251 lines
30 KiB
XML
251 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="DDA63425A7E8E25B2A92C5B81633144E" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFDBF635899E325EF793F6C5" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Stenonycteris lanosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
|
||
<mods:mods id="84E14F161C9F42A16A626772A74C1C6E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5DC8850448E07C3E26592C8F9A1E4043">
|
||
<mods:title id="A7598020F90792F59EE6C54322D39F74">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F2CFF11250503D620A75E4D4D6E81660" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C9B69577BDDED37F2FF03C77200D6580">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2A131E9CC1E3CF7F755DB64EAAD28B7D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4C48C0794454AA802E60FE11F7ADEA15">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="389D76253AE1C5E6ECAEBE42B538E94E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="CC7EB634A016A16D12963A07D2B10F93">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F1E266C149ECD529EE49150A4A0CF0A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F5725E2102242618327C2BE6792BE893">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1A59A2715F3492FEB78A591182175322">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="C4D7E77840AA66910E35E34F923DD33B" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="D6FF7FA57E38335993AB1C112106496B">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="2546120F4CE51CAD646F654C2E684B81">2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="3AB6ECC61A07F7B2C2476FB74A2D4AC3" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="FEF9B7D620039E543F580371B5151964">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="328FA2D7C503458947030E883D1A2B1C">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="1FDEE3E0E80CC7726B3A05D68E69C01A">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="51F384309D3099103358DE2E92E824A6">
|
||
<mods:title id="9C1A04027DCB92A807B604E322565334">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3FB4543F9DFAC9183B84C805B55391C1">
|
||
<mods:extent id="87E5020B6CC175A924A98FF205F316AD" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="C4FF356E408E512AA7A2250E88935C74">16</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="2BD151881616D6539BB2FDC4701D8EFA">162</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="BF329A1113AB96D3F1D93A2780FC684D">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="14743F21B7932D71975883C84E56E604" type="CLB-Dataset">88683</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7599956E33FD5F29A2C281A49D617BB7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9E730E8A5F9AAC3C78DFF13B92E5CA19" type="GBIF-Dataset">bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="140BB9D2CDF9E9813CE2BF31FF386DC8" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DFF6B404172979890DB3AB1495462BD2" type="Zenodo-Dep">6448815</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03AD87FAFFDBF635899E325EF793F6C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448933" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379336" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFDBF635899E325EF793F6C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFDBF635899E325EF793F6C5" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF635899E325EFF1FF9EB" box="[128,186,1602,1648]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF635899E325EFF1FF9EB" blockId="31.[126,1102,1602,1732]" box="[128,186,1602,1648]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<heading id="D0F38180FFDBF635899E325EFF1FF9EB" box="[128,186,1602,1648]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFDBF635899E325EFF1FF9EB" box="[128,186,1602,1648]" captionStart="Plate 3: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="23.[116,146,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[13,2758,18,3662]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="32. Zenker’s Fruit Bat (Scotonycteris zenkeri), 33. Hayman’s Fruit Bat (Scotonycteris occidentalis), 34. Bergmans’s Fruit Bat (Scotonycteris bergmansi), 35. Short-palated Fruit Bat (Casinycteris argynnas), 36. Pohle’s Fruit Bat (Casinycteris ophiodon), 37. Campo-Ma’an Fruit Bat (Casinycteris campomaanensis), 38. Lesser Dawn Bat (Eonycteris spelaea), 39. Greater Dawn Bat (Eonycteris major), 40. Philippine Dawn Bat (Eonycteris robusta), 41. Geoffroy’s Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus), 42. Bare-backed Rousette (Rousettus spinalatus), 43. Leschenault’s Rousette (Rousettus leschenaultin), 44. Linduan Rousette (Rousettus linduensis), 45. Sulawesi Rousette (Rousettus celebensis), 46. Egyptian Rousette (Rousettus aegyptiacus), 47. Malagasy Rousette (Rousettus madagascariensis), 48. Comoro Rousette (Rousettus obliviosus), 49. Long-haired Fruit Bat (Stenonycteris lanosus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448843/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">49.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF63589D5325EFD36F9EB" box="[203,659,1602,1648]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF63589D5325EFD36F9EB" blockId="31.[126,1102,1602,1732]" box="[203,659,1602,1648]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<heading id="D0F38180FFDBF63589D5325EFD36F9EB" box="[203,659,1602,1648]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDBF63589D5325EFD36F9EB" ID-CoL="7WXBQ" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[203,659,1602,1648]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">Long-haired Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358BDB325FFBEBF9EA" box="[709,1102,1603,1649]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358BDB325FFBEBF9EA" blockId="31.[126,1102,1602,1732]" box="[709,1102,1603,1649]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<heading id="D0F38180FFDBF6358BDB325FFBEBF9EA" box="[709,1102,1603,1649]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358BDB325FFBEBF9EA" ID-CoL="7WXBQ" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[709,1102,1603,1649]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358BDB325FFBEBF9EA" box="[709,1102,1603,1649]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Stenonycteris lanosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF635899E329FFDF3F924" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF635899E329FFBE6F903" blockId="31.[126,1102,1602,1732]" box="[128,1091,1667,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<heading id="D0F38180FFDBF635899E329FFBE6F903" box="[128,1091,1667,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF635899E329FFF69F903" bold="true" box="[128,204,1667,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDBF63589C8329FFE03F903" ID-CoL="7WXBQ" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[214,422,1667,1688]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">Roussette a poil long</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF63588A5329FFDB0F903" bold="true" box="[443,533,1667,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDBF6358B3E329FFCA6F903" ID-CoL="7WXBQ" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[544,771,1667,1688]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">Langhaariger Flughund</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358A06329FFCD6F903" bold="true" box="[792,883,1667,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDBF6358A63329FFBE6F903" ID-CoL="7WXBQ" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[893,1091,1667,1688]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">Stenonicterio piloso</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF635899E32B6FDF3F924" blockId="31.[126,1102,1602,1732]" box="[128,598,1706,1727]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<heading id="D0F38180FFDBF635899E32B6FDF3F924" box="[128,598,1706,1727]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF635899E32B6FED2F924" bold="true" box="[128,375,1706,1727]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050746C2FFDBF635889F32B6FDF3F924" ID-CoL="7WXBQ" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[385,598,1706,1727]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">Long-haired Rousette</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358BFA32F1FA97F895" box="[740,1330,1773,1806]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358BFA32F1FA97F895" blockId="31.[740,1335,1773,2201]" box="[740,1330,1773,1806]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358BFA32F1FCDAF895" bold="true" box="[740,895,1773,1806]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358A9632F1FA88F895" ID-CoL="7WRGV" authority="Thomas, 1906" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[904,1325,1773,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">Rousettus lanosus Thomas, 1906</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358BFB3301FB46F81F" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358BFB3301FB46F81F" blockId="31.[740,1335,1773,2201]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFDBF6358BFB3301FB46F81F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391363" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
“Ruwezori East, at 13,000’ [=
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF6358D663301FB46F8AD" box="[1144,1251,1821,1846]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9619999999999997" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="m" value="3962.0">3962 m</quantity>
|
||
].” Restricted by R. W. Hayman and colleagues in 1966 to “Mubuku valley,”
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF6358D71337FFB45F81F" box="[1135,1248,1891,1924]" name="Uganda" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358BFB3397FEB8F6C5" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358BFB3397FEB8F6C5" blockId="31.[740,1335,1773,2201]" lastBlockId="31.[128,1335,2211,2398]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
K. Andersen in 1912 described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358DA73397FCAAF848" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stenonycteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a new subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358D7E33AEFB7FF848" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1120,1242,1970,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rousettus</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358A8933C5FB85F861" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[919,1056,2009,2042]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">R. lanosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For most ofits history,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358A313C1DFC6AF7B9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1871" box="[815,975,2049,2082]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stenonycteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
remained a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358BFB3C35FCC5F7D1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[741,864,2089,2122]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rousettus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but recent molecular systematics recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358A9E3C4CFC7AF7EA" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[896,991,2128,2161]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">lanosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a phylogenetic position independent of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358D0C3C9CFB29F702" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1042,1164,2176,2201]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rousettus</taxonomicName>
|
||
; as a consequence,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF63589E03CBFFE3BF75B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1871" box="[254,414,2211,2240]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Stenonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Stenonycteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recognized as a valid genus included in its own tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF635899E3CDAFEEBF77C" authorityName="Nesi, Kadjo, Pourrut, Leroy, Shongo, Cruaud & Hassanin" authorityYear="2013" box="[128,334,2246,2279]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenonycterini">Stenonycterini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the single species S.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358BDD3CDAFC87F77C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" box="[707,802,2246,2279]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">lanosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e. not inclusive of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358D543CDAFF05F694" authorityName="G. Grandidier" authorityYear="1929" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">R. madagascariensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as treated sometimes by some previous authors). Subspecies kempi (described as R. kempi by O. Thomas in 1909) is not included here until new data become available. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358C62350CF9CAFE1A" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption id="DF7B6664FFDBF6358C62350CF9CAFE1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803684" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803684/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" startId="31.[1404,1576,272,305]" targetBox="[125,717,1783,2199]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358C62350CF9CAFE1A" blockId="31.[1402,2615,272,2403]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358C62350CF989FEAA" bold="true" box="[1404,1580,272,305]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Highlands of E Africa, highly fragmented distribution in W & S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF63580AC350CF58EFEAA" box="[2482,2603,272,305]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF6358C873520F9F7FEC2" box="[1433,1618,316,345]" name="South Sudan" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, E
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF6358F9B3520F8BBFEC2" box="[1669,1822,316,345]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF6358E2C3520F807FEC2" box="[1842,1954,316,345]" name="Uganda" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF6358EAB3520F7A9FEC2" box="[1973,2060,316,345]" name="Kenya" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF635813E3520F735FEC2" box="[2080,2192,316,345]" name="Rwanda" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF63581BD3520F686FEC2" box="[2211,2339,316,345]" name="Tanzania" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF63580663520F67EFEC2" box="[2424,2523,316,345]" name="Malawi" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
; most likely in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF6358CEA3578F9CEFE1A" box="[1524,1643,356,385]" name="Burundi" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358C623593F960FB0E" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358C623593F960FB0E" blockId="31.[1402,2615,272,2403]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358C623593F9DDFE33" bold="true" box="[1404,1656,399,424]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—-body
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF6358E263593F84AFE33" box="[1848,2031,399,424]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.435" metricValueMax="1.73" metricValueMin="1.14" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="143.5" valueMax="173.0" valueMin="114.0">114-173 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF63581273593F765FE33" box="[2105,2240,399,424]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="9.0">9-25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF63580103593F606FE33" box="[2318,2467,399,424]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="19.0">19-25 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF6358C6135B2F9B1FE54" box="[1407,1556,430,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="18.0">18-27 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF6358FBB35B2F899FE54" box="[1701,1852,430,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="90.0" valueMax="95.0" valueMin="85.0">85-95 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF6358EA635B2F79FFE54" box="[1976,2106,430,463]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.28" metricValueMax="1.6199999999999999" metricValueMin="0.94" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="g" value="128.0" valueMax="162.0" valueMin="94.0">94-162 g</quantity>
|
||
. Muzzle is long; eyes are large and blackish; ears are naked and dark brown, no basal ear patches; and antitragusis indistinct, with thickened margin. There are no epaulettes on adult males; back is medium to dark grayish brown or dark rusty brown, occasionally with dispersed paler hairs; hairs are unicolored; pelage is long and shaggy, with woolly underfur; and mid-dorsal underfur is
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF6358F38366FF932FD0F" box="[1574,1687,627,660]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7-8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with scattered hairs up
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF635815F366FF777FD0F" box="[2113,2258,627,660]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16-18 mm</quantity>
|
||
extending up to halfway along forearms over uropatagium to wellfurred tibiae. Tail extends c¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF635807C3686F61AFD20" box="[2402,2495,666,699]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
beyond uropatagium. Venter is slightly paler than dorsum, sometimes with scattered paler hairs; adult males have longer,slightly stiffer hairs on neck and throat, but they do not form a ruff. Wings have a claw on second digit; membranes are dark brown, attaching to second toe or exceptionally between first and second toes; and no webbing occurs between toes. Skull is medium-sized and delicate; rostrum is relatively long; premaxillae are not fused; braincase is strongly deflected downward; zygomatic arches are very slender; there are eight palatal ridges of which four are interdental, and fifth is at level of posterior upper molars; and ridges 1-4 are undivided, ridges 5-7 are divided, and ridge 8 is very thin at posterior end of palate. Dental formulais12/2, C1/1, P 3/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 34. Upper and lower cheekteeth are relatively narrow in occlusal view, width of upper premolars and molars are ¢.50% their length or slightly more, and M* is not strongly reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358C6230BCF69CFA18" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358C6230BCF69CFA18" blockId="31.[1402,2615,272,2403]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358C6230BCFA4EFB26" bold="true" box="[1404,1515,1184,1213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primarily montane tropical moist forests and mosaic of East African evergreen bushland and secondary
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358E5A30DFF79AFB7F" authority="" box="[1860,2111,1219,1252]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Fabaceae">Acacia (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
wooded grassland at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF6358C6330F6F98EFA90" box="[1405,1579,1258,1291]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="m" value="2250.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="500.0">500-4000 m</quantity>
|
||
(more commonly
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFDBF6358E5630F6F7AFFA90" box="[1864,2058,1258,1291]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" unit="m" value="2000.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500-2500 m</quantity>
|
||
). The Long-haired Fruit Bat is found sporadically in drier lowland (Guineo-Congolese) rainforest, wetter and drier miombo woodland, East African evergreen and semi-evergreen bushland and thicket, and deciduous bushland and thicket of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358E52317AF839FA18" box="[1868,1948,1382,1411]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358EA6317AF690FA18" box="[1976,2357,1382,1411]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Combretum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Combretum (Combretaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358C623194F948F9BA" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358C623194F948F9BA" blockId="31.[1402,2615,272,2403]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358C623194F922FA32" bold="true" box="[1404,1671,1416,1449]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Due to its rather delicate skull, diet of the Long-haired Fruit Bat probably consists of soft fruits, nectar, and possibly pollen. An individual tentatively identified as the Long-haired Fruit Bat has been reported feeding on flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF63580C731CBF591FA63" box="[2521,2612,1495,1528]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Lobelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lobelia</taxonomicName>
|
||
giberroa (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF6358CE83218F945F9BA" box="[1526,1760,1540,1569]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358C62323AF6D9F97E" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358C62323AF6D9F97E" blockId="31.[1402,2615,272,2403]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358C62323AF9A6F9DC" bold="true" box="[1404,1539,1574,1607]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Female lL.ong-haired Fruit Bats have one young per pregnancy. An adult female recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF6358FDF3252F887F9F4" box="[1729,1826,1614,1647]" name="Malawi" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
was lactating in late December. Pregnant females were found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF6358F1B3269F9D8F90D" box="[1541,1661,1653,1686]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the beginning of May and middle ofJanuary. Pregnancies and males with scrotaltestes were reported in July in Pare Mountains,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFDBF63580123281F629F925" box="[2316,2444,1693,1726]" name="Tanzania" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This might indicate an extended reproductive chronology, which might be bimodal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358C6432F0F9E2F818" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358C6432F0F9E2F818" blockId="31.[1402,2615,272,2403]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358C6432F0F9C0F896" bold="true" box="[1402,1637,1772,1805]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
When flying in total darkness, Long-haired Fruit Bats use clicks (produced by their tongue) similar to echolocation clicks of Egyptian Rousettes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF63580A9330FF9B1F8C7" authorityName="E. Geoftroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1810" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegyptiacus">Rousettus aegyptiacus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Echolocation function of these sounds in the Long-haired Fruit Bat is not yet confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358C623396F97AF7BA" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358C623396F97AF7BA" blockId="31.[1402,2615,272,2403]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358C623396F7F2F830" bold="true" box="[1404,2135,1930,1963]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
[.ong-haired Fruit Bats roost in dark, damp caves and mine adits, where they can be exposed to low, even subzero, temperatures at night. To protect themselves, they roost in tight clusters of up to several hundred individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358C623C30F869F77C" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358C623C30F869F77C" blockId="31.[1402,2615,272,2403]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358C623C30F979F7D2" bold="true" box="[1404,1756,2092,2121]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFDBF63580C73C30F9B1F7EB" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosus">Rousettus lanosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Long-haired Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population, and it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to have it listed in a higher category. Major threats include deforestation, disturbance of cave roosting sites, and possible overhunting for subsistence food.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFDBF6358C633CEAF793F6C5" pageId="31" pageNumber="89" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFDBF6358C633CEAF793F6C5" blockId="31.[1402,2615,272,2403]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFDBF6358C633CEAF9B3F694" bold="true" box="[1405,1558,2294,2319]" pageId="31" pageNumber="89">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Andersen (1912b), Bergmans (1994), Bergmans & van Strien (2004), Happold, M. (2013n), Hayman et al. (1966), Lavrenchenko et al. (2004), Monadjem, Howell et al. (2017), Nesi et al. (2013), Stanley & Goodman (2011), Thomas (1909), Van Cakenberghe et al. (2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |