[617,758,884,910]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F303763CBA1DB0149911704204CD66A1" box="[797,913,884,910]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1DB01499AE7042034166A1" author="Zea" box="[930,1053,884,910]" pageId="14" pageNumber="22" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea, 1987</bibRefCitation>
; Van
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1DB0149E6C7042061A6699" author="Soest" pageId="14" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. Van &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados deep water sponges. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Soest &amp; Stentoft, 1988</bibRefCitation>
; Lehnert &amp; Van
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1DB014980070AA05C66699" author="Soest" box="[524,666,924,950]" pageId="14" pageNumber="21" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. Van. (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 46 (4), 53 - 81." type="journal article" year="1996">Soest, 1996</bibRefCitation>
). Brazilian coast: off the mouth of Amazon River (
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA1DB0149EFB70AA055F66F1" author="Collette" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Collette, B. &amp; Rutzler, K. (1977) Reef fishes over sponge bottoms off the mouth of the Amazon River. Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Symposium, Miami, pp. 305 - 310." type="proceedings paper" year="1977">Collette &amp; Rützler, 1977</bibRefCitation>
); Maranhão State (present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>