256 lines
32 KiB
XML
256 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="FCC31C104481C7F03083D6B8CA8329C0" ID-CLB-Dataset="26217" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fb8c670e-e341-4236-9b05-402c7f92b8f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3335260" ID-ZooBank="E5A26EB4-1F98-4310-A8D7-A0F933E75D95" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1563173981185" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sim-Smith, Carina & Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2019" docId="03CB87E6FFB6F96DFF7BFF4AFDB0FF2D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4638.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4638 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Penares astronavis Sim-Smith & Kelly 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FFF2FF9EFF9CF941FFECFFD0FF94FFFA" masterDocTitle="Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698741243220" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="CD3A78D3145418B14C908EF432C61028" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0A420A80133D29B61F87BDA81EF8EA72">
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<mods:title id="06B0C5F6006A10502D78DE96E7D911F2">Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="599B9449818921C292E99BAB7520E937" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4996027BA637EC26C4346F402EFC2F9F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B122BA471A0A182EE951DD69C2BB9132">Sim-Smith, Carina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8BD7CC498E4335F7BEFE750561A7E2E7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A015A5F8141265222307F0B25F3DDA09">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A92F9FA332C7D0941E051C18BA56CCA4">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D3AA5F884525BFA0DBDF7E29C275257E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="82780C29DB43131A5B29F379D0EA3997">
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<mods:title id="0BC6FF19B7116A5F4D482D76BF31444E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="961D2B748E0FBDE3226E1CF6491FAC7F">
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<mods:date id="7357CCE94CD5309EC8C158EE16F81B73">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="807FCD62421C3A63A984DC45F12FB8E6" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="7CEBEC04BE2C5C94A50976FD1D6806B6">2019-07-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="2EABEA0A5A708DDDEE8C73797B3BF643" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DEBE1CFCC64543D3222EF68AA68F6A7A">4638</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="B1086628B1773B9C3C7F052E9481F7CB" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="3D0EF76250136501D069C745F73AD9A1">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A0AD404BBFCB3B7CECE98627DF856650">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="332B8B49AC5FC3106CB800E57EE14ED5">56</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="F3663420E86581E1CDB60D76CC91EBD5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5CDF6C3C673237952056EDF3D3EA7CB3" type="CLB-Dataset">26217</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9F331CAC9201647649A5514E067DE2B6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4452EEE7E4B95116DABC5EE9D92E3BCC" type="GBIF-Dataset">fb8c670e-e341-4236-9b05-402c7f92b8f1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD4DCC71B650647B4964B1B48F8A8FDD" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7E210FA4ADC9E85B8DCB90319ACBC852" type="Zenodo-Dep">3335260</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03CB87E6FFB6F96DFF7BFF4AFDB0FF2D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158628775" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FFB6F96DFF7BFF4AFDB0FF2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87E6FFB6F96DFF7BFF4AFDB0FF2D" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB6F96BFF7BFF4AFE75FF4E" box="[151,481,153,180]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB6F96BFF7BFF4AFE75FF4E" blockId="42.[151,481,153,215]" box="[151,481,153,180]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="D095819CFFB6F96BFF7BFF4AFE75FF4E" bold="true" box="[151,481,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFF7BFF4AFE75FF4E" bold="true" box="[151,481,153,180]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFB6F96BFF7BFF4AFEE8FF49" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,380,153,180]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="astronavis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFF7BFF4AFEE8FF49" bold="true" box="[151,380,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Penares astronavis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFB6F96BFE6FFF4AFE75FF4E" box="[387,481,154,180]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB6F96BFF7BFF6DFE04FF2D" box="[151,400,189,215]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB6F96BFF7BFF6DFE04FF2D" blockId="42.[151,481,153,215]" box="[151,400,189,215]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB6F96BFF4CFF6DFE89FF2D" box="[160,285,189,215]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 34" captionStart-1="FIGURE 35" captionStart-2="FIGURE 36" captionStartId-0="42.[151,250,1672,1697]" captionStartId-1="43.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionStartId-2="44.[151,250,1804,1829]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1427,684,1638]" captionTargetBox-1="[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetBox-2="[486,1100,1065,1786]" captionTargetId-0="figure@42.[151,1427,698,1638]" captionTargetId-1="figure@43.[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetId-2="figure@44.[482,1105,1058,1791]" captionTargetPageId-0="42" captionTargetPageId-1="43" captionTargetPageId-2="44" captionText-0="FIGURE 34. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Section showing the position of the dichotriaenes below the cortex; C. Section showing the dense layer of microrhabds in the cortex and the abundant oxyasters in the choanosome." captionText-1="FIGURE 35. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Oxea; B & C. Dichotriaenes; D. Deformed euasters; E. Microrhabds." captionText-2="FIGURE 36. Distribution of P. astronavis sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448380" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3335306/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3448380/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3335308/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 34–36</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFFB6F96BFECBFF6DFE13FF2D" box="[295,391,189,215]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="44.[151,239,658,682]" captionTargetBox="[166,1249,803,1010]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="TABLE 11. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares astronavis sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). OX = oxea; D = dichotriaene rhab- dome, DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = dichotriaene cladome; MR = microrhabd; OX = oxyaster" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Table 11</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB6F96BFF7BFED5FCD5FE9D" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB6F96BFF7BFED5FE2CFEB9" blockId="42.[151,1437,261,684]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFF7BFED5FD85FEDA" bold="true" box="[151,529,261,288]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Material examined. Holotype—</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB6F96BFDFCFED6FD3CFEE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830326" box="[528,680,261,288]" collectionCode="NIWA" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="NIWA 82272" specimenCount="1">
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||
<specimenCode id="DBC49E8BFFB6F96BFDFCFED6FD3CFEE5" box="[528,680,261,288]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 82272</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB6F96BFD5FFED6FE20FEB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830321" collectingDate="2012-04-18" collectionCode="NIWA" elevation="915" latitude="-36.447" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="177.839" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="ED73AE35FFB6F96BFD5FFED6FD6FFEDA" box="[691,763,262,288]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Other institutional type">NIWA</collectionCode>
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Stn TAN1206/34, Kermadec Ridge,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB6F96BFB76FED5FA9EFEE5" box="[1178,1290,261,287]" degrees="36.447" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="55" value="-36.447">36.447° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE565037FFB6F96BFAFBFED5FA03FEDA" box="[1303,1431,261,288]" degrees="177.839" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="55" value="177.839">177.839° E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<elevation id="004FD1C3FFB6F96BFF7BFEF9FE8CFEBE" box="[151,280,297,324]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="915.0" valueMax="980.0" valueMin="850.0">
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||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB6F96BFF7BFEF9FE8CFEBE" box="[151,280,297,324]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="915.0" valueMax="980.0" valueMin="850.0">850–980 m</quantity>
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||
</elevation>
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||
,
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||
<collectingDate id="EF98E9D8FFB6F96BFEC8FEF9FE20FEB9" box="[292,436,297,324]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2012-04-18">
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||
<date id="FFDC1030FFB6F96BFEC8FEF9FE20FEB9" box="[292,436,297,324]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2012-04-18">18 Apr 2012</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB6F96BFF2BFE9EFCD5FE9D" blockId="42.[151,1437,261,684]" box="[199,833,333,360]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A3CADFFB6F96BFF2BFE9EFCA9FE9D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2274830362" box="[199,829,333,360]" country="New Zealand" location="Southern Kermadec Ridge" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFF2BFE9EFEF2FE92" bold="true" box="[199,358,333,360]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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||
<typeStatus id="54D98852FFB6F96BFF2BFE9EFE96FE92" box="[199,258,334,360]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<location id="8EBD602BFFB6F96BFE80FE9DFD0CFE9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87E6FFB6F96DFF7BFF4AFDB0FF2D:8EBD602BFFB6F96BFE80FE9DFD0CFE9D" box="[364,664,333,359]" country="New Zealand" name="Southern Kermadec Ridge" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Southern Kermadec Ridge</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3757660FFB6F96BFD4FFE9EFCA9FE9D" box="[675,829,333,360]" name="New Zealand" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB6F96BFF2BFEA1FF50FE4A" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB6F96BFF2BFEA1FF50FE4A" blockId="42.[151,1437,261,684]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFF2BFEA1FEF5FE76" bold="true" box="[199,353,369,396]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Only known from
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<typeStatus id="54D98852FFB6F96BFDAFFEA2FDE7FE76" box="[579,627,370,396]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
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locality, the Southern Kermadec Ridge,
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<collectingCountry id="F3757660FFB6F96BFBA0FEA2FB7CFE71" box="[1100,1256,369,396]" name="New Zealand" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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||
;
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB6F96BFB1AFEA1FAD4FE76" box="[1270,1344,369,396]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</quantity>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB6F96BFABDFEA1FF23FE4A" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1804,1829]" captionTargetBox="[486,1100,1065,1786]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[482,1105,1058,1791]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 36. Distribution of P. astronavis sp. nov. around New Zealand. The white outline shows New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335308/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 36</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB6F96AFF2BFE69FF6DFF01" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB6F96BFF2BFE69FC70FDE1" blockId="42.[151,1437,261,684]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFF2BFE69FECDFE2E" bold="true" box="[199,345,441,468]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Description.</emphasis>
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Morphology is a thinly encrusting, nodular sponge, growing over dead coral branches (
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<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB6F96BFABDFE69FF5FFE0D" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1672,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,684,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1427,698,1638]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 34. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Section showing the position of the dichotriaenes below the cortex; C. Section showing the dense layer of microrhabds in the cortex and the abundant oxyasters in the choanosome." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335306/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 34A</figureCitation>
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||
);
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||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB6F96BFF33FE0DFEB9FE02" box="[223,301,477,504]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
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||
×
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB6F96BFEA6FE0DFE0CFE02" box="[330,408,477,504]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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||
×
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<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB6F96BFE58FE0DFE61FE02" box="[436,501,477,504]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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thick. Texture is firm but compressible. Surface is slightly scratchy to the touch. No pores or oscules are visible. Colour in ethanol is greyish brown throughout.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB6F96BFF2BFDF5FCCFFD51" blockId="42.[151,1437,261,684]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFF2BFDF5FEA1FDBA" bold="true" box="[199,309,549,576]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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||
Cortical skeleton comprises a densely packed layer of microrhabds,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A9B15FFB6F96BFBDFFDF5FB55FDBA" box="[1075,1217,549,576]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="125.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="100.0">100–150 µm</quantity>
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||
thick. Microrhabds have no particular orientation in the cortex (
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<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB6F96BFD65FD99FC9BFD99" box="[649,783,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1672,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,684,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1427,698,1638]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 34. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Section showing the position of the dichotriaenes below the cortex; C. Section showing the dense layer of microrhabds in the cortex and the abundant oxyasters in the choanosome." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335306/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 34C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Choanosomal skeleton is densely packed with oxyasters (
|
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<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB6F96BFF73FDBDFEB0FD7D" box="[159,292,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1672,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,684,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1427,698,1638]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 34. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Section showing the position of the dichotriaenes below the cortex; C. Section showing the dense layer of microrhabds in the cortex and the abundant oxyasters in the choanosome." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335306/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 34C</figureCitation>
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). Very short triaenes are common and positioned just below the cortex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB6F96BFBBCFDBDFB41FD7D" box="[1104,1237,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1672,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,684,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1427,698,1638]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 34. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Section showing the position of the dichotriaenes below the cortex; C. Section showing the dense layer of microrhabds in the cortex and the abundant oxyasters in the choanosome." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335306/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 34B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oxeas occur infrequently in the choanosome, having no particular orientation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D6678FFB6F96BFF7BF958FE57F913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3335306/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" startId="42.[151,250,1672,1697]" targetBox="[151,1427,684,1638]" targetPageId="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB6F96BFF7BF958FE57F913" blockId="42.[151,1436,1672,1769]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFF7BF958FEB5F95B" bold="true" box="[151,289,1672,1697]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 34.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFB6F96BFEC5F95AFE7FF95B" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[297,491,1674,1697]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="astronavis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFEC5F95AFE7FF95B" box="[297,491,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Penares astronavis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFB6F96BFE1EF959FDD0F95B" box="[498,580,1673,1697]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFE1EF959FDD0F95B" bold="true" box="[498,580,1673,1697]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype NIWA 82272:
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFCA5F958FCF6F95B" bold="true" box="[841,866,1672,1697]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype preserved in ethanol;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFB41F959FB51F95B" bold="true" box="[1197,1221,1673,1697]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Section showing the position of the dichotriaenes below the cortex;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFD80F97CFD10F93F" bold="true" box="[620,644,1708,1733]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Section showing the dense layer of microrhabds in the cortex and the abundant oxyasters in the choanosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB6F96BFF2BF8C7FF4CF867" blockId="42.[151,1436,1815,2022]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFF2BF8C7FEBDF8C8" bold="true" box="[199,297,1815,1842]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB6F96BFED5F8C7FE3EF8C8" box="[313,426,1815,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 35. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Oxea; B & C. Dichotriaenes; D. Deformed euasters; E. Microrhabds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3448380/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E0034BFFB6F96BFE5AF8C7FD8DF8C8" box="[438,537,1815,1842]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="44.[151,239,658,682]" captionTargetBox="[166,1249,803,1010]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="TABLE 11. Spicule dimensions (µm) of Penares astronavis sp. nov. Dimensions are given as the mean (minimum–maximum) length × mean (minimum–maximum) width (number of spicules measured). OX = oxea; D = dichotriaene rhab- dome, DP = dichotriaene protoclad; DD = dichotriaene deutroclad; DC = dichotriaene cladome; MR = microrhabd; OX = oxyaster" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Table 11</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFDC3F8C7FD2FF8CB" box="[559,699,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
—oxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB6F96BFCCBF8C7FC3FF8C8" box="[807,939,1815,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 35. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Oxea; B & C. Dichotriaenes; D. Deformed euasters; E. Microrhabds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3448380/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 35A</figureCitation>
|
||
) are short, very slender and almost straight; 1269 (768–1692) × 21 (13–27) µm (n = 20). Dichotriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB6F96BFCC1F8EBFC76F8AC" box="[813,994,1851,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 35. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Oxea; B & C. Dichotriaenes; D. Deformed euasters; E. Microrhabds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3448380/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 35B & C</figureCitation>
|
||
) have a short rhabdome; 180 (117–255) µm long × 593 (407–946) µm wide (n = 20). Deuteroclads are conical, widely separated and longer than proto- clads.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB6F96AFF2BF877FF6DFF01" blockId="42.[151,1436,1815,2022]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1436,152,251]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB6F96BFF2BF877FEC3F83B" box="[199,343,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
—oxyasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB6F96BFE01F877FDE0F838" box="[493,628,1959,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 35. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Oxea; B & C. Dichotriaenes; D. Deformed euasters; E. Microrhabds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3448380/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 35D</figureCitation>
|
||
), highly modified into asymmetrical shapes. Rays are smooth, strongly conical, of varying length, and have a mixture of sharply pointed and bluntly rounded tips; 54 (39–85) µm in diam- eter (n = 20). Microrhabds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13592A75FFB7F96AFE3EFF49FDC7FF49" box="[466,595,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[180,1407,265,1709]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 35. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Oxea; B & C. Dichotriaenes; D. Deformed euasters; E. Microrhabds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3448380/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figure 35E</figureCitation>
|
||
) vary from short, very stout, straight rods with pointed or bluntly rounded tips to perfectly spherical balls. Occasionally, fused or cross-shaped microrhabds occur; 40 (16–82) × 13 (6–20) µm (n = 20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D6678FFB7F96AFF7BF969FEB4F90C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3448380" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3448380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3448380/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" startId="43.[151,250,1721,1746]" targetBox="[180,1407,265,1709]" targetPageId="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB7F96AFF7BF969FEB4F90C" blockId="43.[151,1436,1721,1782]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFF7BF969FEB5F928" bold="true" box="[151,289,1721,1746]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFEC4F96AFE7EF92B" box="[296,490,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Penares astronavis</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFE1DF969FDD6F92B" bold="true" box="[497,578,1721,1745]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype NIWA 82272:
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFCA9F969FCCAF928" bold="true" box="[837,862,1721,1746]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Oxea;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFC45F969FC61F928" bold="true" box="[937,1013,1721,1746]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B & C.</emphasis>
|
||
Dichotriaenes;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFB74F969FB24F92B" bold="true" box="[1176,1200,1721,1745]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Deformed euasters;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFA69F969FA08F92B" bold="true" box="[1413,1436,1721,1745]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Microrhabds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB7F96AFF2BF8F4FEFEF899" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB7F96AFF2BF8F4FEFEF899" blockId="43.[151,1437,1828,2035]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFF2BF8F4FEDAF8C4" bold="true" box="[199,334,1828,1854]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for the unusual shape of the oxyasters, which resemble a spaceship (
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFB27F8F5FA90F8C4" box="[1227,1284,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">astro</emphasis>
|
||
, of the stars;
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFF7BF899FF46F898" box="[151,210,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">navis</emphasis>
|
||
, ship; Latin).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378657BFFB7F96DFF2BF8BCFDB0FF2D" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36F0FFB7F96DFF2BF8BCFDB0FF2D" blockId="43.[151,1437,1828,2035]" lastBlockId="44.[151,1437,152,215]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFF2BF8BCFEAFF87C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1900,1926]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The unusual oxyasters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFB7F96AFD8BF8BDFD63F87C" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[615,759,1901,1926]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="astronavis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFD8BF8BDFD63F87C" box="[615,759,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. astronavis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFB7F96AFD13F8BCFCCEF87C" box="[767,858,1900,1926]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFD13F8BCFCCEF87C" bold="true" box="[767,858,1900,1926]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differentiate it from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFB7F96AFB42F8BDFA9DF87C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1198,1289,1901,1926]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFB42F8BDFA9DF87C" box="[1198,1289,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Penares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The species also possesses smooth spherules, but these appear to be a reduced form of microrhabd rather than a separate spicule category in this species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFB7F96AFE13F865FD40F834" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[511,724,1973,1998]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="astronavis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFE13F865FD40F834" box="[511,724,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Penares astronavis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFB7F96AFD36F864FCA0F834" box="[730,820,1972,1998]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFD36F864FCA0F834" bold="true" box="[730,820,1972,1998]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also has particularly short and wide dichotriaenes (180 (117–255) µm long × 593 (407–946) µm wide). The only other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757660FFB7F96AFCB7F808FC64F808" box="[859,1008,2008,2034]" name="New Zealand" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFB7F96AFC1BF809FBC6F808" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1015,1106,2009,2034]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB7F96AFC1BF809FBC6F808" box="[1015,1106,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Penares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has similar length dicho- triaenes is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFB0F96DFEE3FF4AFE44FF49" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[271,464,153,179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kermadecensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB0F96DFEE3FF4AFE44FF49" box="[271,464,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. kermadecensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFB0F96DFE3AFF49FDA4FF49" box="[470,560,153,179]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB0F96DFE3AFF49FDA4FF49" bold="true" box="[470,560,153,179]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(197 (122–300) µm long × 854 (644–1085) µm wide, but it has a much wider cladome than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D73FFB0F96DFED8FF6EFE50FF2D" authority="Sim-Smith & Kelly, 2019" authorityName="Sim-Smith & Kelly" authorityYear="2019" box="[308,452,190,215]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Penares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="astronavis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB0F96DFED8FF6EFE50FF2D" box="[308,452,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. astronavis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2255799FFB0F96DFE26FF6DFDB0FF2D" box="[458,548,189,215]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAE2FFB0F96DFE26FF6DFDB0FF2D" bold="true" box="[458,548,189,215]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |