221 lines
24 KiB
XML
221 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="C69B41AA66E88061F153CF3D5875962D" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFFBF61589633272F902FD5A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nyctimene rabori Heaney & Peterson 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="121" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="D20A1D9BD78CC5B217A82F2A0EC7B0FE">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EF4CB609187CB4A247B5C7852099E24A">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1E556CE0A0D4EE01AD4560689FFC5959">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="2BB24D30862408B0AC20ED782C9B575A">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="67AA5FAA9207071AAC4C3CE682FE2465" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="205C55C15E0FD6475A4734B361128545">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="02FE25C39895A51298C4C75F9C692A89">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6CCA558145343C2361C1FA555E8439FC">
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<mods:title id="DDD233E8004B79789253267CC78A25AE">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="019B5A3C00D3E847EF73D97FBCBAE1FA">16</mods:start>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFFBF61589633272F902FD5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6788896" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379469" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6788896" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFFBF61589633272F902FD5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFFBF61589633272F902FD5A" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF61589633272FF68F907" box="[125,205,1646,1692]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF61589633272FF68F907" blockId="63.[121,1314,1646,1736]" box="[125,205,1646,1692]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFBF61589633272FF68F907" box="[125,205,1646,1692]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFFBF61589633272FF68F907" box="[125,205,1646,1692]" captionStart="Plate 6: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="57.[107,137,3293,3318]" captionTargetBox="[11,2749,17,3661]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="95. African Straw-colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum), 96. Madagascan Straw-colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon dupreanum), 98. Steadfast Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Paranyctimene tenax), 99. Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene aello), 100. Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene cyclotis), 101. Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene certans), 102. Happy Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene wrighiae), 103. Lesser Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene varius), 104. Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene albiventer), 105. Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene draconilla), 106. Demonic Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene masalai), 107. Malaita Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene malaitensis), 108. Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene vizcaccia), 109. Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene major), 110. Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene rabori), 111. Pallas’s Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene cephalotes), 112. Keast’s Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene keasti), 113. Queensland Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene robinsont)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448867/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">110.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF61589C03272FCD8F907" box="[222,893,1646,1692]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF61589C03272FCD8F907" blockId="63.[121,1314,1646,1736]" box="[222,893,1646,1692]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFBF61589C03272FCD8F907" box="[222,893,1646,1692]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFBF61589C03272FCD8F907" ID-CoL="485LR" authorityName="Heaney & Peterson" authorityYear="1984" box="[222,893,1646,1692]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabori">Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF6158ADC3272FB4CF907" box="[962,1257,1646,1692]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF6158ADC3272FB4CF907" blockId="63.[121,1314,1646,1736]" box="[962,1257,1646,1692]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFBF6158ADC3272FB4CF907" box="[962,1257,1646,1692]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF6158ADC3272FB4CF907" ID-CoL="485LR" authorityName="Heaney & Peterson" authorityYear="1984" box="[962,1257,1646,1692]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabori">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF6158ADC3272FB4CF907" box="[962,1257,1646,1692]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Nyctimene rabori</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF615896432B2FA84F958" box="[122,1313,1710,1731]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF615896432B2FA84F958" blockId="63.[121,1314,1646,1736]" box="[122,1313,1710,1731]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFBF615896432B2FA84F958" box="[122,1313,1710,1731]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF615896432B2FF63F958" bold="true" box="[122,198,1710,1731]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFBF61589D132B2FE7CF958" ID-CoL="485LR" authorityName="Heaney & Peterson" authorityYear="1984" box="[207,473,1710,1731]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabori">
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Nyctimene des
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFBF615887132B2FE7CF958" box="[367,473,1710,1731]" name="Philippines" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF61588F032B2FDEDF958" bold="true" box="[494,584,1710,1731]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFBF6158B4C32B2FC07F958" ID-CoL="485LR" authorityName="Heaney & Peterson" authorityYear="1984" box="[594,930,1710,1731]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabori">Philippinen-Réhrennasenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF6158AA632B2FBB6F958" bold="true" box="[952,1043,1710,1731]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFBF6158D0332B2FA84F958" ID-CoL="485LR" authorityName="Heaney & Peterson" authorityYear="1984" box="[1053,1313,1710,1731]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabori">
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Nyctimeno de las
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFBF6158DCD32B2FA84F958" box="[1235,1313,1710,1731]" name="Philippines" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Filipinas</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF6158BC032EDFC36F8A2" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF6158BC032EDFC36F8A2" blockId="63.[734,1327,1777,2205]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF6158BC032EDFCDCF889" bold="true" box="[734,889,1777,1810]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF6158A9632EDFC2BF8A2" ID-CoL="485LR" authority="Heaney & Peterson, 1984" authorityName="Heaney & Peterson" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabori">
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Nyctimene rabori Heaney & Peterson,
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFBF6158A523304FC2BF8A2" box="[844,910,1816,1849]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9845999999999997" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" unit="km" value="1984.6">1984</quantity>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF6158ABF3304FB4AF82B" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF6158ABF3304FB4AF82B" blockId="63.[734,1327,1777,2205]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFFBF6158ABF3304FB4AF82B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391422" latitude="9.35" longitude="10.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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6 km W of Dumaguete City, Balinsasaye: (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE30502BFFFBF6158A813358FBA4F8FA" box="[927,1025,1860,1889]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" precision="925" value="9.35">9°21'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE30502BFFFBF6158D013358FB05F8FA" box="[1055,1184,1860,1889]" degrees="123" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" precision="55555" value="10.0">123° 10°E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFBF6158DD83358FA82F8FA" box="[1222,1319,1860,1889]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="835.0">835 m</quantity>
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, Sibulan Municipality,
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFBF6158D29337BFCFEF82B" country="Philippines" name="Negros Oriental" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Negros Oriental Province</collectingRegion>
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, Negros Islands,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFBF6158D543393FB4FF82B" box="[1098,1258,1935,1968]" name="Philippines" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF6158BC133A7FABFF7EE" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF6158BC133A7FABFF7EE" blockId="63.[734,1327,1777,2205]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF6158BC133A7FC13F843" authorityName="Heaney & Peterson" authorityYear="1984" box="[735,950,1979,2008]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rabori">Nyctimene rabori</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF6158D5933A7FB64F843" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1767" box="[1095,1217,1979,2008]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalotes">cephalotes</taxonomicName>
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species group. Some authors have speculated that it is a synonym of N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF6158D143C19FB20F7BD" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1767" box="[1034,1157,2053,2086]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalotes">cephalotes</taxonomicName>
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, but it is retained as a distinct species here until additional research is conducted. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF6158BC03C60FDD7F689" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFFBF6158BC03C60FDD7F689" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803800/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" startId="63.[734,906,2172,2205]" targetBox="[119,709,1791,2205]" targetPageId="63">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF6158BC03C60FDD7F689" blockId="63.[734,1327,1777,2205]" lastBlockId="63.[118,1327,2211,3469]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF6158BC03C60FC2BF706" bold="true" box="[734,910,2172,2205]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Visayas on C
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFBF6158D913C60FA88F706" box="[1167,1325,2172,2205]" name="Philippines" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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(Sibuyan,
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFBF61588163CBFFEF6F75F" box="[264,339,2211,2244]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Cebu</collectingRegion>
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, Negros, and probably Panay Is), and tentatively on Talaud Is (Karakelong I), and Sangihe Is (
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFBF61588D23CD6FDA2F770" box="[460,519,2250,2283]" name="Thailand" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Siao</collectingCountry>
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and Greater Sangihe); it may have a much wider distribution across much of the
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFBF61588D03CEDFDCBF689" box="[462,622,2289,2322]" name="Philippines" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF61589673D3EFBE6F441" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF61589673D3EFBE6F441" blockId="63.[118,1327,2211,3469]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF61589673D3EFED4F6A0" bold="true" box="[121,369,2338,2363]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body c.
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFBF6158B253D3EFD48F6A0" box="[571,749,2338,2363]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.185" metricValueMax="1.24" metricValueMin="1.13" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="118.5" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="113.0">113-124 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFBF6158A273D3EFC6EF6A0" box="[825,971,2338,2363]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="19.0">19-30 mm</quantity>
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||
, ear
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFBF6158D0F3D3EFB06F6A0" box="[1041,1187,2338,2363]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="18.0">18-21 mm</quantity>
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||
, hindfoot
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFBF61589623D5DFEB6F6F9" box="[124,275,2369,2402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="16.0">16-21 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFBF61588B83D5DFD9BF6F9" box="[422,574,2369,2402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="77.0" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="73.0">73-81 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFBF6158BA23D5DFC88F6F9" box="[700,813,2369,2402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.7" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" unit="g" value="67.0" valueMax="74.0" valueMin="60.0">60-74 g</quantity>
|
||
. Head of the Philippine Tube-nose Fruit Bat is broad, with deep face, broad, bluntly pointed ears, and tubular divergent nostrils. Eyes are large, with amberirises. Pelage is thick and woolly. Females are generally lighter than males, and young are intermediate in color. Dorsal pelage is light (females) to dark (males) brown, with distinctive thin dark blackish brown mid-dorsal stripe (
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFBF61589C73E1BFEE9F5B3" box="[217,332,2567,2600]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3—4 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick) stretching from shoulders to rump. Head is more golden brown, and neck 1s brownish gray. Ventral pelage is light brown (females) to chocolate-brown (males). There is yellow spotting on wings, legs, and ears (ears sometimes not spotted); wings are brown to yellowish brown (substantially darker in males). Second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are dark brown. Skull and mandible are robust, rostrum is short, sagittal crest is well developed, postorbital processes are strong, zygomatic arch is strongly arched dorsally, and posterior margin of palate is rounded and U-shaped. Single lower incisor is completely deciduous, falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C, replaces incisors and is long and powerful; P,is elongated and longer than P, and P; and P* has very weak labial posterior cusp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF61589663FFDFDABF3CA" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF61589663FFDFDABF3CA" blockId="63.[118,1327,2211,3469]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF61589663FFDFF42F399" bold="true" box="[120,231,3041,3074]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary and secondary forests, typically near water bodies, from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFBF615886A3814FE40F3B2" box="[372,485,3080,3113]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
|
||
. The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat occurs in degraded habitat on Negros and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFBF61588A0382CFDAFF3CA" box="[446,522,3120,3153]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Cebu</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF6158966384BFEB3F33B" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF6158966384BFEB3F33B" blockId="63.[118,1327,2211,3469]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF6158966384BFE2AF3E3" bold="true" box="[120,399,3159,3192]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat mainly eats figs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF6158DFC384BFA82F3E3" box="[1250,1319,3159,3192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFBF6158967389FFEACF33B" box="[121,265,3203,3232]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF615896638B6FD51F375" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF615896638B6FD51F375" blockId="63.[118,1327,2211,3469]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF615896638B6FF5BF35C" bold="true" box="[120,254,3242,3271]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproduction of the Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat occurs in May-June. Two young were captured in March on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFBF6158BBA38D1FD55F375" box="[676,752,3277,3310]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Cebu</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF615896838E9FC5CF28D" box="[118,1017,3317,3350]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF615896838E9FC5CF28D" blockId="63.[118,1327,2211,3469]" box="[118,1017,3317,3350]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF615896838E9FEC7F28D" bold="true" box="[118,354,3317,3350]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Philippine Tube-nose Fruit Bats are nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF61589663900FB81F2A6" box="[120,1060,3356,3389]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF61589663900FB81F2A6" blockId="63.[118,1327,2211,3469]" box="[120,1060,3356,3389]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF61589663900FC90F2A6" bold="true" box="[120,821,3356,3389]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF61589663958F931FDD1" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF61589663958F931FDD1" blockId="63.[118,1327,2211,3469]" lastBlockId="63.[1397,2605,277,710]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF61589663958FE45F2FE" bold="true" box="[120,480,3396,3429]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat has a restricted distribution and is considered rare. Total population based on current known distribution and abundance estimates is probably less than 2500 individuals. It was previously thought to only occur in highquality primary forest, but it seems to tolerate degraded habitats on Negros and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFBF6158C663597FA60FE37" box="[1400,1477,395,428]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Cebu</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Greatest threat is deforestation that has already destroyed much of its island habitat (especially
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFBF6158F9035AEF945FE48" box="[1678,1760,434,467]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Cebu</collectingRegion>
|
||
). Deforestation rates have slowed in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFBF615805B35AEF64DFE48" box="[2373,2536,434,467]" name="Philippines" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but only because there is such little forest left to cut down. Additional surveys and studies are needed to determine the full extent of its distribution and understand its ecology and threats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFBF6158C693645F902FD5A" pageId="63" pageNumber="121" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFBF6158C693645F902FD5A" blockId="63.[1397,2605,277,710]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFBF6158C693645F9B5FDE9" bold="true" box="[1399,1552,601,626]" pageId="63" pageNumber="121">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Alburo (2017), Bennett et al. (1997), Bergmans (2001), Carino (2004), Heaney & Peterson (1984), Ong, Rosell-Ambal, Tabaranza, Heaney, Ingle et al. (2008), Paguntalan & Jakosalem (2008), Utzurrum (1995), Vinciguerra & Muller (1993).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |