236 lines
30 KiB
XML
236 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="26D68D5FE0CAB5622373603FC3F7A878">Phylogenetic placement of a new Melanophilharmostes Paulian, 1968 pill scarab (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) from Cameroon: molecular results decipher misleading morphology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C5D81362B21731C5B48BA8141F9AE8BC">Grebennikov, Vasily V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A5BE70A83CA1C1BA92729B2BA3532150">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0C0FBEAA5704ACAE042D6F1D14C11BFF">
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<mods:date id="B088658BA849B236D106FA8AB983318D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9CE1BC26BB83378490514B7B8B91A8E9">2022-01-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="D71C072CFFCCFFB3E0C429EEFE40030C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826882" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191924650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5826882" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D71C072CFFCCFFB3E0C429EEFE40030C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D71C072CFFCCFFB3E0C429EEFE40030C" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">
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<taxonomicName id="98B5CDB9FFCCFFB3E0C429EEFD0A071D" ID-CoL="8TJQR" authority="Grebennikov" authorityName="Grebennikov" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,657,510,537]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Melanophilharmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuber" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="6DC16A28FFCCFFB3E0C429EEFE7C071C" bold="true" box="[151,487,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Melanophilharmostes tuber</emphasis>
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Grebennikov
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="76F2D753FFCCFFB3E2CC29EFFCB5071D" box="[671,814,510,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F0AB63AFFCCFFB3E0C42A33FF640738" blockId="5.[151,814,510,573]" box="[151,255,546,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">
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<figureCitation id="C78EAABFFFCCFFB3E0C42A33FF600738" box="[151,251,546,573]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1810,1834]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,957,1786]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,183,1505]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1434,184,1796]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1434,184,1796]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1431,464,1568]" captionTargetId-0="figure-287@3.[151,1435,957,1786]" captionTargetId-1="figure-32@4.[151,1435,181,1505]" captionTargetId-2="figure-32@6.[151,1435,181,1798]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1798]" captionTargetId-4="figure-149@8.[151,1435,453,1568]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov, new species.A–E: habitus of the conglobate holotype, dorsal (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), ventral (D), and posterior (E) views; F: habitat of paratype on Mt. Kupe; G: distribution of M. tuber." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov,new species, holotype, habitus (A–C; right mesothoracic andmetathoracic legs removed), hind wing (D), antenna (E), and head (F–G)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Habitus of select sequenced specimens of Melanophilharmostes and Pseudopterorthochaetes, dorsal view; images are to scale. Note pilosity on pronota and elytra distinguishing both genera. Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov, new species is immediately recognisable by possessing three unique characters: uneven pronotal surface, lateral elytral carina, and exceptionally deep microsculpture on the head, pronotum, and elytra." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Habitus of select sequenced specimens of Melanophilharmostes and Pseudopterorthochaetes, lateral view; images are to scale." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Maximum likelihood tree of Ceratocanthinae pill scarabs (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae) reconstructed by RAxML from the three-fragment concatenated matrix. Non-target clades are collapsed (see Grebennikov 2021 for their details). Except for the aberrant position of the Melanophilharmostes terminal 9604, M. tuber Grebennikov, new species, is inside monophyletic Melanophilharmostes, sister to monophyletic Pseudopterorthochaetes. Both genera are inside the monophyletic Synarmostes group of four genera. Habitus images are to scale; small black arrows indicate imaged specimens." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826880" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826884" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826886" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826888" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826890" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5826880/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5826884/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5826886/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5826888/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5826890/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
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.
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locality.
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, Mt.
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,
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,
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(deposited in the
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,
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, Canada), female, “
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, sift.
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<specimenCode id="0F131E41FFCCFFB3E57B2AA3FAE807C8" box="[1320,1395,691,717]" collectionCode="CM" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">CM09</specimenCode>
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,
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. Grebennikov.”, “CNCCOLVG00009477”
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<typeStatus id="800E0898FFCCFFB3E2D12AC7FD7F07F4" box="[642,740,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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(deposited in the
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,
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), not sexed, “
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, Mt. Kupe,
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,
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,
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,
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||
</date>
|
||
, sift.
|
||
<specimenCode id="0F131E41FFCCFFB3E51D2AEBFA030610" box="[1358,1432,763,789]" collectionCode="CM" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">CM13</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="39A42EFFFFCCFFB3E0C42B0FFF30063C" box="[151,171,799,825]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
. Grebennikov.”, “CNCCOLVG00009488”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17AFE5B1FFCCFFB3E0942B52FE6801A4" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F0AB63AFFCCFFB3E0942B52FE6801A4" blockId="5.[151,1437,618,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DC16A28FFCCFFB3E0942B52FEC20659" bold="true" box="[199,345,834,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="800E0898FFCCFFB3E10C2B53FE5C0658" box="[351,455,835,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
maximal body length (in rolled position,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C78EAABFFFCCFFB3E3C12B53FC720658" box="[914,1001,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,957,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-287@3.[151,1435,957,1786]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov, new species.A–E: habitus of the conglobate holotype, dorsal (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), ventral (D), and posterior (E) views; F: habitat of paratype on Mt. Kupe; G: distribution of M. tuber." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826880/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<quantity id="984D1BDFFFCCFFB3E3AD2B52FBC90658" box="[1022,1106,834,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="800E0898FFCCFFB3E4332B53FB5D0658" box="[1120,1222,835,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="984D1BDFFFCCFFB3E49C2B52FAB30658" box="[1231,1320,834,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), maximal body width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C78EAABFFFCCFFB3E1742B77FEF00684" box="[295,363,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,957,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-287@3.[151,1435,957,1786]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov, new species.A–E: habitus of the conglobate holotype, dorsal (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), ventral (D), and posterior (E) views; F: habitat of paratype on Mt. Kupe; G: distribution of M. tuber." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826880/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<quantity id="984D1BDFFFCCFFB3E1D72B77FE400684" box="[388,475,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="800E0898FFCCFFB3E1B92B77FDCB0684" box="[490,592,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="984D1BDFFFCCFFB3E20F2B77FD2C0684" box="[604,695,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Head distinctly convex, clypeal disc gibbose. Interocular bridge completely subdividing each eye into smaller dorsal and larger ventral parts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C78EAABFFFCCFFB3E4492B9BFBEE06A0" box="[1050,1141,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,183,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1435,181,1505]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov,new species, holotype, habitus (A–C; right mesothoracic andmetathoracic legs removed), hind wing (D), antenna (E), and head (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
); antenna with seemingly 10 antennomeres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C78EAABFFFCCFFB3E1382BBFFE5B06CC" box="[363,448,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,183,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1435,181,1505]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov,new species, holotype, habitus (A–C; right mesothoracic andmetathoracic legs removed), hind wing (D), antenna (E), and head (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
, not dissected to make exact count); head, pronotum, and elytra with deep and dense microsculpture (horseshoe-shaped and comma-shaped), as well as with sparse, short, and distinct pilosity; surface of pronotum uneven, with bumps and depressions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C78EAABFFFCCFFB3E2B12BE7FCA40114" box="[738,831,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,183,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1435,181,1505]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov,new species, holotype, habitus (A–C; right mesothoracic andmetathoracic legs removed), hind wing (D), antenna (E), and head (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
); each elytron with notable lateral longitudinal sharp carina interrupted in posterior part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C78EAABFFFCCFFB3E2762C0BFD380130" box="[549,675,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,183,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1435,181,1505]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov,new species, holotype, habitus (A–C; right mesothoracic andmetathoracic legs removed), hind wing (D), antenna (E), and head (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Figs 2B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); hind wings fully developed; distal fork of vein CuA present; distal expansion of vein MP 1+2 cannot be verified using single available wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C78EAABFFFCCFFB3E3852C2FFBAB015C" box="[982,1072,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,183,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1435,181,1505]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov,new species, holotype, habitus (A–C; right mesothoracic andmetathoracic legs removed), hind wing (D), antenna (E), and head (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male genitalia unknown. DNA data of
|
||
<typeStatus id="800E0898FFCCFFB3E0BA2C73FED40178" box="[233,335,1123,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="40E62BD9FFCCFFB3E10A2C73FE7B0178" box="[345,480,1123,1149]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW899169" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="EnaNcbi">MW899169</accessionNumber>
|
||
(COI) and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="40E62BD9FFCCFFB3E20E2C72FD7F0178" box="[605,740,1122,1149]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW845067" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="EnaNcbi">MW845067</accessionNumber>
|
||
(28S); DNA data of
|
||
<typeStatus id="800E0898FFCCFFB3E3992C73FBB40178" box="[970,1071,1123,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="40E62BD9FFCCFFB3E46B2C73FB240178" box="[1080,1215,1123,1149]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW899176" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="EnaNcbi">MW899176</accessionNumber>
|
||
(COI),
|
||
<accessionNumber id="40E62BD9FFCCFFB3E5462C72FA070178" box="[1301,1436,1122,1149]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW845087" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="EnaNcbi">MW845087</accessionNumber>
|
||
(ITS2), and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="40E62BD9FFCCFFB3E14C2C96FE3C01A4" box="[287,423,1158,1185]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW845074" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="EnaNcbi">MW845074</accessionNumber>
|
||
(28S).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17AFE5B1FFCCFFB3E0942CBAFC3A0034" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F0AB63AFFCCFFB3E0942CBAFC3A0034" blockId="5.[151,1437,618,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DC16A28FFCCFFB3E0942CBAFED901C1" bold="true" box="[199,322,1194,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98B5CDB9FFCCFFB3E1992CBBFDC301C0" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1843" box="[458,600,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DC16A28FFCCFFB3E1992CBBFDC301C0" box="[458,600,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Synarmostes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of four Afrotropical genera (including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27A2F6AAFFCCFFB3E4372CBBFB7001C0" box="[1124,1259,1195,1221]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27A2F6AAFFCCFFB3E5762CBBFA0B01C0" box="[1317,1424,1195,1221]" name="Comoros" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Comoros</collectingCountry>
|
||
), this species can be immediately recognised by any of its four diagnostic characters: (1) head distinctly convex with clypeal disc gibbose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C78EAABFFFCCFFB3E1DB2CE3FE460008" box="[392,477,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,183,1505]" captionTargetId="figure-32@4.[151,1435,181,1505]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Melanophilharmostes tuber Grebennikov,new species, holotype, habitus (A–C; right mesothoracic andmetathoracic legs removed), hind wing (D), antenna (E), and head (F–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5826884/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
), (2) bumpy pronotum, (3) notably developed longitudinal carina on each elytron, and (4) deep and dense microsculpture on the head, pronotum, and elytra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="17AFE5B1FFCCFFB3E0942D2AFE40030C" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F0AB63AFFCCFFB3E0942D2AFE55007C" blockId="5.[151,1437,618,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DC16A28FFCCFFB3E0942D2AFEFA0051" bold="true" box="[199,353,1338,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is known from two Cameroonian localities about
|
||
<quantity id="984D1BDFFFCCFFB3E44D2D2BFBE80050" box="[1054,1139,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
|
||
apart: Mt.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="27A2F6AAFFCCFFB3E4BD2D2BFAF80050" box="[1262,1379,1339,1365]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="984D1BDFFFCCFFB3E5222D2BFF35007C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.33" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" unit="m" value="233.0">233 m</quantity>
|
||
) and Mt. Kupe (
|
||
<quantity id="984D1BDFFFCCFFB3E1342D4EFE5A007C" box="[359,449,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.523" pageId="5" pageNumber="446" unit="m" value="1523.0">1523 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F0AB63AFFCCFFB3E0942D93FB310098" blockId="5.[151,1437,618,1545]" box="[199,1194,1410,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DC16A28FFCCFFB3E0942D93FE100099" bold="true" box="[199,395,1410,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
Both specimens were collected by sifting forest leaf litter in rainforest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F0AB63AFFCCFFB3E0942DB6FE40030C" blockId="5.[151,1437,618,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DC16A28FFCCFFB3E0942DB6FE2D00C4" bold="true" box="[199,438,1446,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="446">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet is the Latin noun meaning “a hump, bump, swelling, protuberance”, with reference to the peculiarly bumpy pronotum of the new species distinguishing it from all its congeners; it is used as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |