199 lines
22 KiB
XML
199 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="496E6BC58B98770157634C150AE9FD68" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.172.1889" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fbb4c0a3-7199-4ed7-9ea9-e04c64822790" ID-PMC="PMC3307363" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-172-7" ID-PubMed="22448114" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-172-7" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 172" ModsDocTitle="Review of Australasian spider flies (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a revision of Panops Lamarck" checkinTime="1451249321963" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Winterton, Shaun L." docDate="2012" docId="3DD73FC52ABFDA780D329E7B9C39DD4A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 172: 7-75" docOrigin="ZooKeys 172" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.172.1889" docTitle="Pterodontia Gray 1832" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="EB3DCF52AE6FD804FF8BFFF3E4775766" masterDocTitle="Review of Australasian spider flies (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a revision of Panops Lamarck" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="7" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1732488723782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A47771A3DD3C3B582F2F0D789A8D546F">Review of Australasian spider flies (Diptera, Acroceridae) with a revision of Panops Lamarck</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79914E0FAE91614837C3CC760245AA51">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="76F7D3AF357880094AD8C3C8D8D2D29D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4A84698E689B73D9F3C35AFFE7F491C9">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="575AAE9BB14D1B9B0F2EC77142F40818">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="588FE737E97187E3974D9F9231414D91">172</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6FF7F682787660ED59DC8FA439B96597">7</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="BF4698CBD9720ECE67DFC4DE9AD77026">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.172.1889</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="DBA95DF135624B506E9004062C2A3054">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B5502D5230859322E42CA6C28F753F56" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.172.1889</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="66765F44C65F393D7C646AEBA77FBA6E" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-172-7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6001D006D7C21A763FE6D2E0737E92CA" type="ZooBank">F365ECC1-1271-4740-B3FD-867D1C6A9532</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="3DD73FC52ABFDA780D329E7B9C39DD4A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3DD73FC52ABFDA780D329E7B9C39DD4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3DD73FC52ABFDA780D329E7B9C39DD4A" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="51" pageNumber="58" scope_family="Acroceridae" scope_order="Diptera" scope_subFamily="Acrocerinae">
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<subSubSection id="853769D69AB96A6CD45AEA49FE5800C8" pageId="51" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2225E80F0BE9143A66BEE36FB9DA084E" pageId="51" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="DA19CF623EECA2F7CE50AEA7D11EB1BB" ID-CoL="74QB" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Pterodontia" authority="Gray, 1832" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterodontia Gray, 1832</taxonomicName>
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Figs 3D65-66
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3DE172A76ACE74BA1AB5064900FF3C29" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="51" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A28A4074CDFD5C46847FB4A8BF5F6C85" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="51" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="E9AC54909D5849DDA52B5A4B4F09CBBE" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterodontia</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1832: 779 -
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<bibRefCitation id="4FF01DDC63DC06C22ADD8F4DB91AB444" pageId="51" pageNumber="58">Macquart 1838</bibRefCitation>
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: 174;
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<bibRefCitation id="C4BE042929E85F26AD126459F746E76E" pageId="51" pageNumber="58">Erichson 1840</bibRefCitation>
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: 161;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD28797FCD7C78FB194C1EDD6724770" pageId="51" pageNumber="58">Walker 1855</bibRefCitation>
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: 346;
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<bibRefCitation id="06C53306D1D4729B0BD66939E6F63822" pageId="51" pageNumber="58">Westwood 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: 513;
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<bibRefCitation id="578A4E9DF8D294121BD3238D4F9F039F" pageId="51" pageNumber="58">White 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 68;
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<bibRefCitation id="ACE17F6494CECE4AB154ED60985BDFB5" pageId="51" pageNumber="58">Hardy 1921</bibRefCitation>
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: 76,
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<bibRefCitation id="F1B9C0F0CE2F06E598B329E3C1A17128" author="Hardy, GH" journalOrPublisher="New South Wales" pageId="58" pageNumber="65" pagination="65 - 71" title="Miscellaneous notes on Australian Diptera. XII. Cyrtidae, Dolichopodidae and Phoridae. Proc. Linn. Soc." volume="71" year="1946">1946</bibRefCitation>
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: 66;
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<bibRefCitation id="B88C6628B46A1FDD160A2C303D86E9CE" author="Paramonov, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="59" pageNumber="66" pagination="521 - 546" title="A Review of the Australian Acroceridae (Diptera)." url="10.1071/ZO9570521" volume="5" year="1957">
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<pageBreakToken id="8BAF0E1503D551EAD3DFA30A9F8B1E7A" pageId="52" pageNumber="59" start="start">Paramonov</pageBreakToken>
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1957
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 529;
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<bibRefCitation id="2B8AB9D344AA25360A3DB430181E31BD" author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="60" pageNumber="67" pagination="150 - 159" title="A review of the genus Rhysogaster Aldrich, with descriptions of new genera and new species of Oriental, Ethiopian and Australian Acroceridae (Diptera)." volume="52" year="1959">Schlinger 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 158. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="1FD87089F8424569E341D44310CDB07A" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia flavipes" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">Pterodontia flavipes</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1832: 779 by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40C91E80C985AE096224A8467E2E3D50" pageId="52" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="1D259C43F58BEC2A51A97DA9BC7C27D7" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Nothra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nothra" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nothra</taxonomicName>
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Westwood, 1876: 514 -
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<bibRefCitation id="62560ADE61747277FF1225F20BE98CB1" pageId="52" pageNumber="59">Hardy 1921</bibRefCitation>
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: 77,
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<bibRefCitation id="AB74F227126F3C8CC67842EF019FDB6C" author="Hardy, GH" journalOrPublisher="New South Wales" pageId="58" pageNumber="65" pagination="65 - 71" title="Miscellaneous notes on Australian Diptera. XII. Cyrtidae, Dolichopodidae and Phoridae. Proc. Linn. Soc." volume="71" year="1946">1946</bibRefCitation>
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: 66. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="5C3DCE26FCFC3EA6B5A25087827ADF3E" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Nothra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nothra bicolor" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Nothra bicolor</taxonomicName>
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Westwood, 1876: 514 by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CFEF884605A5EA4CA4BF9161C75A791" pageId="52" pageNumber="59" type="note">
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<paragraph id="4C7B1B1B2334F35E90DD8164D3CAED64" pageId="52" pageNumber="59">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3CBE988EE674075128A3592BB8C5D27D" pageId="52" pageNumber="59">Synonymy and usage list restricted to Australasian region fauna only.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFE497FEC355DB9EF2681D32DB4E1777" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="52" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="69D9A0D3E9A7685B6E9297FF7122259B" pageId="52" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC0CF38E9340D73C0FAB8E1A43CA8991" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="52" pageNumber="59">
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Body length: 3.0-7.0 mm [male], 4.0-10.0 mm [female]. Body shape not arched. Body colouration non-metallic; head much narrower than thorax width; shape nearly spherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli; posterior margin of eye rounded; eye pilose (dense); antennae located adjacent to mouthparts; eyes contiguous above antennal base
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<pageBreakToken id="F00F0CBD01AD358B066162E2BB38BBE6" pageId="53" pageNumber="60" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
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not contiguous below antennal base; palpus absent; proboscis greatly reduced; flagellum stylate, apex with terminal setae (multiple); antenotum shape not collar-like behind head; subscutellum not enlarged, barely visible; tibial spines present; pulvilli present; wing markings absent; costa circumambient; wing costal margin straight or with anterior projection
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<pageBreakToken id="3636FEFB7B09DA7B4BFCE2FF1A245465" pageId="54" pageNumber="61" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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males); humeral crossvein present or reduced; radial veins curved or angled towards wing anterior margin; R1 inflated distally at pterostigma (especially in male); pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; R2+3 present; R4+5 present as single vein; basal cell r4+5 (portion basal to bisecting 2r-m) merged with discal cell to form composite cell comprising d+r4+5; cell m3 absent; medial vein compliment usually a single M vein fused with CuA1, petiolate to margin, sometimes with second medial vein originating from cell d+r4+5; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate, rarely open to wing margin; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula present or absent, rarely well developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen shape greatly rounded, inflated.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="2D1E91057B153EC5703FC15BC1150542" pageId="54" pageNumber="61">
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<paragraph id="B7374CE68D7F42A5EFCA93BB8D26FB1E" pageId="54" pageNumber="61">
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Figure 65.
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<taxonomicName id="9330ED3286551F2117E55BE4A7757ED8" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia davisi" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davisi">Pterodontia davisi</taxonomicName>
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Paramonov, male, dorsal view [700565]. Body length = 7.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="0C66D55A0DBA7FA8BCC6EA585A4EF639" pageId="54" pageNumber="61">
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<paragraph id="D841820FB3C981064746A7A4C108A06E" pageId="54" pageNumber="61">
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Figure 66.
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<taxonomicName id="45841EC201A492ACDF0D91466794AB5B" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia mellii" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellii">Pterodontia mellii</taxonomicName>
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Erichson, female, lateral view [700566]. Body length = 11.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2290AD293CC77747B63477262EC17EC0" pageId="54" pageNumber="61" type="included species">
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<paragraph id="FFA46BE8D180E1B2BB53C69D0A365A2F" pageId="54" pageNumber="61">Included species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B202694499A46B37370D70196D1CA2DD" pageId="54" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="3D186EEC7476E0271A0BB44E7A817E3E" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia davisi" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davisi">Pterodontia davisi</taxonomicName>
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Paramonov, 1957;
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<taxonomicName id="868EB3D9E4BF1FC60066E6024E6A967F" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia longisquama" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisquama">Pterodontia longisquama</taxonomicName>
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Sabrosky, 1947;
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<taxonomicName id="7A58013FAA1D0C862F926D64F49C25CB" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia mellii" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellii">Pterodontia mellii</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="83AB37908A89499E13B099FFE219A568" pageId="54" pageNumber="61">Erichson 1840</bibRefCitation>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="7FF1609CC107C2ED015C103B0651BDAA" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia variegata" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Pterodontia variegata</taxonomicName>
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White, 1914 syn. n.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="90B2BBB8C6943C3740E8DF78C90253B6" pageId="55" pageNumber="62" type="key to australasian pterodontia species">
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<paragraph id="716871056A4664B5A8178DB989D7D21C" pageId="55" pageNumber="62">
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<pageBreakToken id="3651D8C26D992BF6473DA5E176AF0942" pageId="55" pageNumber="62" start="start">Key</pageBreakToken>
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to Australasian
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<taxonomicName id="992B83B819FA5514EEDD958ACD9F44A8" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterodontia</taxonomicName>
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species
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="38EE71B98481854392BAE76DDFA671F9" pageId="55" pageNumber="62">
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<table id="7174232E74DB4AAECF58275B691876F7" pageId="55" pageNumber="62">
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<tr id="6A3B64124AC276364AEE490F3E7EEAAC" pageId="55" pageNumber="62">
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<td id="1AE2548B2BDCDBE7C6AD55EB4B38961A" colspan="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Fig. 66</td>
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<td id="EC183B3C9E31FE0420ED61FF29A3D63F" colspan="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F166E4D43C7900132888179BD26846E9" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia melli" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melli">Pterodontia melli</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="183258AB38E04EAFE1B2BB31DBB72ED4" pageId="55" pageNumber="62">Erichson 1840</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="3317D3DC865E1CAE88A81E6075A04961" pageId="55" pageNumber="62">
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<td id="C529077D4D46C0A8DED4A4916416A71B" colspan="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName id="723886E0E007AFC24763E621CBAD0218" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia longisquama" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longisquama">Pterodontia longisquama</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="38FD92EEA52412D8784FBF2DE60D2325" pageId="55" pageNumber="62">
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<td id="DC43AF96AB5D32F7C4E4D6E2F31134D1" colspan="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Fig. 65</td>
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<td id="1FFBB04DDD0D3A3046ADEC6FFBA62140" colspan="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BF5028A507BE05B469DD76813B5257DB" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia davisi" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davisi">Pterodontia davisi</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="40A46DF82CEF064EA22F6256457697D0" author="Paramonov, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="59" pageNumber="66" pagination="521 - 546" title="A Review of the Australian Acroceridae (Diptera)." url="10.1071/ZO9570521" volume="5" year="1957">Paramonov 1957</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0C859721D10E6C314D2DFF6B3B439C66" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="56" pageNumber="63" type="comments">
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<paragraph id="6C9A27553DA31B1106FA64B0A760C829" pageId="56" pageNumber="63">
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<pageBreakToken id="577B5102EBBA2398F687DC5DD44B2BE2" pageId="56" pageNumber="63" start="start">Comments</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E89FDCE8B70BF31D63E2354B263866C" pageId="56" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="D2AB08A15DC60B1CBE228919A2B31A55" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterodontia</taxonomicName>
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is a cosmopolitan genus containing 19 valid species, three of which are recorded from the Australasian region (
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<bibRefCitation id="B50F56CAD599FFE1F4623D5EBB65765B" author="Schlinger, EI" editor="Evenhuis, NL" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Press," pageId="60" pageNumber="67" pagination="375 - 37" title="Family Acroceridae." volume="86" volumeTitle="Catalog of Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. Bishop Museum Special Publication." year="1989">Schlinger and Jefferies 1989</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="C8D3BD32B4D76211496058215AF18DB7" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia variegata" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Pterodontia variegata</taxonomicName>
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was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="7AA9DEA71AE5A95FC42C69641EFBBD3B" pageId="56" pageNumber="63">White (1914)</bibRefCitation>
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and differentiated from
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<taxonomicName id="1369703A393A1B09A4779D7193EB9A4C" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia melli" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melli">Pterodontia melli</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="2A9D90B1A32C9498FEEEC2B73232A8A6" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia macquarti" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macquarti">Pterodontia macquarti</taxonomicName>
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Westwood, 1848) based on colouration of the fore femur, scutellum and abdomen.
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<bibRefCitation id="0DFD200E6DF2C3EF791DBE3B7E4753FC" author="Paramonov, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology" pageId="59" pageNumber="66" pagination="521 - 546" title="A Review of the Australian Acroceridae (Diptera)." url="10.1071/ZO9570521" volume="5" year="1957">Paramonov (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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examined a range of specimens from various localities and suggested that the former was likely a synonym of the latter. Based on examinations of these and additional specimens this synonymy is supported herein.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="42E0442395DCC9B9E9AD3B98605BCA69" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="56" pageNumber="63">
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Some species of
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<taxonomicName id="86A487495DBD831DE231A59D08B694B2" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterodontia</taxonomicName>
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have greatly enlarged and sclerotized lower calypters, appearing somewhat like a second pair of wings (e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="F3043E1B9D89F7D0674DB472F5D60960" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia davisi" order="Diptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davisi">Pterodontia davisi</taxonomicName>
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). Males in this genus typically have sclerotized projections on the costal margin of the wing. Characteristics which diagnose this genus from other acrocerids include head very small relative to thorax width, tibial spines present, cells m3, d and basal r4+5 fused to form a single cell, eyes densely pilose, antennae adjacent to the ocellar tubercle and mouthparts reduced.
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<pageBreakToken id="2B67214B3525A9775C651E5FF138F7AF" pageId="57" pageNumber="64" start="start">Contrary</pageBreakToken>
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to other authors,
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<taxonomicName id="B82148941872C16067B8381717D9274B" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterodontia</taxonomicName>
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has been placed previously in
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<taxonomicName id="F4A8F3ADA983598A53EA91AA436B89E9" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Panopinae">Panopinae</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="35BDCE64560D5E02340CDCF8693C3BAC" author="Schlinger, EI" editor="McAlpine, JF" journalOrPublisher="Monograph" pageId="60" pageNumber="67" pagination="575 - 584" title="Acroceridae," volume="27" volumeTitle="Manual of Nearctic Diptera. vol. I. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada." year="1981">Schlinger (1981</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="0C8D9CBEAD0CC39DCF14AAC6C3D3AF64" pageId="57" pageNumber="64">1987</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="CBBB7C34619210F817C5CB5FDC42A39E" author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada" pageId="60" pageNumber="67" title="Acroceridae (spider flies, small-headed flies). pp. 551 - 556 In Brown B. V. et al. (Eds) Manual of Central American Diptera: Volume 1." year="2009">1989</bibRefCitation>
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) based on the presence of tibial spines. The wing venation of
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<taxonomicName id="B36D26FEEFDC76D5B60E5FCEC826BD8A" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia" order="Diptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterodontia</taxonomicName>
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is unique among acrocerids.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |