200 lines
21 KiB
XML
200 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="7D620E126C5C5BD9A75E707052AD2275" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFF1F61F896831BBFD60F3B8" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Dobsonia exoleta K. Andersen 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="111" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="111" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="7FD1E9C26D36D17B772AB53A2379942A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4D3E764D08565FF15D0271A7D252C87B">
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<mods:title id="C8798865FF4917C218AD02ACEF569E47">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7B89B46439682CB7A431B1821C93EAF5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FCF0A6ED4AC15ED47681171FC5461602">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1D287B35A1CE2B70D1730054821574BA">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="DE9A5BCF15F010B19E9C521223753085" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B88684CDCC2C32C0D3BFF803C328ACC2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2BE47B5A551C9118DA040B8FE3D344FC">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BED66B2BD310CAFDFE637E971EF45F75">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="7D6DEA8039A8D19BD9C89AD58AE27168">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="35B961E8AC9298F5503C6E37F5A0A712" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="D3B03DDC9277D08AEC6808823E5F932B">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="3B32C21218A10A99FC787C93B5279FC6">
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<mods:placeTerm id="2024396BF5972EEA96175A86F9D92DC2">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A1A230035A620BA3E1920060338CA1D4">
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<mods:title id="4D1A1C7763C534357D7F67F1D7310B31">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="AC2B5EB32E20E03B29FC41C6594D2844">
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<mods:extent id="3A6847B792EC2B5808B68E470EE5F120" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="626D1308C3036E4B654A2F6831E05A89">16</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="EBD857D6652668DF27B21E697579B7CB">162</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="160F7D039C729B68C8D40AA4D79BFCC5">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="75FE288B5EBD7DDEDF5D2760642124D3" type="CLB-Dataset">88683</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8F1E7805CEFC39F22180D8206F692E7A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="60609F2281BCBA6807B151A9AD377CB2" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFF1F61F896831BBFD60F3B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448999" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379309" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFF1F61F896831BBFD60F3B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFF1F61F896831BBFD60F3B8" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F896831BBFF0AFA4A" box="[118,175,1447,1489]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F896831BBFF0AFA4A" blockId="53.[116,1235,1447,1533]" box="[118,175,1447,1489]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF1F61F896831BBFF0AFA4A" box="[118,175,1447,1489]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFF1F61F896831BBFF0AFA4A" box="[118,175,1447,1489]" captionStart="Plate 5: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="45.[123,153,3243,3268]" captionTargetBox="[12,2751,17,3662]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="73. Lesser Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus minimus), 74. Greater Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus sobrinus), 75. Southern Blossom Bat (Syconycteris australis), 76. Halmaheran Blossom Bat (Syconycteris carolinae), 77. Moss-forest Blossom Bat (Syconycteris hobbit), 78. Manado Fruit Bat (Boneia bidens), 79. Sulawesi Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris celebensis), 80. Philippine Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris whitehead), 81. Bulmer’s Fruit Bat (Aproteles bulmerae), 82. Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia minor), 83. Moluccan Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia moluccensis), 84. Western Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia peronu), 86. Panniet Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia pannietensis), 87. Philippine Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia chapmani), 88. Biak Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia emersa), 89. Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia exoleta), 90. Greenish Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia viridis), 91. Beaufort’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia beauforti), 92. Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia crenulata), 93. Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia inermis), 94. New Britain Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia praedatrix)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448853/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">89.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F89DF31BBFCCFFA4A" box="[193,874,1447,1489]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F89DF31BBFCCFFA4A" blockId="53.[116,1235,1447,1533]" box="[193,874,1447,1489]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF1F61F89DF31BBFCCFFA4A" box="[193,874,1447,1489]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF1F61F89DF31BBFCCFFA4A" ID-CoL="372KJ" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[193,874,1447,1489]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exoleta">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F89DF31BBFEC8FA4A" box="[193,365,1447,1489]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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Naked-backed Fruit Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F8A8431BBFB76FA4A" box="[922,1235,1447,1489]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F8A8431BBFB76FA4A" blockId="53.[116,1235,1447,1533]" box="[922,1235,1447,1489]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF1F61F8A8431BBFB76FA4A" box="[922,1235,1447,1489]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF1F61F8A8431BBFB76FA4A" ID-CoL="372KJ" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[922,1235,1447,1489]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exoleta">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F8A8431BBFB76FA4A" box="[922,1235,1447,1489]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Dobsonia exoleta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F896831FFFB14FA63" box="[118,1201,1507,1528]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F896831FFFB14FA63" blockId="53.[116,1235,1447,1533]" box="[118,1201,1507,1528]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF1F61F896831FFFB14FA63" box="[118,1201,1507,1528]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F896831FFFF64FA63" bold="true" box="[118,193,1507,1528]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF1F61F89D531FFFE13FA63" ID-CoL="372KJ" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[203,438,1507,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exoleta">Roussette de Minahasa</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F88D531FFFD80FA63" bold="true" box="[459,549,1507,1528]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF1F61F8B3131FFFCC4FA63" ID-CoL="372KJ" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[559,865,1507,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exoleta">Sulawesi-Nacktrlickenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F8A6931FFFC77FA63" bold="true" box="[887,978,1507,1528]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF1F61F8AC231FFFB14FA63" ID-CoL="372KJ" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[988,1201,1507,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exoleta">
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Dobsonia de
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F8D7F31FFFB14FA63" box="[1121,1201,1507,1528]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Célebes</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F8BC73236FC86F9F5" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F8BC73236FC86F9F5" blockId="53.[729,1322,1578,2001]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F8BC73236FCD0F9DC" bold="true" box="[729,885,1578,1607]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF1F61F8A983236FCBAF9F5" ID-CoL="372KJ" authority="K. Andersen, 1909" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exoleta">Dobsonia exoleta K. Andersen, 1909</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F8A20324DFC77F90F" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F8A20324DFC77F90F" blockId="53.[729,1322,1578,2001]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFF1F61F8A20324DFC77F90F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391389" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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“Tomohon, Minahassa,”
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F8DAB324DFA8CF9F5" box="[1205,1321,1617,1646]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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Island,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF1F61F8A5C326BFC6AF90F" box="[834,975,1655,1684]" name="Indonesia" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F8BC432BCFBE1F926" box="[730,1092,1696,1725]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F8BC432BCFBE1F926" blockId="53.[729,1322,1578,2001]" box="[730,1092,1696,1725]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F8BC432DFFB14F8C0" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFF1F61F8BC432DFFB14F8C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803764/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" startId="53.[730,902,1731,1764]" targetBox="[115,705,1588,2001]" targetPageId="53">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F8BC432DFFB14F8C0" blockId="53.[729,1322,1578,2001]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F8BC432DFFC2FF97F" bold="true" box="[730,906,1731,1764]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F8A8332DFFBB4F97F" box="[925,1041,1731,1764]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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(including Togian and Muna Is) and Sula Is (Mangole, Sanana); it probably occurs on all of Togian Isand possibly occurs on Buton I.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F8BC43342FEB4F6AE" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F8BC43342FEB4F6AE" blockId="53.[729,1322,1578,2001]" lastBlockId="53.[115,1323,2008,3107]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F8BC43342FC53F81F" bold="true" box="[730,1014,1886,1924]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF1F61F8DF63342FCF6F831" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" metricValueMax="1.8199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="166.0" valueMax="182.0" valueMin="150.0">150- 182 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF1F61F8ABE3391FB9EF831" box="[928,1083,1933,1962]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="23.0">23-34 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF1F61F8D963391FA86F831" box="[1160,1315,1933,1962]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="21.0">21-28 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF1F61F8A6533A8FB8FF84A" box="[891,1066,1972,2001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="28.0">28-41 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF1F61F8DF633A8FF4BF862" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.145" metricValueMax="1.24" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="114.5" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="105.0">105- 124 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF1F61F887333C4FDA4F862" box="[365,513,2008,2041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.185" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="1.6199999999999999" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" unit="g" value="218.5" valueMax="275.0" valueMin="162.0">162-275 g</quantity>
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. Greatest skull lengths are 46-1-54-
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF1F61F8D1133C4FBCDF862" box="[1039,1128,2008,2041]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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. Head of the
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F896B33E3FF4BF7BB" box="[117,238,2047,2080]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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Naked-backed Fruit Bat is blackish brown; venter is bright yellow. Nape of neck and underside of wings have amber or dark olive-green hairs. Most body fur has greenish wash. Wings attach along midline of back with underlying fur. Short tail is free of narrow uropatagium that runs along legs to shortstiff calcars. Nostrils are slightly tubular, and each flares outward from centerline. Anterointernal corner of I is undifferentiated. Baculum is V-shaped, pointed at distal end; point is broad and thickened; and legs of proximal end are broad, flat, and curve downward.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F896B3D27FCC3F61F" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F896B3D27FCC3F61F" blockId="53.[115,1323,2008,3107]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F896B3D27FF46F6C7" bold="true" box="[117,227,2363,2396]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary lowland forest and disturbed habitats. The
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F8AFE3D27FBF1F6C7" box="[992,1108,2363,2396]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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Naked-backed Fruit Bat can tolerate being commensal with humans.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F896A3D96FE03F661" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F896A3D96FE03F661" blockId="53.[115,1323,2008,3107]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F896A3D96FEDEF630" bold="true" box="[116,379,2442,2475]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F88D43D96FD9BF630" box="[458,574,2442,2475]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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Naked-backed Fruit Bat is frugivorous. It likely feeds on native figs and will feed on ripe breadfruit (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF1F61F8A0C3DAEFC05F648" box="[786,928,2482,2515]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Artocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
communis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF1F61F8D223DAEFB63F648" box="[1084,1222,2482,2515]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) growing in village gardens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F896A3E1DFA81F503" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F896A3E1DFA81F503" blockId="53.[115,1323,2008,3107]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F896A3E1DFF5DF5B9" bold="true" box="[116,248,2561,2594]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Female
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F88703E1DFE45F5B9" box="[366,480,2561,2594]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Naked-backed Fruit Bats in third trimester of pregnancy were reported in April, and synchronized parturition is reported in May. Adult males have large descended testes in January-April. Young volant individuals have been observed in November—February and April-August on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F8BF63E6BFCF9F503" box="[744,860,2679,2712]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, suggesting two birth peaks/year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F896D3E83FEB3F57C" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F896D3E83FEB3F57C" blockId="53.[115,1323,2008,3107]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F896D3E83FEC4F55B" bold="true" box="[115,353,2719,2752]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F886E3E83FE41F55B" box="[368,484,2719,2752]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Naked-backed Fruit Bats are nocturnal and roost in limestone caves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F896A3EEDFB2DF4AD" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F896A3EEDFB2DF4AD" blockId="53.[115,1323,2008,3107]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F896A3EEDFC9BF495" bold="true" box="[116,830,2801,2830]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F8A523EEDFC65F495" box="[844,960,2801,2830]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Naked-backed Fruit Bats are gregarious and form colonies of hundreds to thousands of individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F896B3F20FC88F44F" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F896B3F20FC88F44F" blockId="53.[115,1323,2008,3107]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F896B3F20FE45F4C6" bold="true" box="[117,480,2876,2909]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF1F61F896B3F70FF4CF41E" box="[117,233,2924,2949]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Naked-backed Fruit Batis relatively widespread and common, often occurring in association with humans, and it faces no major threats, although hunting for food might contribute to some localized declines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF1F61F896B3FFBFD60F3B8" pageId="53" pageNumber="111" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF1F61F896B3FFBFD60F3B8" blockId="53.[115,1323,2008,3107]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF1F61F896B3FFBFEABF467" bold="true" box="[117,270,3047,3068]" pageId="53" pageNumber="111">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bergmans & Sarbini (1985), Corbet & Hill (1992), De Jong & Bergmans (1981), Flannery (1995a), Hill (1983), Hutson, Helgen, Kingston & Sinaga (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |