212 lines
19 KiB
XML
212 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57127ecf-70b4-42ab-80a8-db5c6970cc3a" ID-PMC="PMC4023268" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-405-1" ID-PubMed="24843275" ID-ZBK="0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-405-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 405" ModsDocTitle="Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)" checkinTime="1451245943323" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio & Shaw, Scott Richard" docDate="2014" docId="82AFF39CD39B33231EB615B5CC868440" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 405: 1-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 405" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402" docTitle="Aleiodes dyeri Shimbori & Shaw, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="6319072D-5E3A-4963-B0E2-135DBA18F0E4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF8C5F2CC211FFCEFFD5A74443758641" masterDocTitle="Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1668158296605" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Shaw, Scott Richard</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>405</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>81</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-405-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052776" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6319072D-5E3A-4963-B0E2-135DBA18F0E4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/82AFF39CD39B33231EB615B5CC868440" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/6319072D-5E3A-4963-B0E2-135DBA18F0E4" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dyeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dyeri">Aleiodes dyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="29" pageNumber="30">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figures 38-40, 122
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description of holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Female (holotype). Body length 6.1 mm; antenna length 6+ mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Color. Head honey yellow, ocellar triangle black; antenna dark brown, scape slightly lighter. Mesosoma honey yellow, some lighter parts on metapleuron and dorsal mesopleuron. Fore leg honey yellow, tarsi slightly darker but 5th tarsomere brown. Mid leg with same pattern of fore leg, but all tarsi brown; coxa, trochanter and trochantellus whitish, coxa with dark lateral stains. Hind leg: coxa mostly dark brown, basal third pale yellow; trochanter and trochantellus white with infuscate stains dorsally; femur black except for narrow basal whitish band; tibia and tarsi dark brown, tibial spurs honey brown. Metasoma black dorsally, ventrally white. Wings hyaline basally, becoming weakly infuscate apically; veins dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Head. Antenna with 53 antennomeres, flagellomeres roughly 2.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; malar space short, just slightly longer than basal width of mandible, and 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
eye height; eyes large, in lateral view temple very narrow, in dorsal view eyes 4.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than temples; occipital carina incomplete, not meeting dorsally and curving toward lateral ocelli, well defined laterally and meeting hypostomal carina; oral space small and circular, maximum width slightly smaller than basal width of mandible; clypeus slightly swollen;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="ocell–ocular">ocell-ocular</normalizedToken>
|
||
distance about 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter of lateral ocellus; maxillary palp not swollen; head surface sculpturing shining granulate, occiput smooth and shining, frons also smooth with small weak concentric wrinkles; higher face with a small longitudinal ridge and transverse rugosity directed to it; frons excavated with excavation bordered by a weak
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“W-shaped”">"W-shaped"</normalizedToken>
|
||
carina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Mesosoma. Sculpturing shining granulate; pronotum foveate; propodeum coarsely shining granular with complete mid-longitudinal carina; notauli shallow and crenulate anteriorly, posteriorly meeting on depressed rugose area; posterior margin of mesoscutum bordered with complete carina; scutellar sulcus with median carina plus three pairs of almost complete lateral carina.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Wings. Fore wing: stigma 3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than high; vein r 0.75
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vein 2RS, slightly longer than vein RS+Mb, and 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vein m-cu; vein 3RSa 0.55
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vein 3RSb, and 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vein 2M; vein 1CUa 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vein 1cu-a; vein 1CUb almost as long as vein 1CUa; vein
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
|
||
M evenly slightly curved. Hind wing: vein m-cu distinct, pigmented and apparently tubular, distinctly antefurcal; M+CU 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1M; vein 1M short, 0.85
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
vein r-m; RS almost parallel to wing margin on basal 1/3 then slightly sinuate; vein M dark brown, well pigmented; vein 2-1A absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Legs. Hind tibia with comb of modified setae; tarsal claw pectinate, bristles relatively long and tightly arranged, with a short gap between pectination and claw base; hind basitarsus 3.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than inner apical spur of hind tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Metasoma. T1, T2 and basal 2/5 of T3 rugose costate, longitudinal carina present along this sculpturing; remainder visible terga granular coriaceous; ovipositor sheaths about as long as tarsomere II; T1 length 1.36
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its apical width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Male unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">Mummy</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Length 8.5 mm, reddish brown (similar to a dipteran Brachycera puparium), most setae fell apart, exit hole irregular, located postero-dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Type-locality: ECUADOR, Napo Province, Yanayacu Biological Station, YY-53568,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.59833336">S00°35.9'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.89">W77°53.4'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2163 m, cloud forest, February 15, 2011.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Type-specimen: Holotype female and mummy, point mounted separately. Top label: "ECUADOR: Napo Province / Yanayacu Biological Station /
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.59833336">S00°35.9'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.89">W77°53.4'</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2163m / CAPEA - NSF-BSI-07-17458 / (hand written) Dec. 2010 / YY-53568; back (hand written):
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“15-Feb-2011”">"15-Feb-2011"</normalizedToken>
|
||
. (UWIM)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Reared from a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Holophaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holophaea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Holophaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Druce (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Erebidae" lsidName="" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) caterpillar (YY-53568), feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Diplazium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diplazium costale" order="Polypodiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costale">Diplazium costale</taxonomicName>
|
||
var. robustum (
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Dryopteridaceae" lsidName="Dryopteridaceae" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">Dryopteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Time span, from host mummification until adult emergence, about 5 weeks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dyeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dyeri">Aleiodes dyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. belongs to the seriatus species-group, where it resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes greeneyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeneyi">Aleiodes greeneyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of the dorsally incomplete occipital carina. It can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes greeneyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeneyi">Aleiodes greeneyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the honey yellow mesosoma (dorsally black in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes greeneyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeneyi">Aleiodes greeneyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the fore wing vein r 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than RS+Mb (1.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes greeneyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeneyi">Aleiodes greeneyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the hind wing vein r-m longer than 1M (shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes greeneyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeneyi">Aleiodes greeneyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dyeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dyeri">Aleiodes dyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes longikeros" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longikeros">Aleiodes longikeros</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. in color patterns. These two species differ in the sculpturing of mesopleuron, being entirely granular in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dyeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dyeri">Aleiodes dyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. but with a smooth elevated area in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes longikeros" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longikeros">Aleiodes longikeros</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. The hind wing vein 1M is shorter than r-m in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dyeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dyeri">Aleiodes dyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., as opposed to being 2.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes longikeros" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longikeros">Aleiodes longikeros</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., and the shape of fore wing vein 1M is weakly sinuate in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dyeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dyeri">Aleiodes dyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., as compared with strongly curved in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes longikeros" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longikeros">Aleiodes longikeros</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Within the Nearctic species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dyeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dyeri">Aleiodes dyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes preclarus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="preclarus">Aleiodes preclarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Marsh & Shaw, 1998, from which it differs in the entire yellowish head but ocellar triangle black (several black spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes preclarus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="preclarus">Aleiodes preclarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), wing veins mostly dark brown except fore wing veins M+CU and 1A, and hind wing veins 1M and M+CU proximally yellowish (pterostigma and fore wing vein C+SC+R with yellow spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes preclarus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="preclarus">Aleiodes preclarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and frons smooth (porcate in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes preclarus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="preclarus">Aleiodes preclarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">The antenna tips of the type specimen have a withered aspect, which makes impossible to measure the exact length of the antenna or describe the shape of the apical flagellomere.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">This species is named after Dr. Lee Dyer, of the University of Nevada (Reno), the lead investigator of the Caterpillars and Parasitoids of the Eastern Andes of Ecuador (CAPEA) project.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Figures 38-44.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes dyeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dyeri">Aleiodes dyeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. 38 habitus 39 host larva,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Holophaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holophaea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Holophaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Erebidae" lsidName="" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) 40 host mummy after parasitoid emergence 41-44
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes elleni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elleni">Aleiodes elleni</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. 41, habitus 42 whole specimen habitus 43 head dorsal 44 metasoma, dorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |