173 lines
19 KiB
XML
173 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F792EE0D10432D562664BF39C77BCE4A">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A56C247519725CE5D3F97A2DED808F3">POORANI, J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2BF5BAA5073720D3AB5F56AC99461C50">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="69AE1B05209C33F2002464A00B617AE9">
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<mods:date id="CE1B49B9CA84BE7C7C99DFFFB28569E1">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8788781EC962EC10E05AB9F247A96A03">2023-08-18</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="10CCF24DB7348FF532319D2305DB4260" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C7416214754618BDDF30A6FAA5FE86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273712" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212450244" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8273712" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7416214754618BDDF30A6FAA5FE86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7416214754618BDDF30A6FAA5FE86" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1475461ABDDF30A6FE08F96F" box="[151,453,1754,1781]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F0741475461ABDDF30A6FE08F96F" blockId="45.[151,453,1754,1781]" box="[151,453,1754,1781]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661475461ABDDF30A6FE08F96F" bold="true" box="[151,453,1754,1781]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71475461ABDA630A6FE08F96F" authority="Crotch" authorityName="Crotch" box="[238,453,1754,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Callicaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C661475461ABDA630A6FEAAF96E" bold="true" box="[238,359,1754,1781]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Callicaria</emphasis>
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Crotch
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1475461ABDDF3163FE67F8AC" box="[151,426,1823,1847]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741475461ABDDF3163FE67F8AC" blockId="45.[151,1437,1823,1909]" box="[151,426,1823,1847]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71475461ABDDF3163FE6BF8AC" authority="Crotch, 1871: 6" authorityName="Crotch" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,422,1823,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Callicaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661475461ABDDF3163FF32F8AC" box="[151,255,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Callicaria</emphasis>
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Crotch, 1871: 6
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1475461ABCF8315CFBDDF8AC" box="[432,1040,1823,1848]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F0741475461ABCF8315CFBDDF8AC" blockId="45.[151,1437,1823,1909]" box="[432,1040,1823,1848]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<typeStatus id="54D54ED61475461ABCF8315CFE2FF8A3" box="[432,482,1824,1848]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71475461ABF77315CFCA6F8AC" authority="Mulsant, 1853" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1853" box="[575,875,1823,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" genus="Caria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superba">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661475461ABF77315CFD1EF8AC" box="[575,723,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Caria superba</emphasis>
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Mulsant, 1853
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</taxonomicName>
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(by monotypy).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1475461ABDDF3142FEF9F8EE" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F0741475461ABDDF3142FEF9F8EE" blockId="45.[151,1437,1823,1909]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A1475461ABDDF3142FEF9F8EE" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD6651475461ABDDF3142FDECF8CD" author="Kurisaki, M." box="[151,545,1854,1878]" page="101" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1923">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71475461ABDDF3142FDECF8CD" authority="Kurisaki, 1923: 101" authorityName="Kurisaki" authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,545,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" genus="Pseudosynonycha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661475461ABDDF3142FE80F8CD" box="[151,333,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pseudosynonycha</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851475461ABC1B3142FDECF8CD" author="Kurisaki, M." box="[339,545,1854,1878]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="101 - 108" refId="ref116587" refString="Kurisaki, M. (1923) Descriptions of some interesting coccinellids. Dobutsugaku Zasshi, 35 (413), 101 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.5026 / jgeography. 35.413" type="journal article" year="1923">Kurisaki, 1923: 101</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54D54ED61475461ABF633142FD90F8CD" box="[555,605,1854,1878]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD6651475461ABFF33142FB91F8CD" author="Kurisaki, J." box="[699,1116,1854,1878]" page="443" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1914">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71475461ABFF33142FB91F8CD" authority="Kurisaki, 1914: 443" authorityName="Kurisaki" authorityPageNumber="443" authorityYear="1914" box="[699,1116,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661475461ABFF33142FC44F8CE" box="[699,905,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Synonycha japonica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851475461ABEC73142FB91F8CD" author="Kurisaki, J." box="[911,1116,1854,1878]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="441 - 443" refId="ref116563" refString="Kurisaki, J. (1914) On two new species of Japanese Coccinellidae. Konchu Sekai, 18, 441 - 443." type="journal article" year="1914">Kurisaki, 1914: 443</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, by original designation;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD6651475461AB8283142FEFDF8EE" author="Sasaji, H." page="294" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1971">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851475461AB8283142FEFDF8EE" author="Sasaji, H." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref121158" refString="Sasaji, H. (1971) Fauna Japonica. Coccinellidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Academic Press of Japan, Tokyo, 340 pp." type="book" year="1971">Sasaji 1971: 294</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF11A0FC14764619BDDF33AAFB1CF988" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261590/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,250,1494,1518]" targetBox="[157,1425,185,1468]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414764619BDDF33AAFB1CF988" blockId="46.[151,1436,1494,1555]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614764619BDDF33AAFEEDFA75" bold="true" box="[151,288,1494,1518]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714764619BC6F33ABFDEBFA74" authorityName=": Kovar" authorityYear="2007" box="[295,550,1495,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Bulaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lividula" subSpecies="bocandei">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614764619BC6F33ABFDEBFA74" box="[295,550,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Bulaea lividula bocandei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: a. adult, dorsal view; b. antenna; c. mandible; d. maxilla; e. abdominal postcoxal line; f. tarsal claw; g. spermatheca; h–j. male genitalia: h. tegmen, lateral view; i. tegmen, ventral view; j. penis.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14764619BDDF3019FCB7F804" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414764619BDDF3019FCB7F804" blockId="46.[151,1437,1637,2023]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614764619BDDF3019FEDFF9E4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1637,1663]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Size large (
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<quantity id="4C965D9114764619BCD63019FDD2F9E4" box="[414,543,1637,1664]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 mm</quantity>
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), with a characteristic body outline broadest around the middle and narrowed towards both ends; coloration carmine red with black maculae (
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114764619BE0230F5FC0EF938" box="[842,963,1673,1699]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,183,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-20@48.[207,1379,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Callicaria superba (Mulsant): a, b. nominate form; c. variant; d. antenna; e. abdominal postcoxal line; f. spermatheca; g, h. male genitalia: g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261594/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 29a–c</figureCitation>
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).Anterior clypeal margin straight.Antenna (
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114764619BDD730D1FF30F95C" box="[159,253,1709,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,183,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-20@48.[207,1379,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Callicaria superba (Mulsant): a, b. nominate form; c. variant; d. antenna; e. abdominal postcoxal line; f. spermatheca; g, h. male genitalia: g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261594/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 29d</figureCitation>
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) longer than frons, last three antennomeres forming a tight and compact club. Pronotum distinctly narrower than elytra, lateral sides slightly arcuate to almost straight, anterolateral corners sharply rectangular, posterolateral corners angulate. Scutellar shield prominent, triangular, about 1/10
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<superScript id="7C1B5D3C14764619BECA3089FC42F898" attach="left" box="[898,911,1781,1795]" fontSize="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">th</superScript>
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as broad as pronotum. Elytra basally distinctly wider than pronotum, lateral sides broadly explanate. Prosternal carinae present, posteriorly slightly divergent. Mesoventrite anteriorly deeply emarginate. Elytral epipleuron entire, broad, outer half distinctly inclined below. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete (
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114764619BF01311DFD65F8E0" box="[585,680,1889,1915]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[209,1377,183,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-20@48.[207,1379,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 29. Callicaria superba (Mulsant): a, b. nominate form; c. variant; d. antenna; e. abdominal postcoxal line; f. spermatheca; g, h. male genitalia: g. tegmen, ventral view; h. penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261594/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 29e</figureCitation>
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), reaching the posterior margin of abdominal ventrite 1. Middle and hind tibiae with a pair of apical spurs. Tarsal claws appendiculate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14764619BD8F31D5FE85F87C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414764619BD8F31D5FE85F87C" blockId="46.[151,1437,1637,2023]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614764619BD8F31D5FEACF858" bold="true" box="[199,353,1961,1987]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Mainly Oriental, also distributed in some parts of Palaearctic Asia (
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||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414764619B93331D5FB74F858" box="[1147,1209,1961,1987]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Himalayas;
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<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414764619B81A31D5FA55F858" box="[1362,1432,1961,1987]" name="China" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
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||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414764619BDDF31B1FF17F87C" box="[151,218,1997,2023]" name="Japan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
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; Taiwan).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14774618BD8F36EAFE67FF4E" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414774618BD8F36EAFE67FF4E" blockId="47.[151,1436,150,285]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614774618BD8F36EAFEF0FF2B" bold="true" box="[199,317,150,176]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Affinities.</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514774618BC0B36EBFDBCFF2A" author="Tomaszewska, W. & Escalona, H. E. & Hartley, D. & Li, J. & Wang, X. & Li, H. S. & Pang, H. & Slipinski, A. & Zwick, A." box="[323,625,151,177]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="611 - 631" refId="ref123461" refString="Tomaszewska, W., Escalona, H. E., Hartley, D., Li, J., Wang, X., Li, H. S., Pang, H., Slipinski, A. & Zwick, A. (2021) Phylogeny of true ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae: Coccinellini) reveals pervasive convergent evolution and a rapid Cenozoic radiation. Systematic Entomology, 46, 611 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12479" type="journal article" year="2021">
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||
Tomaszewska
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614774618BCAF36EBFDD4FF2A" box="[487,537,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2021)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
included it in the
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614774618BE7536EBFC0DFF2A" box="[829,960,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Synonycha-</emphasis>
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group of genera, but it was not included in their molecular analysis.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14774618BD8F36A3FAA5FE86" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414774618BD8F36A3FAA5FE86" blockId="47.[151,1436,150,285]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614774618BD8F36A3FE59FF63" bold="true" box="[199,404,222,249]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Included species.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B06FA2914774618BCD636A3FAA8FE86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4399052349" country="India, Nepal" location="India, Nepal" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1">
|
||
It is a monotypic genus known by the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D54ED614774618BE2836A3FC5DFF62" box="[864,912,223,249]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714774618BEB336A3FA86FF62" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1019,1355,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Callicaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614774618BEB336A3FB1FFF62" box="[1019,1234,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Callicaria superba</emphasis>
|
||
(Mulsant)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a distribution restricted to the colder parts of northwestern and northeastern regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414774618B907377FFB17FE86" box="[1103,1242,259,285]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">India, Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414774618B858377FFAA8FE86" box="[1296,1381,259,285]" name="Bhutan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |