220 lines
23 KiB
XML
220 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="6DBC1C9D676FC277D2F14D9BFA6BDF16" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFF9FF67189723E6EFA53FAA7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus ennisae Flannery & White 1991" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="149" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="149" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="E6F49BE381FAFF3A251CFDE3AE8ACAE2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5415AE7B0AC02BF09E7D7C255B2D0388">
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<mods:title id="09DBEF070FA88684D3280C88FFE21765">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="57602010C24BA185DF2F51BC8BB90201" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E73BA4F1A7B64A57CDBFFF28AF84270E">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A2C7AE15C9B3753E4305732252A8CE9E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="14B982BA9153FA92C652E2097CD8A837">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="962E543092AB762CBC36EA0F3434DE78">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="C1866E39E688D354CF090DD372CDA4A1">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="208B556DEEC7248A856838E5BA9C02AD" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="BCE1D84C740366F80D0DEBF54AD08CA3">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="641B1C03F0A02F3943CFC05F9EDDDD9A">
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<mods:placeTerm id="73069696A0F1F4CD0D56A47FE88943DE">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B0F6BE5AC3C789924BE38E8631143029">
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<mods:title id="1630F1081E81E9C136006F844347547A">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="147E77D5157E476AB040E99F8C7D3C37">
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<mods:start id="1BC4D6E0C452C8065FB41768582C3EA6">16</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="2A32AD95DC75F90FE7205E6D4B0A4B3E">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0393BBF8900F7F38B90B4632E8163594" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2A7EA0C8349F999EABC6732C0BEBABD2" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFF9FF67189723E6EFA53FAA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794750" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379385" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6794750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF9FF67189723E6EFA53FAA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF9FF67189723E6EFA53FAA7" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF67189723E6EFF19F53B" box="[108,188,2674,2720]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF67189723E6EFF19F53B" blockId="91.[103,1233,2674,2762]" box="[108,188,2674,2720]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF9FF67189723E6EFF19F53B" box="[108,188,2674,2720]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FF9FF67189723E6EFF19F53B" box="[108,188,2674,2720]" captionStart="Plate 10: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="91.[102,132,3363,3388]" captionTargetBox="[12,2743,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="161. New Britain Masked Flying Fox (Pleropus capistratus), 162. New Ireland Masked Flying Fox (Pleropus ennisae), 163. New Caledonia Flying Fox (Pteropus vetula), 164. Common Samoan Flying Fox (Pteropus samoensis), 165. Banks Flying Fox (Pteropus fundatus), 166. Vanuatu Flying Fox (Pleropus anetianus), 167. Vanikoro Flying Fox (Pleropus tuberculatus), 168. Temotu Flying Fox (Pteropus nitendiensis), 169. Solomons Flying Fox (Pteropus rayneri), 170. Makira Flying Fox (Pteropus cognatus), 171. Rennell Flying Fox (Pteropus rennelli), 172. Temminck’s Flying Fox (Pteropus temminckui), 173. Gray-headed Flying Fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448901/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">162.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF67189D23E6EFCC7F53B" box="[204,866,2674,2720]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF67189D23E6EFCC7F53B" blockId="91.[103,1233,2674,2762]" box="[204,866,2674,2720]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF9FF67189D23E6EFCC7F53B" box="[204,866,2674,2720]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF9FF67189D23E6EFCC7F53B" ID-CoL="7WP9B" authorityName="Flannery & White" authorityYear="1991" box="[204,866,2674,2720]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ennisae">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF67189D23E6EFE6BF53B" box="[204,462,2674,2720]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
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Masked Flying Fox
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718ABB3E6EFB6BF53B" box="[933,1230,2674,2720]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718ABB3E6EFB6BF53B" blockId="91.[103,1233,2674,2762]" box="[933,1230,2674,2720]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF9FF6718ABB3E6EFB6BF53B" box="[933,1230,2674,2720]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718ABB3E6EFB6BF53B" ID-CoL="7WP9B" authorityName="Flannery & White" authorityYear="1991" box="[933,1230,2674,2720]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ennisae">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718ABB3E6EFB6BF53B" box="[933,1230,2674,2720]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Pteropus ennisae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF67189773EAEFB75F55C" box="[105,1232,2738,2759]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF67189773EAEFB75F55C" blockId="91.[103,1233,2674,2762]" box="[105,1232,2738,2759]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF9FF67189773EAEFB75F55C" box="[105,1232,2738,2759]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF67189773EAEFF11F55C" bold="true" box="[105,180,2738,2759]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF9FF67189A03EAEFE4EF55C" ID-CoL="7WP9B" authorityName="Flannery & White" authorityYear="1991" box="[190,491,2738,2759]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ennisae">
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Roussette de
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF67188553EAEFE4EF55C" box="[331,491,2738,2759]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Nouvelle-Irlande</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF67188E13EAEFDFFF55C" bold="true" box="[511,602,2738,2759]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF9FF6718B7A3EAEFC83F55C" ID-CoL="7WP9B" authorityName="Flannery & White" authorityYear="1991" box="[612,806,2738,2759]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ennisae">Neuirland-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718A253EAEFC33F55C" bold="true" box="[827,918,2738,2759]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF9FF6718A813EAEFB75F55C" ID-CoL="7WP9B" authorityName="Flannery & White" authorityYear="1991" box="[927,1232,2738,2759]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ennisae">Zorro volador de Nueva Irlanda</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718BD23EE6FB85F4A5" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718BD23EE6FB85F4A5" blockId="91.[715,1312,2810,3233]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718BD23EE6FCCDF48C" bold="true" box="[716,872,2810,2839]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718A6B3EE6FBBEF4A5" ID-CoL="4Q344" authority="Flannery & White, 1991" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="temmincki">Pteropus temmincki [sic] ennisae Flannery & White, 1991</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718D323F01FB99F417" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718D323F01FB99F417" blockId="91.[715,1312,2810,3233]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FF9FF6718D323F01FB99F417" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391413" latitude="-2.9166667" longitude="151.38333" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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“secondary forest near Madina (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE30502BFF9FF6718A843F51FC51F4FD" box="[922,1012,2893,2918]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" precision="925" value="-2.9166667">2°55’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE30502BFF9FF6718D173F51FB2CF4FD" box="[1033,1161,2893,2918]" degrees="151" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" precision="925" value="151.38333">151°23’E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF6718DB83F51FCAEF417" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF6718A343F77FB9CF417" box="[810,1081,2923,2956]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718BD33F8FFAA6F33A" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718BD33F8FFAA6F33A" blockId="91.[715,1312,2810,3233]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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F. C. Almeida and colleagues in 2014 provided evidence of 4-7% sequence divergence in cytochrome-b between former subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718A763816FC54F3B0" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" box="[872,1009,3082,3115]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="capistratus">capistratus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718D2B3816FB36F3B0" authorityName="Flannery & White" authorityYear="1991" box="[1077,1171,3082,3115]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ennisae">ennisae</taxonomicName>
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. Morphological differences also support distinction at the species level.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718AE63845FB74F3E1" authorityName="Flannery & White" authorityYear="1991" box="[1016,1233,3161,3194]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ennisae">Pteropus ennisae</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718A1A3898FC28F33A" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" box="[772,909,3204,3233]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="capistratus">capistratus</taxonomicName>
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species group. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF671897838BAFCE0F35C" box="[102,837,3238,3271]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FF9FF671897838BAFCE0F35C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803293" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803293" box="[102,837,3238,3271]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803293/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" startId="91.[102,274,3238,3271]" targetBox="[100,692,2812,3226]" targetPageId="91">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF671897838BAFCE0F35C" blockId="91.[102,837,3238,3271]" box="[102,837,3238,3271]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF671897838BAFEB3F35C" bold="true" box="[102,278,3238,3271]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF9FF671883C38BAFDF2F35C" box="[290,599,3238,3271]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF6718B7338BAFCB9F35C" box="[621,796,3238,3271]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
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I).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C6E3507F841FC8F" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C6E3507F841FC8F" blockId="91.[1387,2598,283,1341]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C6E3507F9C8FEA7" bold="true" box="[1392,1645,283,316]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF9FF6718E2F3507F843FEA7" box="[1841,2022,283,316]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.725" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="172.5" valueMax="190.0" valueMin="155.0">155-190 mm</quantity>
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(tailless), ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF9FF67181DE3507F6F2FEA7" box="[2240,2391,283,316]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="18.0">18-23 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF9FF67180EB3507FA71FEF8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="32.0">32- 39 mm</quantity>
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||
, forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF9FF6718F7B355EF8BFFEF8" box="[1637,1818,322,355]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.135" metricValueMax="1.18" metricValueMin="1.09" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="113.5" valueMax="118.0" valueMin="109.0">109-118 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF9FF6718E8B355EF781FEF8" box="[1941,2084,322,355]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" unit="g" value="210.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="170.0">170-250 g</quantity>
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||
. Muzzle of the
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF671801F355EF60AFEF8" box="[2305,2479,322,355]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
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Masked Flying Fox is short, rhinarium is dark, eyes are large, and irises are dark brown. Ears are broad and triangular, with rounded tips. Face is dark gray-brown, eyes are encircled by faint white extending forward to lateral rostrum, and darker band extends from rostrum to between eyes and onto forehead. Mantle is whitish gray, with central band of yellow-tipped hairs. Ventral hairs are bicolored, with dark brown bases and yellowish brown tips giving overall frosted appearance. Wing membranes are semi-transparent, with anastomosing darker veins. Wings originate from sides of body. Skull is delicately built, similar to that of the
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF6718FE43661F807FD05" box="[1786,1954,637,670]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Britain</collectingRegion>
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Masked Flying Fox (
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF67181CA3661F62FFD05" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" box="[2260,2442,637,670]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="capistratus">P. capistratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with pronounced basicranial deflection, short and thin rostrum, large orbits, long postorbital process, postorbital constriction, and sagittal and nuchal crests not marked. Dentition is relatively weak, with noticeable diastemata.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C703707F666FCA7" box="[1390,2499,795,828]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C703707F666FCA7" blockId="91.[1387,2598,283,1341]" box="[1390,2499,795,828]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C703707FA78FCA7" bold="true" box="[1390,1501,795,828]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
[Lowland and hill rainforests and secondary forests bordering gardens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C73375EF7DAFC10" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C73375EF7DAFC10" blockId="91.[1387,2598,283,1341]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C73375EF9D6FCF8" bold="true" box="[1389,1651,834,867]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF6718F61375EF889FCF8" box="[1663,1836,834,867]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
|
||
Masked Flying Foxes are frugivorous. Two individuals were observed feeding on cluster figs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718E923772F874FC10" box="[1932,2001,878,907]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF9FF6718EFF3772F7D4FC10" box="[2017,2161,878,907]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C73378DF820FC42" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C73378DF820FC42" blockId="91.[1387,2598,283,1341]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C73378DFA51FC29" bold="true" box="[1389,1524,913,946]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Lactating
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF6718F8F378DF8E5FC29" box="[1681,1856,913,946]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
|
||
Masked Flying Foxes and a female carrying a nearterm fetus were captured in June-July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C7537FCF6AFFB9A" box="[1387,2314,992,1025]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C7537FCF6AFFB9A" blockId="91.[1387,2598,283,1341]" box="[1387,2314,992,1025]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C7537FCF9F2FB9A" bold="true" box="[1387,1623,992,1025]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF6718F7D37FCF8B5FB9A" box="[1635,1808,992,1025]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
|
||
Masked Flying Foxes are nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C723014F852FBD4" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C723014F852FBD4" blockId="91.[1387,2598,283,1341]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C723014F787FBB2" bold="true" box="[1388,2082,1032,1065]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF67181723014F6B2FBB2" box="[2156,2327,1032,1065]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
|
||
Masked Flying Fox roosts alone or in small groups among foliage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C73304BF62AFB75" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C73304BF62AFB75" blockId="91.[1387,2598,283,1341]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C73304BF96EFBE3" bold="true" box="[1389,1739,1111,1144]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF6718EE4304BF78BFBE3" box="[2042,2094,1111,1144]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
assessed on The IUCN Red List. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF6718C733062F9B9FB04" box="[1389,1564,1150,1183]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
|
||
Masked Flying Fox was included in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF671817C3062F6AFFB04" box="[2146,2314,1150,1183]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
Masked Flying Fox (EP caprstratus), which was classified as Near Threatened. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF67181D730BAF6D0FB5C" box="[2249,2421,1190,1223]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
|
||
Masked Flying Fox appears to occur in low abundance on a single island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF9FF67181C230D1F62EFB75" box="[2268,2443,1229,1262]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF9FF6718C7230E2FA53FAA7" pageId="91" pageNumber="149" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF9FF6718C7230E2FA53FAA7" blockId="91.[1387,2598,283,1341]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF9FF6718C7230E2F9A0FA8C" bold="true" box="[1388,1541,1278,1303]" pageId="91" pageNumber="149">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Almeida et al. (2014), Bonaccorso (1998), Flannery (1995a), Flannery & White (1991), Smith & Hood (1981).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |