199 lines
23 KiB
XML
199 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="FFD29C81CC3B90B8EFED49C613738586" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFDEF6308CB5379EF5FBF3C9" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Eonycteris major K. Andersen 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="698B8DD867BF3ACF7A588911A6D2C34E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2F81974F938903799CC23E592B057BC3">
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<mods:title id="67308F9A632B4F3757EDA2C7A5469048">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="49A7F633156BFAA9A348B2394A25DF4A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4BEF073EDF49A4CDB3A066CA6ADDA660">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8D1F5EE5D0DD98B10F7F7F9749ADF36">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F494A6FF4028BBBB8BAF019E0C75CED9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="B459ADB86EAAE76320D8EDDB1243E135">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="CB85EAB73D3D1273206B3B015CFA5160" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="D83760A37F82CEF4A7395B62A2A99DD4">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="9304A168FC2DE2B9023F95017058E94A">
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<mods:placeTerm id="DE348A5F086E635652659E3F5713A9EB">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="FD771432E2F52749C6F8DA53F7998972">
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<mods:title id="30B5A56A759CDE436EE7ED6B3F12D6E5">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0AD7CBF8C66EB04965B6564CB67C5C49">
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<mods:start id="E5F3806C0CEF99B9FD56ABFA85845481">16</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="9F986D2F74DC5ECDF5C74D544610B9BE">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7846B3091FE07C461B336FAEE188ECD4" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFDEF6308CB5379EF5FBF3C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448905" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379280" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448905" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFDEF6308CB5379EF5FBF3C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFDEF6308CB5379EF5FBF3C9" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CB5379EFA46FC2B" box="[1451,1507,898,944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CB5379EFA46FC2B" blockId="26.[1448,2409,898,985]" box="[1451,1507,898,944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFDEF6308CB5379EFA46FC2B" box="[1451,1507,898,944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFDEF6308CB5379EFA46FC2B" box="[1451,1507,898,944]" captionStart="Plate 3: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="23.[116,146,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[13,2758,18,3662]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="32. Zenker’s Fruit Bat (Scotonycteris zenkeri), 33. Hayman’s Fruit Bat (Scotonycteris occidentalis), 34. Bergmans’s Fruit Bat (Scotonycteris bergmansi), 35. Short-palated Fruit Bat (Casinycteris argynnas), 36. Pohle’s Fruit Bat (Casinycteris ophiodon), 37. Campo-Ma’an Fruit Bat (Casinycteris campomaanensis), 38. Lesser Dawn Bat (Eonycteris spelaea), 39. Greater Dawn Bat (Eonycteris major), 40. Philippine Dawn Bat (Eonycteris robusta), 41. Geoffroy’s Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus), 42. Bare-backed Rousette (Rousettus spinalatus), 43. Leschenault’s Rousette (Rousettus leschenaultin), 44. Linduan Rousette (Rousettus linduensis), 45. Sulawesi Rousette (Rousettus celebensis), 46. Egyptian Rousette (Rousettus aegyptiacus), 47. Malagasy Rousette (Rousettus madagascariensis), 48. Comoro Rousette (Rousettus obliviosus), 49. Long-haired Fruit Bat (Stenonycteris lanosus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448843/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">39.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CEB379EF8CEFC2B" box="[1525,1899,898,944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CEB379EF8CEFC2B" blockId="26.[1448,2409,898,985]" box="[1525,1899,898,944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFDEF6308CEB379EF8CEFC2B" box="[1525,1899,898,944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDEF6308CEB379EF8CEFC2B" ID-CoL="6FJ9R" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1910" box="[1525,1899,898,944]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Greater Dawn Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308EB2379EF776FC2B" box="[1964,2259,898,944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308EB2379EF776FC2B" blockId="26.[1448,2409,898,985]" box="[1964,2259,898,944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFDEF6308EB2379EF776FC2B" box="[1964,2259,898,944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF6308EB2379EF776FC2B" ID-CoL="6FJ9R" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1910" box="[1964,2259,898,944]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308EB2379EF776FC2B" box="[1964,2259,898,944]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Eonycteris major</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CB437DDF6CCFC4D" box="[1450,2409,961,982]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CB437DDF6CCFC4D" blockId="26.[1448,2409,898,985]" box="[1450,2409,961,982]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFDEF6308CB437DDF6CCFC4D" box="[1450,2409,961,982]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308CB437DDFA50FC4D" bold="true" box="[1450,1525,961,982]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDEF6308CE037DDF900FC4D" ID-CoL="6FJ9R" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1910" box="[1534,1701,961,982]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Grand Eonyctére</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308FA437DDF8B0FC4D" bold="true" box="[1722,1813,961,982]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDEF6308E0137DDF79AFC4D" ID-CoL="6FJ9R" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1910" box="[1823,2111,961,982]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Borneo-Langzungenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF630814A37DDF715FC4D" bold="true" box="[2132,2224,961,982]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDEF63081A437DDF6CCFC4D" ID-CoL="6FJ9R" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1910" box="[2234,2409,961,982]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Eonicterio grande</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308110301BF7FDFBD0" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308110301BF7FDFBD0" blockId="26.[2062,2658,1031,1454]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308110301BF70FFBBF" bold="true" box="[2062,2218,1031,1060]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF63081A2301BF7F6FBD0" ID-CoL="6FJ9R" authority="K. Andersen, 1910" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">Eonycteris major K. Andersen, 1910</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF630817A3001F6CAFBE8" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF630817A3001F6CAFBE8" blockId="26.[2062,2658,1031,1454]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFDEF630817A3001F6CAFBE8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391443" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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“MtDulit, N. Borneo [
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDEF63080B93001F5B8FBD0" box="[2471,2589,1053,1099]" name="Malaysia" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDEF63083333001F7C5FBE8" name="Malaysia" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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], 2000’ [=
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDEF63081E8304AF6F6FBE8" box="[2294,2387,1110,1139]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="610.0">610 m</quantity>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF630810E3065F5F4FA35" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF630810E3065F5F4FA35" blockId="26.[2062,2658,1031,1454]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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Some researchers included
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF63080823065F5B8FB01" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1913" box="[2460,2589,1145,1178]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">E. robusta</taxonomicName>
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as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF63081D630BCF697FB5A" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1910" box="[2248,2354,1184,1217]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">E. major</taxonomicName>
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, but they are morphologically distinct based on cranial features and generally recognized as distinct species. Individuals from the Mentawai Islands might represent a large form of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF63080FD3127F5C7FAC6" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[2531,2658,1339,1373]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">E. spelaea</taxonomicName>
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or an undescribed subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF63080F4317AF5FBFA1C" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1910" box="[2538,2654,1382,1415]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">E. major</taxonomicName>
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additionalresearch is needed. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CB431A7F690FA43" box="[1450,2357,1467,1496]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFDEF6308CB431A7F690FA43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803658" box="[1450,2357,1467,1496]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803658/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" startId="26.[1450,1622,1467,1496]" targetBox="[1447,2039,1040,1454]" targetPageId="26">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CB431A7F690FA43" blockId="26.[1450,2663,1467,3154]" box="[1450,2357,1467,1496]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308CB431A7F9FEFA43" bold="true" box="[1450,1627,1467,1496]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Borneo and Mentawai Is (Sipora and North Pagai).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CB431F9F936F775" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CB431F9F936F775" blockId="26.[1450,2663,1467,3154]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308CB431F9F908FA65" bold="true" box="[1450,1709,1509,1534]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDEF6308E6A31F9F78AFA65" box="[1908,2095,1509,1534]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.24" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="127.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="124.0">124-130 mm</quantity>
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, tail 18-0-26-
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDEF63081E631F9F6F7FA65" box="[2296,2386,1509,1534]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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, ear 18-
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDEF63080D131F9F5FCFA65" box="[2511,2649,1509,1534]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="2.0">2-21 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot 14-6-15-
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDEF6308FB23219F8A4F9BD" box="[1708,1793,1541,1574]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDEF6308E8E3219F783F9BD" box="[1936,2086,1541,1574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="73.0" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="61.0">61-85 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDEF63081803219F6ABF9BD" box="[2206,2318,1541,1574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.45" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="9.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" unit="g" value="94.5" valueMax="98.0" valueMin="91.0">91-98 g</quantity>
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||
. The Greater Dawn Bat has elongated narrow snout and head, long pointed tongue, and no claw on second digit of wing. Muzzle is longer and more downturned than in the Lesser Dawn Bat (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF6308CA63267F9E7F907" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1464,1602,1659,1692]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Eonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spelaea">E. spelaea</taxonomicName>
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), and it also lacks paired anal glands, has darker pelage, somewhat longer tail, and larger average size. Males seem larger on average than females. Dorsal pelage is dark blackish brown and relatively uniform across head, neck, back, and arms. Ventral pelage is paler blackish brown. Ears are bluntly pointed, medium in length, and dark brown; eyes are large, with dark reddish-brown irises. Wings, legs, and uropatagium are blackish brown. Arms are lightly covered in brown hairs. Tail is short, covered sparsely with hairs, and dark brownish; uropatagium attaches at base of tail and short keel at ankles, giving V-shaped gap where tail is. Second digit of wing lacks a claw, and metacarpals offifth digit are much shorter than metacarpals of third digit; skin over wing bones is pigmented. Skull is elongated, with long rostrum; anterior premaxillae are in contact or slightly divided; and braincase is heavily deflected downward. Teeth are sharp and not as reduced as in some nectarfeeding bats, although molars and premolars have considerably reduced cusps and are narrow and elongated. Upper incisors are small and triangular, C' is relatively massive (larger than in the Lesser Dawn Bat), and C, is small, simple, and heavily curved outward.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CB33CEFF5E4F6F8" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CB33CEFF5E4F6F8" blockId="26.[1450,2663,1467,3154]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308CB33CEFF9B9F68F" bold="true" box="[1453,1564,2291,2324]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primarily primary forests (largely confined to higher elevations) and lowland dipterocarp forest from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDEF63081D53D07F698F6A7" box="[2251,2365,2331,2364]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
||
. Greater Dawn Bats occur sympatrically with Lesser Dawn Bats but in very low densities when sympatric.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CB33D75F87CF640" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CB33D75F87CF640" blockId="26.[1450,2663,1467,3154]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308CB33D75F911F611" bold="true" box="[1453,1716,2409,2442]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Greater Dawn Bat feeds on nectar and pollen of various flowering plants, probably feeding heavily on some agriculturally important species (e.g
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF6308CB13DDEFA5CF640" box="[1455,1529,2498,2523]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Musa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF6308F173DDEF934F640" box="[1545,1681,2498,2523]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF6308FC73DDEF881F640" box="[1753,1828,2498,2523]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Durio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Durio</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF6308E2A3DDEF869F640" box="[1844,1996,2498,2523]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CB33DFDF881F599" box="[1453,1828,2529,2562]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CB33DFDF881F599" blockId="26.[1450,2663,1467,3154]" box="[1453,1828,2529,2562]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308CB33DFDF991F599" bold="true" box="[1453,1588,2529,2562]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CB23E14F5A7F5CB" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CB23E14F5A7F5CB" blockId="26.[1450,2663,1467,3154]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308CB23E14F933F5B2" bold="true" box="[1452,1686,2568,2601]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Greater Dawn Bats are nocturnal, foraging throughout the night and roosting throughout the day. They roost in caves and occasionally hollow trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CB03E4BF706F48D" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CB03E4BF706F48D" blockId="26.[1450,2663,1467,3154]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308CB03E4BF7D0F5E3" bold="true" box="[1454,2165,2647,2680]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Greater Dawn Bats are gregarious and roost in colonies of several hundred individuals. They share roosts with Lesser Dawn Bats and probably Geoffroy’s Rousettes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDEF63081463EBAF61AF55C" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1810" box="[2136,2495,2726,2759]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amplexicaudatus">Rousettus amplexicaudatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Fifteen to 20 earwigs (Scizochelisoches sp.), possibly feeding on ectoparasites, were found ventrally near base of the tail of a Greater Dawn Bat in Borneo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CB13F00F7C2F398" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CB13F00F7C2F398" blockId="26.[1450,2663,1467,3154]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308CB13F00F8AEF4A6" bold="true" box="[1455,1803,2844,2877]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. The Greater Dawn Batis considered rare throughoutits distribution and occurs at low population densities, being known from relatively few records. It might be sensitive to roost disturbance and deforestation due to its strong association with primary forests. Despite its low densities, it might not be threatened, but considerable research is needed to understand its ecology,life history, and threats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDEF6308CAE380DF5FBF3C9" pageId="26" pageNumber="84" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDEF6308CAE380DF5FBF3C9" blockId="26.[1450,2663,1467,3154]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDEF6308CAE380DF9ECF3B1" bold="true" box="[1456,1609,3089,3114]" pageId="26" pageNumber="84">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bates, Bumrungsri, Francis, Gumal & Sinaga (2008), Corbet & Hill (1992), Kumaran, Ketol et al. (2016), Kumaran, Khan & Abdullah (2005), Payne et al. (1985), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Wilting et al. (2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |