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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609" ID-PMC="PMC4086209" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-38-37" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFA5FFF84108660AFFB3FFE8DB0EEA0F" ID-PubMed="25009437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576221" ModsDocID="1314-2003-38-37" checkinTime="1451251736276" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wagner, Warren L., Clark, John R. &amp; Lorence, David H." docDate="2014" docId="924C33BBEC045D68973D2138DE770539" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 38: 37-67" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 38" docPubDate="2014-06-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609" docTitle="Bidens wichmanii W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark &amp; Lorence 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFA5FFF84108660AFFB3FFE8DB0EEA0F" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFA5FFF84108660AFFB3FFE8DB0EEA0F" masterDocTitle="Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae)" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1668141127548" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wagner, Warren L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wagnerw@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Clark, John R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, HI 96741 - 9599, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, HI 96741 - 9599, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2014-06-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>38</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>37</mods:start>
<mods:end>67</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.38.7609</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-38-37</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFA5FFF84108660AFFB3FFE8DB0EEA0F</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576221</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182256099" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:924C33BBEC045D68973D2138DE770539" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/924C33BBEC045D68973D2138DE770539" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="15" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="52">
7.
<taxonomicName LSID="924C33BB-EC04-5D68-973D-2138DE770539" authority="W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark &amp; Lorence" authorityName="W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens wichmanii" order="Campanulales" pageId="15" pageNumber="52" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="wichmanii" status="sp. nov.">Bidens wichmanii W.L. Wagner, J.R. Clark &amp; Lorence</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="15" pageNumber="52">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Bidens wichmanii W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark &amp; Lorence A Distal part of plant B Head showing rays and involucral bracts (outer series) C Head post-flowering showing involucral bract D Inner involucral bract E Ray corolla F-G Disk corolla H Disk corolla longitudinal section I Achene. Drawn from Wood 10140 (isotype, US) [A, C, I], and Perlman 10152 (US) [B, D-G, H]." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10681" pageId="15" pageNumber="52">Figure 9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="52" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="52">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="52">Marquesas Islands. Fatu Hiva: Tevaiua, southern summit region, 870 m, 15 Feb 2003, K. R. Wood 10140 (holotype: PTBG-043994; isotypes: AD, BISH, K, MO, MPU, NY, P, PAP, US).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="15" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="52">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="15" pageNumber="52">
Scandent to ascending suffrutescent perennial herbs 0.5-2 m tall. Leaves simple, 3.5-13.5 cm long including petiole, blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2.3-9.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2-4.5 cm, glabrous, margins serrate, apex acute. Heads 1-3, in diffuse
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="53" start="start">cymes</pageBreakToken>
terminating main stem and lateral branches, 8-15 mm in diameter excluding rays, peduncles (2-)3.5-14 cm long, glabrous; outer involucral bracts 8-12 mm long, broad, well differentiated from inner bracts; ray florets 14-20+ per head, sterile, rays yellow, 10-18
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4 mm; disk florets ca. 50, perfect, corollas yellow. Achenes black, straight, 7-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-2 mm, slightly keeled, glabrous; pappus of 2 irregular antrorse barbed awns.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10680" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="evapelliana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Bidens evapelliana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
W.L. Wagner, J.R. Clark &amp; Lorence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
Habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
Head post-flowering showing involucral bracts and apex of achenes
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
Young head showing immature rays and involucral bracts
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
Disk corolla
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
Disk corolla longitudinal section
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">F</emphasis>
Achene
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">G</emphasis>
Inset showing achene surface. Drawn from Perlman 10166 (PTBG) [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
], Perlman 19665 (isotype, US) [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
], and Florence &amp; Perlman 9590 (US) [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">C-G</emphasis>
].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10681" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="wichmanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Bidens wichmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
W.L. Wagner, J.R. Clark &amp; Lorence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
Distal part of plant
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
Head showing rays and involucral bracts (outer series)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
Head post-flowering showing involucral bract
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
Inner involucral bract
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
Ray corolla
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">F-G</emphasis>
Disk corolla
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">H</emphasis>
Disk corolla longitudinal section
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">I</emphasis>
Achene. Drawn from Wood 10140 (isotype, US) [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">A, C, I</emphasis>
], and Perlman 10152 (US) [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">B, D-G, H</emphasis>
].
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Marquesas Islands, known only from the central summit region of Fatu Hiva (Tevaiua, Hanativa, and Tekau), 670-870 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="53" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
Occurs in shrubland of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="collina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Metrosideros collina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Freycinetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pandanales" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="subSpecies" species="impavida" subSpecies="biflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Freycinetia impavida, Crossostylis biflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Filicopsida" family="Gleicheniaceae" genus="Dicranopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gleicheniales" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Dicranopteris linearis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on the windswept summit or near-summit areas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
This new species is named for Charles R.
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Chipper”">&quot;Chipper&quot;</normalizedToken>
Wichman, Jr., Chief Executive Officer and Director of the National Tropical Botanical Garden since 2005, and previously Director of
<normalizedToken originalValue="NTBGs">NTBG's</normalizedToken>
Limahuli Garden on
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kaua`i">Kaua'i</normalizedToken>
since 1994.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="53" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
Proposed IUCN Red List Category
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Critically Endangered</emphasis>
(CR), criteria B1ab, B2a,b (i-iii): B1, total extent of occurrence less than 100 km² (less than 10 km²); a,b, known from a single location; B2a, area of occupancy estimated to be less than 10 km²; B2b (i-iii), habitat continuing decline inferred. The estimated area of occupancy for
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="wichmanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Bidens wichmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Fatu Hiva (ca. 85 km²) is indicated as an endangered environment, threatened by human activity (deforestation and fire), feral animals, and invasive plant species, thus reducing the extent of the suitable habitat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">S</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="53" type="pecimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">pecimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Marquesas Islands. Fatu Hiva:</emphasis>
Along trail between
<normalizedToken originalValue="Omoa">Omo'a</normalizedToken>
and Uia within 1 km from pass over central ridge, 750 m, 12 Oct 1974, Decker 2397 (BISH, P, NSW, US); Sentier
<normalizedToken originalValue="dOuia">d'Ouia</normalizedToken>
vers Omoa,
<normalizedToken originalValue="crête">crete</normalizedToken>
au-dessus de la
<normalizedToken originalValue="vallée">vallee</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="dOuia">d'Ouia</normalizedToken>
, S du col de Teava, 680 m, 23 Sep 1975,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schäfer">Schaefer</normalizedToken>
5843 (MPU[7], PTBG, US); Omoa Valley, past Hoopu to ridge near Tevaiua, top of ridge, 2200 ft [671 m], 22 Jul 1988, Perlman 10152 (BISH, PAP, US); north of Hanativa Valley along ridge crest approaching summit area, 800-900 m, 23 Oct 1974, Decker 2626 (BISH, MO, PTBG, US); along summit crest of ridge above Omoa valley, south of Tekau peak, north of Tevaiua, 760 m, 10°31&quot;10.6'S/138°38&quot;8'W, 15 Feb 2003, Perlman 18453 (PTBG, US); Tevaiua, southern summit region, 870 m, 15 Feb 2003, Wood 10138 (PTBG, US), Wood 10139 (PTBG) [used in molecular study, Funk et al.].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. L. Wagner, J. R. Clark &amp; Lorence" authorityYear="2014" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Campanulales" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="wichmanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Bidens wichmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the largest heads among the Marquesan species. The glabrous achenes are also distinctive in being keeled along the long axis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>