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<document id="126AA1157709BAE3B74088B022732635" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37cf6488-091a-40ce-ae0a-2e251f6254ea" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="236731" ID-ZooBank="C1698260-269E-4D15-A562-D8FF46751F7F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461188715890" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Peña Cantero, Álvaro L." docDate="2015" docId="3D10878AFF88B45F10905DE3FCF33E85" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03972p392.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3972 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhysia halecii Hickson &amp; Gravely 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="389" masterDocId="C129FFF2FF9AB44B10075D3EFFD13F0D" masterDocTitle="Review of some little-known benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Southern Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="392" masterPageNumber="369" pageNumber="387" updateTime="1698600324260" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7AC0416A94748A9852053D721B3D990B">Review of some little-known benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Southern Ocean</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3D10878AFF88B45F10905DE3FCF33E85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5671801" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119629015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5671801" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D10878AFF88B45F10905DE3FCF33E85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D10878AFF88B45F10905DE3FCF33E85" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
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<heading id="EE4E81F0FF88B45910905DE3FD463FFA" bold="true" box="[151,663,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B45910905DE3FD463FFA" ID-CoL="4SVBV" authority="Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,663,221,247]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45910905DE3FD463FFA" bold="true" box="[151,663,221,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45910905DE3FE933FFA" bold="true" box="[151,322,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Rhysia halecii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B45911555DE3FD5E3FFA" author="Hickson" box="[338,655,221,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910905DC1FE553E15" blockId="18.[151,663,221,280]" box="[151,388,255,280]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
(
<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF88B45910985DC1FF353E15" box="[159,228,255,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,203,1153]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1167]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhysia halecii (Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907): A, overview of part of a colony; B, several gonozooids; C, several gastrozooids; D, detail of part of the colony showing high density of gonozooids. Scale bar: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236740/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Figs 9</figureCitation>
A–D, 10A–C)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF88B45910905C76FCF53ED5" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910905C76FB923E71" blockId="18.[151,1436,328,472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="95A911B2FF88B45910905C76FB923E71" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B45910905C76FD8C3E53" authority="Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907: 8" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,605,328,350]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Stylactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45910905C76FEE63E53" box="[151,311,328,350]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Stylactis halecii</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF88B459113A5C76FD8C3E53" author="Hickson" box="[317,605,328,350]" page="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B459113A5C76FD973E53" author="Hickson" box="[317,582,328,350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907</bibRefCitation>
: 8
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
pl. 1 figs 5–6, pl. 4 fig. 33;
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF88B459137C5C77FBCC3E53" author="Kramp" box="[891,1053,328,350]" page="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B459137C5C77FBD43E53" author="Kramp" box="[891,1029,328,350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1932) Hydroids. In: The Godthaab expedition 1928. Meddelelser om Gronland, 79, 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1932">Kramp, 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 7
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF88B459142E5C77FB083E53" author="Iwasa" box="[1065,1241,328,350]" page="262" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B459142E5C77FB763E53" author="Iwasa" box="[1065,1191,328,350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Iwasa, M. (1934) Revision of Stylactis and its allied genera, with description of Stylactella (Stylactis) yerii n. sp. Journal for the Faculty of Science Hokkaido Imperial University, 2, 241 - 277." type="journal article" year="1934">Iwasa, 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 262
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 15–16;
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF88B45915595C77FE7E3E71" author="Boero" page="259" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B45915595C77FEAD3E71" author="Boero" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Boero, F. &amp; Bouillon, J. (1993) Zoogeography and life cycle patterns of Mediterranean hydromedusae (Cnidaria). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 48, 239 - 266. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1993. tb 00890. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Boero &amp; Bouillon, 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 259
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF88B45911BE5C59FD663E71" author="Pena" box="[441,695,358,380]" page="768" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B45911BE5C59FD553E71" author="Pena" box="[441,644,358,380]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2004) How rich is the deep-sea Antarctic benthic hydroid fauna? Polar Biology, 27, 767 - 774. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 004 - 0654 - 9" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero, 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 768
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF88B45912C65C58FC163E71" author="Bouillon" box="[705,967,358,381]" page="157" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B45912C65C58FC443E71" author="Bouillon" box="[705,917,358,381]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. M. &amp; Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 194, 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
Bouillon
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45913275C56FC9C3E71" box="[800,845,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
: 157
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 88E, F.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910905CBBFD4C3E96" blockId="18.[151,1436,328,472]" box="[151,669,389,411]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="95A911B2FF88B45910905CBBFD4C3E96" box="[151,669,389,411]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B45910905CBBFE933E96" box="[151,322,389,411]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Halerella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45910905CBBFE933E96" box="[151,322,389,411]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Halerella halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF88B459115B5CBBFDF73E96" author="Stechow" box="[348,550,389,411]" page="401" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B459115B5CBBFE223E96" author="Stechow" box="[348,499,389,411]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse de Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia' 1898 - 1899, 17, 383 - 546." type="journal article" year="1925">Stechow, 1925</bibRefCitation>
: 401
</treatmentCitation>
; 1962: 417.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910905C9AFD803EB7" blockId="18.[151,1436,328,472]" box="[151,593,420,442]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="95A911B2FF88B45910905C9AFD803EB7" box="[151,593,420,442]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B45910905C9AFE813EB7" box="[151,336,420,442]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Stylactaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45910905C9AFE813EB7" box="[151,336,420,442]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Stylactaria halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF88B459116D5C9AFD9C3EB7" author="Namikawa" box="[362,589,420,442]" page="810" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B459116D5C9AFDCB3EB7" author="Namikawa" box="[362,538,420,442]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Namikawa, H. (1991) A new species of the genus Stylactaria (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hokkaido, Japan. Zoological Science, 8, 805 - 812." type="journal article" year="1991">Namikawa, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 810
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910905CFDFCF53ED5" blockId="18.[151,1436,328,472]" box="[151,804,450,472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="95A911B2FF88B45910905CFDFCF53ED5" box="[151,804,450,472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
Not
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B45910C45CFCFEB23ED5" box="[195,355,450,472]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Stylactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45910C45CFCFEB23ED5" box="[195,355,450,472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Stylactis halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF88B459117A5CFCFD963ED5" author="Hirohito" box="[381,583,450,472]" page="128" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B459117A5CFCFDC43ED5" author="Hirohito" box="[381,533,450,472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1988) The hydroids of Sagami Bay collected by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan. Biological Laboratory of the Imperial Household, Tokyo, 1 - 179, pls. 1 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1988">Hirohito, 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 128
</treatmentCitation>
, 131–132, fig. 48a, b.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF88B45910905F3BFBBF3D4F" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910905F3BFBBF3D4F" blockId="18.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45910905F3BFE523D13" bold="true" box="[151,387,517,542]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B459118A5F38FE2E3D10" box="[397,511,518,541]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Discovery</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF88B459120E5F3BFDA03D13" box="[521,625,517,542]" name="Antarctica" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Expedition
<date id="C107105CFF88B45913075F38FCB03D13" box="[768,865,518,542]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" value="1901" valueMax="1904">1901-04</date>
:
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF88B45913685F38FC763D13" box="[879,935,518,542]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Type</typeStatus>
(NHM 1907.8.20.4),
<date id="C107105CFF88B45914A25F38FACD3D13" box="[1189,1308,518,542]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" value="1902-02-28">28.II.1902</date>
, McMurdo Bay (Ross Sea), 20 fms, colony growing on
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B45912805F17FC4C3D4F" box="[647,925,553,578]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Hydrodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45912805F17FC4C3D4F" box="[647,925,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Hydrodendron arboreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with gonozooids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF88B45910C05F73FB4839CF" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" type="description">
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910C05F73FD043C17" blockId="18.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45910C05F73FE883D6B" bold="true" box="[199,345,589,614]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Description.</emphasis>
Stolonal colony growing on stems of
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B45913475F73FB8E3D6B" box="[832,1119,589,614]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Hydrodendron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45913475F73FB8E3D6B" box="[832,1119,589,614]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Hydrodendron arboreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF88B459147F5F73FB123D6B" box="[1144,1219,589,614]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,203,1153]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1167]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhysia halecii (Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907): A, overview of part of a colony; B, several gonozooids; C, several gastrozooids; D, detail of part of the colony showing high density of gonozooids. Scale bar: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236740/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A–D). ‘Encrusting hydrorhiza consisting of a dense mass of branching and anastomosing tubes (fig. 6). Each tube is covered with its own very thin sheath of perisarc (fig. 33) and there is no common sheath of coenosarc covering the hydrorhiza as a whole, … In the central parts of the hydrorhiza the tubes are closely packed, anastomose freely, and are disposed in several layers. At the periphery however the tubes are reduced to a single layer, become more dispersed, and anastomose slightly’ (
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B459118B5E3FFD163C17" author="Hickson" box="[396,711,769,794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely 1907: 9</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910C05E1BFBAF3C33" blockId="18.[151,1437,517,2018]" box="[199,1150,805,830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
Colony polymorphic, with gastrozooids, gonozooids and dactylozooids (
<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF88B45913F35E1BFBE73C33" box="[1012,1078,805,830]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,203,1153]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1167]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhysia halecii (Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907): A, overview of part of a colony; B, several gonozooids; C, several gastrozooids; D, detail of part of the colony showing high density of gonozooids. Scale bar: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236740/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A–D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910C05E77FD833CA7" blockId="18.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
Gastrozooids (
<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF88B459116C5E77FE7E3C6F" box="[363,431,841,866]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,203,1153]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1167]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhysia halecii (Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907): A, overview of part of a colony; B, several gonozooids; C, several gastrozooids; D, detail of part of the colony showing high density of gonozooids. Scale bar: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236740/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C, 10A), c. 1050 µm high and c. 250 µm in maximum diameter, with conical hypostome and a distal crown of eight to nine filiform tentacles [six to ten according to
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B459144B5E53FA403C8B" author="Hickson" box="[1100,1425,877,902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely (1907)</bibRefCitation>
]. Nematocysts concentrated on their tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910C05E8BFEDA3B1B" blockId="18.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
Dactylozooids short (c. 200 µm high and 80 µm in maximum diameter), finger-shaped, distally swollen and with a high concentration of large nematocysts (
<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF88B45912B05EE7FCDB3CFF" box="[695,778,985,1010]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1313,1335]" captionTargetBox="[159,1421,466,1278]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,447,1291]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Rhysia halecii (Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907): A, gastrozooid; B, gonozooid; C, dactylozooid. Scale bar: 250 µm (A, B), 125 µm (C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236741/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
C). Dactylozooids covered by a perisarc sheath, except for distal pad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910C0591FFDED3B8F" blockId="18.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
Gonozooids shorter than gastrozooids (c. 850 µm high and c. 370 µm in maximum diameter), with short, rounded hypostome, without tentacles or just with a few tentacle buds, without gonophores (gametes developing into body wall) (
<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF88B45911565957FE463B8F" box="[337,407,1129,1154]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1189,1211]" captionTargetBox="[160,1425,203,1153]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1167]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Rhysia halecii (Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907): A, overview of part of a colony; B, several gonozooids; C, several gastrozooids; D, detail of part of the colony showing high density of gonozooids. Scale bar: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236740/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Figs 9</figureCitation>
A–B, D, 10B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910C059B3FDB43A3B" blockId="18.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
‘The body of the blastostyle is usually considerably dilated and has a superficial resemblance to a simple ovoid sporosac’. ‘The medusoid structure of the gonosome is completely reduced in the male, … The sperm cells (fig. 33,
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B459109059E8FF613BE0" box="[151,176,1238,1261]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">sp</emphasis>
.) are found in a dense cluster between the ectoderm and endoderm even in the youngest blastostyles we have examined (
<quantity id="72419B79FF88B459111159C4FEA13A1C" box="[278,368,1274,1298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
in length), and neither in these nor in the older blastostyles can we find any true medusoid structures.’ (
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B45911255823FD8A3A3B" author="Hickson" box="[290,603,1309,1334]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely 1907: 9</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910C0587FFB473AE4" blockId="18.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
Cnidome consisting of three
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF88B4591215587CFD9C3A57" box="[530,589,1346,1370]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">types</typeStatus>
of nematocysts: desmonemes, isorhizas and microbasic euryteles (the last
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF88B45910905858FF163A73" box="[151,199,1382,1406]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">type</typeStatus>
represented by three size categories). All
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF88B45912C15858FCD03A73" box="[710,769,1382,1406]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">types</typeStatus>
on gastrozooid body. However, the largest
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF88B45915095858FA903A73" box="[1294,1345,1382,1406]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">type</typeStatus>
, largest microbasic eurytele, concentrated on hypostome of gastrozooids, hypostome and tentacle buds of gonozooids, and dactylozooids; also present on the spadix. Isorhizas and normal microbasic euryteles concentrated on tentacle tips of gastrozooids. Coma-shaped microbasic euryteles also present on gonozooids, but scarce.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910C058C8FB4839CF" blockId="18.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
Measurements (in µm).
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45911D858CBFD953903" box="[479,580,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Cnidome</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF88B459125158C8FD5F3903" box="[598,654,1526,1550]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Type</typeStatus>
I (isorhizas) [range 20.0–22.0 x 7.0–8.5, mean 21.2±0.5 x 7.8±0.5 (n=10); ratio, range 2.5–3.0, mean 2.7±0.1 (n=10)],
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF88B45912F15B24FCFF393F" box="[758,814,1562,1586]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Type</typeStatus>
II (microbasic euryteles) [range 11.5–12.5 x 6.0–8.0, mean 12.3±0.3 x 7.2±0.6 (n=10); ratio, range 1.5–2.0, mean 1.7±0.1 (n=10)],
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF88B45914355B00FBBB395B" box="[1074,1130,1598,1622]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Type</typeStatus>
III (microbasic euryteles) [range 27.0–30.5 x 11.0–14.5, mean 28.3±1.0 x 12.8±1.1 (n=10); ratio, range 2.1–2.6, mean 2.2±0.2 (n=10); shaft c. 25 long],
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF88B45911215BB8FE8C3993" box="[294,349,1670,1694]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Type</typeStatus>
IV (coma-shaped microbasic euryteles) [range 12.5–13.5 x 5.5–6.0, mean 12.9±0.3 x 5.6±0.2 (n=10); ratio, range 2.2–2.4, mean 2.3±0.1 (n=10)], desmonemes [range 5.0–6.0 x 3.5–4.0].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF88B45F10C05BF3FCF33E85" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910C05BF3FAA5385F" blockId="18.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45910C05BF3FEEA39EB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1741,1766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B45911C75BF3FDA939EB" author="Hirohito" box="[448,632,1741,1766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1988) The hydroids of Sagami Bay collected by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan. Biological Laboratory of the Imperial Household, Tokyo, 1 - 179, pls. 1 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1988">Hirohito (1988)</bibRefCitation>
considered the genus
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B459138B5BF3FC0939EB" box="[908,984,1741,1766]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B459138B5BF3FC0939EB" box="[908,984,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Rhysia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(family
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B45914405BF3FB6839EB" box="[1095,1209,1741,1766]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Rhysiidae</taxonomicName>
) synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B45910905BCFFD8F3807" authority="Brinckmann-Voss et al. (1993)" authorityName="Brinckmann-Voss et al." authorityYear="1993" box="[151,606,1777,1802]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Stylactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45910905BCFFF253807" box="[151,244,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">Stylactis</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B45911045BCFFD8F3807" box="[259,606,1777,1802]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A., Lickey, D. M. &amp; Mills, C. E. (1993) Rhysia fletcheri (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Rhysiidae), a new species of colonial hydroid from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the San Juan Archipelago (Washington, U. S. A.). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71, 401 - 406. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 93 - 056" type="journal article">
Brinckmann-Voss
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45911D45BCCFDDD3807" box="[467,524,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
retained both the family and the genus as valid [This is also the currently accepted view (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B45911835A2BFDA73823" author="Bouillon" box="[388,630,1813,1838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. M. &amp; Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 194, 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
Bouillon
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45911F55A28FDF93823" box="[498,552,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B45912825A2BFCEE3823" author="Schuchert" box="[645,831,1813,1838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Schuchert, P. (2014) Rhysia halecii (Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907). In: Schuchert, P. (2014) World Hydrozoa database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 231574 (15 January 2015)" type="journal article" year="2014">Schuchert 2014</bibRefCitation>
)], arguing that the structure of the gonozooid, with gonophores reduced to mere gonads, is very different from that of representatives of the family
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B45914C15A07FAA1385F" box="[1222,1392,1849,1874]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Hydractiniidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF88B45910C05A63FC1A38EF" blockId="18.[151,1437,517,2018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF88B45910C05A63FDF3387B" box="[199,546,1885,1910]" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A., Lickey, D. M. &amp; Mills, C. E. (1993) Rhysia fletcheri (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Rhysiidae), a new species of colonial hydroid from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the San Juan Archipelago (Washington, U. S. A.). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71, 401 - 406. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 93 - 056" type="journal article">
Brinckmann-Voss
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45911905A60FE01387B" box="[407,464,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
correctly pointed out that the relationships of
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF88B45914365A60FB4F387B" box="[1073,1182,1885,1910]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Stylactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="387" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF88B45914365A60FB4F387B" box="[1073,1182,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="387">R. halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the other species of the genus were difficult to determine because female gonozooids and nematocysts were not described in the original description. Here, I have tried to complete the description of this species and, consequently, clarify its relationships with the other species of the genus by studying its cnidome.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E1C66614FF89B4581090599BFAE73BD4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236740/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" targetBox="[160,1425,203,1153]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="B506369CFF89B4581090599BFAE73BD4" blockId="19.[151,1436,1188,1241]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B4581090599BFEC43BB7" bold="true" box="[151,277,1189,1211]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B458111A599AFD093BB7" authority="Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[285,728,1188,1210]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B458111A599AFE613BB7" box="[285,432,1188,1210]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">Rhysia halecii</emphasis>
(Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
: A, overview of part of a colony; B, several gonozooids; C, several gastrozooids; D, detail of part of the colony showing high density of gonozooids. Scale bar: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (C–D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF89B45810C0583EFB313AC0" blockId="19.[151,1437,1280,2025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF89B45810C0583EFDFC3A14" box="[199,557,1280,1305]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A., Lickey, D. M. &amp; Mills, C. E. (1993) Rhysia fletcheri (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Rhysiidae), a new species of colonial hydroid from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the San Juan Archipelago (Washington, U. S. A.). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71, 401 - 406. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 93 - 056" type="journal article">
Brinckmann-Voss
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B458119D583CFE063A14" box="[410,471,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
already indicated that
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B458133A583EFC233A14" box="[829,1010,1280,1305]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B458133A583EFC233A14" box="[829,1010,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">Rhysia fletcheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B4581557583EFEC53A30" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="autumnalis">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B4581557583EFEC53A30" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">Rhysia autumnalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B45811495818FE6A3A30" box="[334,443,1316,1341]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B45811495818FE6A3A30" box="[334,443,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">R. halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by morphological characters (see Table
<quantity id="72419B79FF89B4581389581BFC6A3A30" box="[910,955,1316,1341]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF89B45813C3581AFAC53A30" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[964,1300,1316,1341]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A., Lickey, D. M. &amp; Mills, C. E. (1993) Rhysia fletcheri (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Rhysiidae), a new species of colonial hydroid from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the San Juan Archipelago (Washington, U. S. A.). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71, 401 - 406. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 93 - 056" type="journal article" year="1993">
Brinckmann-Voss
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B45814935818FB163A30" box="[1172,1223,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">et al</emphasis>
. 1993
</bibRefCitation>
). In fact,
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B45815835818FF253A6C" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B45815835818FF253A6C" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">R. fletcheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has gastrozooids with nematocyst clusters around the hypostome and there are no dactylozooids [according to Schuchert (pers. com.), it can have tentaculozooids]. On the other hand, they indicated that
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B45815835850FEC53AA4" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="autumnalis">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B45815835850FEC53AA4" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">R. autumnalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B458115F58ACFE1A3AA4" box="[344,459,1424,1449]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B458115F58ACFE1A3AA4" box="[344,459,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">R. halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were largely distinguished by meristic characters, that both species were widely separated zoogeographically, and that they occur under quite dissimilar environmental conditions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF89B45810C058E6FC0639A8" blockId="19.[151,1437,1280,2025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF89B45810C058E6FDCC3AFC" box="[199,541,1496,1521]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A., Lickey, D. M. &amp; Mills, C. E. (1993) Rhysia fletcheri (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Rhysiidae), a new species of colonial hydroid from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the San Juan Archipelago (Washington, U. S. A.). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71, 401 - 406. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 93 - 056" type="journal article">
Brinckmann-Voss
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B458119258E4FE1C3AFC" box="[405,461,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
also studied the cnidome of
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B458135C58E4FC263AFC" box="[859,1015,1496,1521]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="autumnalis">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B458135C58E4FC263AFC" box="[859,1015,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">R. autumnalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B458142C58E4FB773AFC" box="[1067,1190,1496,1521]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B458142C58E4FB773AFC" box="[1067,1190,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">R. fletcheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, finding desmonemes and microbasic euryteles of two size classes and indicating that the size and distribution of large and small microbasic euryteles [20.2 x 9.6 µm and 9.6 x 4.8 µm, respectively] on the hypostome and tentacles are similar in both species: large microbasic euryteles concentrated on the hypostome and much more numerous in gastrozooids than in gonozooids; small microbasic euryteles and desmonemes on the tentacles, abundant on those of gastrozooids but scarce on gonozooid tentacles, being confined to the tips.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF89B45810C05B8EFCFB381C" blockId="19.[151,1437,1280,2025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF89B45810C05B8EFE5E39C4" author="Schuchert" box="[199,399,1712,1737]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" refString="Schuchert, P. (2008) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera part 3. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 115, 221 - 302." type="journal article" year="2008">Schuchert (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, however, indicated the presence of desmonemes (4–
<date id="C107105CFF89B45813FA5B8EFBDB39C4" box="[1021,1034,1712,1737]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">5</date>
x 3 µm) and three size classes of microbasic euryteles (
<date id="C107105CFF89B458118B5BEBFDDB39E0" box="[396,522,1749,1773]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" value="2011-10-29" valueMax="2011-10-31" valueMin="2011-10-29">29–31 x 11</date>
µm,
<date id="C107105CFF89B45812425BEAFD7639E0" box="[581,679,1748,1773]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" value="1916-10-05" valueMax="1916-10-06" valueMin="1916-10-05">16 x 5–6</date>
µm and
<date id="C107105CFF89B458130E5BEBFCFD39E1" box="[777,812,1749,1773]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">8 x</date>
4–5 µm) in the
<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF89B45813D85BEBFBDE39E0" box="[991,1039,1749,1773]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B45814915BE8FAE039E0" box="[1174,1329,1748,1773]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="autumnalis">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B45814915BE8FAE039E0" box="[1174,1329,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">R. autumnalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; medium euryteles on the hypostome and smallest ones on tentacles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF89B45810C05A22FEE13870" blockId="19.[151,1437,1280,2025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B45810C05A22FEB73838" box="[199,358,1820,1845]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B45810C05A22FEB73838" box="[199,358,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">Rhysia halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs clearly from both species in the cnidome.
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF89B458138A5A23FC7D3838" box="[909,940,1821,1845]" name="American Samoa" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">As</collectingCountry>
I have shown above, its cnidome consists of desmonemes, three categories of microbasic euryteles, and also isorhizas, which have never been described in the other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF89B45F10C05AB6FA443E4D" blockId="19.[151,1437,1280,2025]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="389" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF89B45810C05AB6FEA938AC" author="Hirohito" box="[199,376,1928,1953]" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1988) The hydroids of Sagami Bay collected by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan. Biological Laboratory of the Imperial Household, Tokyo, 1 - 179, pls. 1 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1988">Hirohito (1988)</bibRefCitation>
assigned to
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B45812015AB4FDA338AC" box="[518,626,1928,1953]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B45812015AB4FDA338AC" box="[518,626,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">R. halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material from Sagami Bay (
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF89B45813B25AB7FC2938AC" box="[949,1016,1929,1953]" name="Japan" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">Japan</collectingCountry>
) that is morphologically very similar to Hickson &amp; Gravely’s species, although the size of gastrozooids, gonozooids and dactylozooids is two-fold. In addition, the gonozooids seem to have well-developed tentacles, when present, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF89B45814915AECFAD038E4" box="[1174,1281,2000,2025]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="388" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF89B45814915AECFAD038E4" box="[1174,1281,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="388">R. halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the tentacles, if present, are short or simple tentacle buds. In any case, Hirohito’s material clearly differs from
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF8EB45F14E15DA7FA853FBD" box="[1254,1364,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="389" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF8EB45F14E15DA7FA853FBD" box="[1254,1364,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="389">R. halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the size of the largest nematocysts (microbasic euryteles): up to
<date id="C107105CFF8EB45F133B5D82FC533FD8" box="[828,898,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="389" value="1915-10-05">15 x 5</date>
µm in Hirohito’s material and up to 30.5 x 14.5 µm in
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF8EB45F10E25DDFFE823FF5" box="[229,339,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="389" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF8EB45F10E25DDFFE823FF5" box="[229,339,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="389">R. halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There are also important geographical reasons to consider both species different.
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF8EB45F150A5DDEFAFD3FF5" box="[1293,1324,224,248]" name="American Samoa" pageId="20" pageNumber="389">As</collectingCountry>
indicated above, Hirohito’s material comes from
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF8EB45F12555C3BFD443E11" box="[594,661,261,284]" name="Japan" pageId="20" pageNumber="389">Japan</collectingCountry>
, whereas
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF8EB45F13035C3BFCBE3E10" box="[772,879,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="389" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF8EB45F13035C3BFCBE3E10" box="[772,879,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="389">R. halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comes from High
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF8EB45F14435C3AFB6D3E10" box="[1092,1212,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Gravelya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="377" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF8EB45F14435C3AFB6D3E10" box="[1092,1212,260,285]" name="Antarctica" pageId="20" pageNumber="389">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
. Hirohito’s material might correspond to a different, new species of
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF8EB45F12AD5C19FD263E4D" box="[682,759,295,320]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="389" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF8EB45F12AD5C19FD263E4D" box="[682,759,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="389">Rhysia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since it also differs from the other two species of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B506369CFF8EB45F10C05C72FCF33E85" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF8EB45F10C05C72FE283E68" bold="true" box="[199,505,332,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="389">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF8EB45F12065C72FD733E68" box="[513,674,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Rhysiidae" genus="Rhysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="389" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="halecii">
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF8EB45F12065C72FD733E68" box="[513,674,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="389">Rhysia halecii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from McMurdo Bay, in the Ross Sea, where it was collected at
<quantity id="72419B79FF8EB45F11195C51FE883E8A" box="[286,345,367,392]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="20" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="36.0">36 m</quantity>
, in February (
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF8EB45F11F25C51FCC43E85" author="Hickson" box="[501,789,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="389" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34, pls 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely 1907</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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