211 lines
23 KiB
XML
211 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="D5BE892F49E9A7E7A11A427AD5E5899F" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFA5F64B8C69351EF999F68A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus voeltzkowi" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="76D5DCFAE901951893BD42C2EC041148" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="027B6F1732BB65F810FA29687415A45D">
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<mods:title id="5CE3C6B73C197FB49C72F0ED308ECD0B">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9C3DA0E0B1709A74DAFE4A04504C6390" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B14F116E88D7743FA16C46BAA10EB0E7">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8ACEAB733FAE6398443D61F21D0AC54">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="236B6565C71A72D370E49E8DA2D42330">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="FFA02B9B8AC5C92F36B61A6B6326E280" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="BD1170A1E20D655A73FD7F445ACD5FD9">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="AD6E53BDD0C5C021C4F9783003938258">
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<mods:placeTerm id="B376BE589D193009A280A7D68D784DF6">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D111FAAE3DED00980B2D192969DEFFFA">
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<mods:title id="76AD07A3B19788A9D47F793EF453A3F8">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="82BF6BF40B962D895EEA861C00DDE1B8">
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<mods:classification id="0D9FAB68E67A2A6554F2D3188F7B4A51">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFA5F64B8C69351EF999F68A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6795017" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379361" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6795017" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFA5F64B8C69351EF999F68A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFA5F64B8C69351EF999F68A" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA5F64B8C69351EFA63FEAF" box="[1399,1478,258,308]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFA5F64B8C69351EFA63FEAF" box="[1399,1478,258,308]" captionStart="Plate 11: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="97.[117,147,3321,3346]" captionTargetBox="[11,2741,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="174. Livingstone’s Flying Fox (Pteropus livingstonii), 175. Pemba Flying Fox (Pleropus voeltzkowi), 176. Ryukyu Flying Fox (Pleropus dasymallus), 177. Bonin Flying Fox (Pteropus pselaphon), 178. Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pleropus pumilus), 179. Lyle’s Flying Fox (Pteropus lylei), 180. Indian Flying Fox (Pleropus medius), 181. Rodrigues Flying Fox (Pteropus rodricensus), 182. Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus), 183. Aldabra Flying Fox (Pleropus aldabrensis), 184. Malagasy Flying Fox (Pteropus rufus), 185. Seychelles Flying Fox (Pleropus seychellensis), 186. Greater Mascarene Flying Fox (Pteropus niger), 187. Aru Flying Fox (Pteropus aruensis), 188. Kai Flying Fox (Pleropus keyensis), 189. Black-bearded Flying Fox (Pleropus melanopogon), 190. South Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus chrysoproctus), 191. North Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus caniceps)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448911/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">175.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8CC9351EF8E9FEAF" box="[1495,1868,258,308]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8CC9351EF8E9FEAF" blockId="97.[1394,2338,258,353]" box="[1495,1868,258,308]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA5F64B8CC9351EF8E9FEAF" box="[1495,1868,258,308]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B8CC9351EF8E9FEAF" ID-CoL="6WM5D" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1495,1868,258,308]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA5F64B8CC9351EF9C2FEAF" box="[1495,1639,258,308]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pemba</collectingRegion>
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Flying Fox
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8E8F351EF74DFEAF" box="[1937,2280,258,308]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8E8F351EF74DFEAF" blockId="97.[1394,2338,258,353]" box="[1937,2280,258,308]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA5F64B8E8F351EF74DFEAF" box="[1937,2280,258,308]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8E8F351EF74DFEAF" ID-CoL="6WM5D" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1937,2280,258,308]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8E8F351EF74DFEAF" box="[1937,2280,258,308]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pteropus voeltzkowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8C6A355BF685FEC7" box="[1396,2336,327,348]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6A355BF685FEC7" blockId="97.[1394,2338,258,353]" box="[1396,2336,327,348]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA5F64B8C6A355BF685FEC7" box="[1396,2336,327,348]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8C6A355BFA1AFEC7" bold="true" box="[1396,1471,327,348]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B8CD7355BF93DFEC7" ID-CoL="6WM5D" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1481,1688,327,348]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">
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Roussette de
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA5F64B8F4B355BF93DFEC7" box="[1621,1688,327,348]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pemba</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8FB3355BF8ADFEC7" bold="true" box="[1709,1800,327,348]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B8E0C355BF81CFEC7" ID-CoL="6WM5D" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1810,1977,327,348]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Pemba-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8ED0355BF78CFEC7" bold="true" box="[1998,2089,327,348]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B812C355BF685FEC7" ID-CoL="6WM5D" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[2098,2336,327,348]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">
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Zorro volador de
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA5F64B81C0355BF685FEC7" box="[2270,2336,327,348]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pemba</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8EC63592F713FE49" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8EC63592F713FE49" blockId="97.[2008,2604,398,820]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8EC63592F7D6FE30" bold="true" box="[2008,2163,398,427]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B81943592F717FE49" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" subGenus="Spectrum">Pteropus (Spectrum) voeltzkowi Matschie, 1909</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B81D935A5F761FE62" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B81D935A5F761FE62" blockId="97.[2008,2604,398,820]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFA5F64B81D935A5F761FE62" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391439" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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Fufuni, southern
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA5F64B80D735A5F78AFE62" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pemba Island</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA5F64B812135FCF765FE62" box="[2111,2240,480,505]" name="Tanzania" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8EC73618F6BCFDD3" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8EC73618F6BCFDD3" blockId="97.[2008,2604,398,820]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8EC73618F76AFDBA" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[2009,2255,516,545]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus voeltzkowr</taxonomicName>
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1s in the lvingstonii species group. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8EC63653F7CEFD0D" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFA5F64B8EC63653F7CEFD0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803315/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" startId="97.[2008,2180,591,624]" targetBox="[1393,1984,405,817]" targetPageId="97">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8EC63653F7CEFD0D" blockId="97.[2008,2604,398,820]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8EC63653F72CFDEB" bold="true" box="[2008,2185,591,624]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA5F64B81803653F75BFDEB" box="[2206,2302,591,624]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pemba</collectingRegion>
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1 (off the coast of
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA5F64B8EC63669F7F8FD0D" box="[2008,2141,629,662]" name="Tanzania" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8EC63681F9CDFAC7" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8EC63681F9CDFAC7" blockId="97.[2008,2604,398,820]" lastBlockId="97.[1392,2605,827,2321]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8EC63681F754FD25" bold="true" box="[2008,2289,669,702]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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||
Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA5F64B80F63681F7F4FD7D" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.425" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="242.5" valueMax="265.0" valueMin="220.0">220- 265 mm</quantity>
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(tailless), ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA5F64B803036D9F66CFD7D" box="[2350,2505,709,742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20-30 mm</quantity>
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||
, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA5F64B813A36ECF767FC96" box="[2084,2242,752,781]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="43.0">43-47 mm</quantity>
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||
, forearm
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA5F64B807A36ECF586FC96" box="[2404,2595,752,781]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" metricValueMax="1.63" metricValueMin="1.45" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="154.0" valueMax="163.0" valueMin="145.0">145-163 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA5F64B8120370FF76BFCAF" box="[2110,2254,787,820]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" unit="g" value="520.0" valueMax="610.0" valueMin="430.0">430-610 g</quantity>
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||
. Males are slightly larger and darker red than females. Head of the
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||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA5F64B8EFC3727F7E7FCC7" box="[2018,2114,827,860]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pemba</collectingRegion>
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||
Flying Fox is fox-like; face is uniform brown, without dark facemask; muzzle is long and tapering; eyes are moderately large, with chestnut-brown irises; and ears are pointed, naked, and blackish brown. Crown is dark brown to rusty brown, and some gray hairs can be present; nape has longer, coarser, and rusty red or rusty orange hairs, forming reddish mantle, extended as a collar; back is black, blackish brown, or dark reddish brown; hairs are rusty red or blackish brown, with some of them pale gray or rusty brown; pelage is dense and
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA5F64B8C6B3053FA71FBEB" box="[1397,1492,1103,1136]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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||
long mid-dorsally. Chestis dark golden brown, abdomen and flanks are lighter golden brown, and chin and throat and dark brown. Exceptionally, ventral pelage is darker or rusty brown at center and lighter on flanks. Wings are very dark brown and attach to second toe, and tibia and forearm are naked. Index claw is present. Skull is long and robust; rostrum is of medium length. There are 13 palatal ridges; ridges 1-5 are undivided; ridges 6-10 are divided; and ridges are 11-13 post-dental. Dentition is typical pteropine.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8C6C317FFA73FA48" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6C317FFA73FA48" blockId="97.[1392,2605,827,2321]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8C6C317FFA47FA1F" bold="true" box="[1394,1506,1379,1412]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Habitat.</emphasis>
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||
Primary and secondary (moist) forests, undisturbed traditional graveyards and mangroves, and small offshore islands from sea level only up to elevations of c.
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA5F64B8C9631AEFA74FA48" box="[1416,1489,1458,1491]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" unit="m" value="45.0">45m</quantity>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8C6C31C6F61FF9D2" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6C31C6F61FF9D2" blockId="97.[1392,2605,827,2321]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8C6C31C6F9D2FA60" bold="true" box="[1394,1655,1498,1531]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA5F64B8FDA31C6F881FA60" box="[1732,1828,1498,1531]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pemba</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox is strongly frugivorous; mangoes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B80BF31C6FA66F9B9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">Mangifera indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8CCF3215F904F9B9" box="[1489,1697,1545,1570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) form the major part ofits diet. Fruit, flowers, and leaves from at least 16 genera in twelve families are eaten. It seems to prefer cultivated fruits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8C6C324CFA5EF924" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6C324CFA5EF924" blockId="97.[1392,2605,827,2321]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8C6C324CFA5CF9EA" bold="true" box="[1394,1529,1616,1649]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Births of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA5F64B8F90324CF94BF9EA" box="[1678,1774,1616,1649]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pemba</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Foxes occur in June-August, with young recorded in August—October; assuming gestation of 4-6 months, mating takes place in January—April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8C6E32DAF645F894" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6E32DAF645F894" blockId="97.[1392,2605,827,2321]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8C6E32DAF9F8F97C" bold="true" box="[1392,1629,1734,1767]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA5F64B8FB032DAF8ABF97C" box="[1710,1806,1734,1767]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pemba</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Fox forages at night. Roosts can be found in tall trees such as M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8F4232F2F90EF894" box="[1628,1707,1774,1807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">indica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a preference for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8EF532F2F703F894" box="[2027,2214,1774,1807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrophleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Erythrophleum</taxonomicName>
|
||
suaveolens (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B805732F2F677F894" box="[2377,2514,1774,1807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8C6C3309F7A8F8C5" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6C3309F7A8F8C5" blockId="97.[1392,2605,827,2321]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8C6C3309F796F8AD" bold="true" box="[1394,2099,1813,1846]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA5F64B81213309F73AF8AD" box="[2111,2207,1813,1846]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Pemba" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pemba</collectingRegion>
|
||
Flying Foxes roost alone or in mixed-sex colonies of up to 5000 individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8C6C3379F773F701" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6C3379F773F701" blockId="97.[1392,2605,827,2321]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8C6C3379F973F81D" bold="true" box="[1394,1750,1893,1926]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The [UCN Red List. The Pemba Flying Fox was downgraded from Critically Endangered (1996) because population grew from ¢.3000 individuals in 1992 to a current estimate of more than 22,000 individuals in 44 known roosts. Current classification is due to its restricted distribution (Pemba Island), continued hunting, disturbance of roostsites, and conflicts with local fruit growers. It is most common on western side of Pemba and occurs in protected areas (e.g. Ngezi Forest Reserve and Msitu Kuu Forest). A captive breeding program was established at the Phoenix Zoo (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA5F64B819F3C65F76CF701" box="[2177,2249,2169,2202]" name="United States of America" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8C6C3CB5F999F68A" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6C3CB5F999F68A" blockId="97.[1392,2605,827,2321]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8C6C3CB5F9AEF759" bold="true" box="[1394,1547,2217,2242]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Carroll & Feistner (1996), Entwistle & Corp (19973, 1997b), Entwistle & Juma (2016), Happold & Happold (2013), Mickleburgh et al. (1992), O'Brien et al. (2009), Seehausen (1990).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |