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<mods:title id="F01B12C4BACEF345430E0BE336DAD0B9">Revision of the spider genus Hoplopholcus Kulczyński (Araneae, Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE9C0FCD1735DFCE1" box="[151,293,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
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species: 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC4FFACEA11FCD071ABFCE1" author="Thorell, T." box="[838,979,868,893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="97 - 228" refId="ref52202" refString="Thorell, T. (1871) Remarks on synonyms of European spiders. Part II. C. J. Lundstro ¨ m, Uppsala, pp. 97 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 69282" type="book chapter" year="1871">Thorell, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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— 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC4FFACE868FC377382FC00" author="Senglet, A." box="[319,506,899,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="345 - 359" refId="ref51817" refString="Senglet, A. (1971) Note sur les Pholcidae (Arachn.) de Grece. Mitteilungen der schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 44 (3 - 4), 345 - 359." type="journal article" year="1971">Senglet 1971: 346</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC310CAFFC4FFACEB53FC3770ABFC00" author="Brignoli, P. M." box="[516,723,899,924]" page="352" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC4FFACEB53FC3770ABFC00" author="Brignoli, P. M." box="[516,723,899,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="350 - 352" refId="ref49323" refString="Brignoli, P. M. (1979 a) Spiders from Lebanon, V. On Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczynski, 1908 (Pholcidae). Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 4 (8), 350 - 352." type="journal article" year="1979">Brignoli 1979a: 352</bibRefCitation>
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. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC310CAFFC4FFACEB8BFC3771F3FC00" author="Senglet, A." box="[732,907,899,924]" page="58" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC4FFACEB8BFC3771F3FC00" author="Senglet, A." box="[732,907,899,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="43 - 67" refId="ref51852" refString="Senglet, A. (2001) Copulatory mechanisms in Hoplopholcus, Stygopholcus (revalidated), Pholcus, Spermophora and Spermophorides (Araneae, Pholcidae), with additional faunistic and taxonomic data. Mitteilungen der schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 74, 43 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Senglet 2001: 58</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACE9C0FC1773B4FC27" authority="Kratochvil, 1940: 6" authorityName="Kratochvil" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,460,930,955]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Neartema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE9C0FC177283FC26" box="[151,251,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Neartema</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC310CAFFC4FFACE855FC1673B4FC27" author="Kratochvil, J." box="[258,460,930,955]" page="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC4FFACE855FC1673B4FC27" author="Kratochvil, J." box="[258,460,930,955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref51206" refString="Kratochvil, J. (1940) Etude sur les araignees cavernicoles du genre Stygopholcus Kratochvil. Acta Societatis Scientiarium Naturalium Moravicae, 12 (5), 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1940">Kratochvíl, 1940: 6</bibRefCitation>
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species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEB35FC1771F6FC27" authority="Roewer, 1928" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1928" box="[610,910,931,955]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Artema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretica">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEB35FC177080FC26" box="[610,760,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Artema cretica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC4FFACEA57FC1771F6FC27" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[768,910,931,955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="92 - 124" refId="ref51694" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1928) Zoologische Streifzuge in Attika, Morea und besonders auf der Insel Kreta. II. Abhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Bremen, 27 (1), 92 - 124, pl. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1928">Roewer, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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[= 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEAFBFC177778FC27" ID-CoL="3MLZ5" authority="(Kulczynski, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Kulczynski" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[940,1280,930,955]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labyrinthi">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEAFBFC177657FC26" box="[940,1071,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. labyrinthi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC4FFACED69FC167680FC27" author="Kulczynski, M. V." box="[1086,1272,930,955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="32 - 58" refId="ref51238" refString="Kulczynski, M. V. (1903) Aranearum et opilionum species in insula Creta a Comite Dre Carolo Attems collectae. Bulletin international de l'Academie des sciences de Cracovie, 1903, 32 - 58." type="journal article" year="1903">Kulczyński, 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
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]. Synonymized by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC4FFACE9B0FC7473F8FC45" author="Senglet, A." box="[231,384,960,985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="345 - 359" refId="ref51817" refString="Senglet, A. (1971) Note sur les Pholcidae (Arachn.) de Grece. Mitteilungen der schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 44 (3 - 4), 345 - 359." type="journal article" year="1971">Senglet (1971)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE9C0FBB37372FBBE" bold="true" box="[151,266,1031,1058]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Relatively large, long-legged pholcids (body length ~4–7; male leg 1 length ~30–60; leg 1 ~6– 
<date id="FFDC101BFFC4FFACEC78FBB37726FBBE" box="[1327,1374,1031,1058]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2010-10">10 x</date>
body length) with round to oval abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEB1FFB9F7090FBDA" box="[584,744,1067,1094]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–123" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,690,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,690,1823]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 118–123. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 118–120. H. asiaeminoris Brignoli, 1978, female before egg-laying (from Cennet Çöküğü), female after egg-laying (from Ermenek), and male (from Akhayat sinkhole). 121. H. gazipasa sp. n., male from Yalan Dünya Mağarası. 122–123. H. dim sp. n., male from Dim Mağarası and female with egg-sac from unnamed small cave in Derebucak District." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613156/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 118, 119</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEBA0FB98715BFBDA" box="[759,803,1068,1094]" captionStart="FIGURES 194–199" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,697,1928]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 194–199. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 194–197. H. forskali (Thorell, 1871), males from Taşkent, females from Zindan Mağarası (before and after egg-laying). 198. H. konya sp. n., female from Körükini Mağarası. 199. H. longipes (Spassky, 1934), male from Kintrishi Protected Area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613174/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">194</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEA65FB9F7118FBDA" box="[818,864,1067,1094]" captionStart="FIGURES 262–265" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1960,1985]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1021,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,1021,1938]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 262–265. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 262–263. H. patrizii (Roewer, 1962), male from Karain Mağarası, and female from small cave near Elmalı. 264–265. H. figulus Brignoli, 1971, female from Samos, near Ampelos." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613194/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">264</figureCitation>
). Distinguished from other 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEDC9FB9F7730FBD9" authorityName="in Huber" authorityYear="2012" box="[1182,1352,1067,1093]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Smeringopinae">Smeringopinae</taxonomicName>
genera by the combination of: (1) male chelicerae with one pair of apophyses (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACED5BFBFB761BFBF6" box="[1036,1123,1103,1130]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1835,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,381,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[160,1427,373,1815]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) from Spilaio Melidoniou (ZFMK Ar 20875). 21–22. Left pro- cursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive membranous process). 23–24. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 25–28. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 29–30. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite; mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; tp, transparent process; vk, ventral ‘knee’; vs, ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613128/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 23</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACED25FBE476F7FBF6" box="[1138,1167,1104,1130]" captionStart="FIGURES 82–91" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,276,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,276,1815]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 82–91. Hoplopholcus suluin sp. n. from Sulu İn Mağarası (ZFMK Ar 20896). 82–83. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral obtuse process). 84–85. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 86–89. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at hair-like processes on embolar sclerite). 90–91. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. es, embolar sclerite; mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; vs, putative ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613146/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">84</figureCitation>
) set with 1–4 modified (cone-shaped) hairs each (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE8E8FBC7706FFB12" box="[447,535,1139,1166]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–36" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1341,1366]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 31–36. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 31–32. Male and female carapace and ocu- lar area, frontal (slightly dorsal) views. 33–34. Stridulatory ridges on male and female chelicerae. 35. Tip of left male cheliceral apophysis with cone-shaped hairs. 36. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. Scale lines: 10 µm (35), 20 µm (33), 100 µm (31–32, 34, 36)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613130/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 35</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEB73FBC070F1FB12" box="[548,649,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 106. Male carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 107. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 108–109. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses. 110. Tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 111. Male palpal tarsal organ. Scale lines: 10 µm (108–111), 100 µm (106–107)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613152/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">108, 109</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEBC1FBC07083FB12" box="[662,763,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIGURES 228–233" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1564,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 228–233. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 228–229. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses (of same specimen—note asymmetry of modified hairs). 230–231. Distal and subdistal modified hairs on left male cheliceral apophysis. 232. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 233. Stridulatory ridges on female chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (231), 10 µm (228–230, 233), 20 µm (232)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">228–231</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEA50FBC0714AFB12" box="[775,818,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIGURES 344–349" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,654,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,654,1872]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 344–349. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 344. Female ocular area (arrows point at ‘pseudo-eyes’). 345. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots (two spigots broken). 346. Male cheliceral apophysis. 347. Modified hair at tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 348. Male bulbal processes (es, embolar sclerite; vs, ventral sclerite; arrow points at sperm duct opening). 349. Spine on male leg femur 1. Scale lines: 2 µm (347), 10 µm (345–346, 349), 20 µm (344, 348)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613216/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">347</figureCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEA1BFBC07191FB12" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="1957" box="[844,1001,1140,1166]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEA1BFBC07191FB12" box="[844,1001,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with additional set of proximal lateral apophyses; 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACE84BFB2C73C9FB2E" authorityName="Absolon &amp; Kratochvil" authorityYear="1932" box="[284,433,1176,1202]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Stygopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE84BFB2C73C9FB2E" box="[284,433,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stygopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with many club-shaped hairs on frontal side); (2) chelicerae with stridulatory files (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEC3CFB237299FB4A" captionStart="FIGURES 31–36" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1341,1366]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 31–36. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 31–32. Male and female carapace and ocu- lar area, frontal (slightly dorsal) views. 33–34. Stridulatory ridges on male and female chelicerae. 35. Tip of left male cheliceral apophysis with cone-shaped hairs. 36. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. Scale lines: 10 µm (35), 20 µm (33), 100 µm (31–32, 34, 36)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613130/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 33, 34</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE9B9FB0F734FFB4A" box="[238,311,1211,1238]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–69" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1313,1338]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,174,1294]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 64–69. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 (CJVK 2267). 64–65. Stridulatory ridges on male and female chelicerae. 66. Male palpal tarsal organ. 67. Left male cheliceral apophysis. 68–69. Cone-shaped hairs at tips of male cheliceral apophyses. Scale lines: 10 µm (66–69), 100 µm (64–65)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613140/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">64, 65</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE812FB08730AFB4A" box="[325,370,1212,1238]" captionStart="FIGURES 228–233" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1564,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 228–233. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 228–229. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses (of same specimen—note asymmetry of modified hairs). 230–231. Distal and subdistal modified hairs on left male cheliceral apophysis. 232. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 233. Stridulatory ridges on female chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (231), 10 µm (228–230, 233), 20 µm (232)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">233</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE829FB0F73D1FB4A" box="[382,425,1211,1238]" captionStart="FIGURES 350–355" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 350–355. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 350. Epigynum. 351. Tip of female palp with tarsal organ. 352–353. Male and female ALS. 354. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 355. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (354), 10 µm (351–353), 20 µm (355), 100 µm (350)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613218/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">355</figureCitation>
) (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEB66FB0870BBFB4A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[561,707,1212,1238]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEB66FB0870BBFB4A" box="[561,707,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEBABFB0871E1FB4A" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="1957" box="[764,921,1212,1238]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEBABFB0871E1FB4A" box="[764,921,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (3) male palpal tarsus without macrotrichia (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE98FFB6B7351FB66" box="[216,297,1247,1274]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–20" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1634,1659]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1615]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,174,1615]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 12–20. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903). Left male palp in prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (ar- rows in Fig. 12 point at femur-patella joints; arrow in Fig. 14 points at transversal dark line on femur); epigyna, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 12–17. Male and female from Spilaio Melidoniou (ZFMK Ar 20875). 18–20. Female from Spilaio Vreikou (ZFMK Ar 20884)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613126/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) (in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACE888FB547009FB66" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[479,625,1248,1274]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE888FB547009FB66" box="[479,625,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (4) procursus tip with distinctive transparent process (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEC73FB6B7712FB66" box="[1316,1386,1247,1274]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1268,1293]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,204,1230]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1233]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Schematic drawings of procursus (left procursus, prolateral view), genital bulb (left bulb, prolateral view), and female internal genitalia (ventral view; except for pair of bulging areas, all structures shown are internal), illustrating used terminology." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613118/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEC2EFB5477EFFB66" box="[1401,1431,1248,1274]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–42" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1888]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 37–42. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 37–38. Male and female palpal tarsal or- gans. 39. Tip of right procursus, retrolateral view, showing ventral spine (vs), transparent process (tp), and distinctive membranous process (arrow). 40. Hair-like processes at tip of procursus. 41. Tip of embolar sclerite with hair-like processes. 42. Base of trichobothrium on female palpal tibia. Scale lines: 10 µm (37–38, 40–42), 100 µm (39)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613132/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">39</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE9C0FAB072BBFA82" box="[151,195,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURES 234–239" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1571,1596]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,196,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,196,1497]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 234–239. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 234. Right procursus tip, retrolateral view. 235–236. Details of Fig. 234: hair-like processes and detail of transparent process. 237. Left procursus tip, distal view. 238. Left procursus tip, ventral view (arrows in Figs 237–238 point at process between ventral spine and transparent process). 239. Prolateral spiny membrane (arrows point at possible gland openings). psm, prolateral spiny membrane; tp, transparent process; vs, ventral spine. Scale lines: 10 µm (235–236, 239), 100 µm (234, 237–238)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">234</figureCitation>
) (otherwise present only in some undescribed North African taxa with unknown generic affinity; B.A. Huber, unpublished data); (5) legs without small dark longitudinal marks (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEAE9FA937656FADE" box="[958,1070,1319,1346]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1472,1497]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 6–7. H. labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903), male and female from Spilaio Melidoniou. 8–9. H. suluin sp. n., male and female from Sulu İn Mağarası. 10–11. H. minous Senglet, 1971, male from Orino Gorge and female with egg-sac from Exo Mouliana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613124/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 6–11</figureCitation>
) (in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEDB6FA9C7715FADE" box="[1249,1389,1320,1346]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEDB6FA9C7715FADE" box="[1249,1389,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holocnemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACE9C0FAF87367FAFA" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,287,1356,1382]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Crossopriza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE9C0FAF87367FAFA" box="[151,287,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Crossopriza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (6) male anterior femora (femora 1 or femora 1–2) with single row of ventral spines (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEC51FAFF7726FAFA" box="[1286,1374,1355,1382]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–46" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1358,1383]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,445,1338]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 43–46. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 43–44. Male and female ALS. 45. Spines on male femur 1. 46. Curved hairs on male metatarsus 2. Scale lines: 10 µm (43–44), 20 µm (45), 100 µm (46)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613134/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 45</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEC3CFAF872BAFA16" captionStart="FIGURES 240–245" captionStartId="52.[151,255,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 240–245. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 240. Right bulbal processes, distal view (dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite;vs, ventral sclerite;arrow points at sperm duct opening).241.Tarsal organ on female leg 4.242–243.Spines on male femur 1. 244. Detail of male tarsus 1. 245. Claws on male tarsus 4. Scale lines:10 µm (241, 244–245), 100 µm (240, 242–243)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">242, 243</figureCitation>
) (spines absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACE8D8FAC47054FA16" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="1957" box="[399,556,1392,1418]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE8D8FAC47054FA16" box="[399,556,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEB6EFAC470D8FA16" authorityName="Saaristo" authorityYear="2001" box="[569,672,1392,1418]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Cenemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEB6EFAC470D8FA16" box="[569,672,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cenemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and most species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEADBFAC47666FA16" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[908,1054,1392,1418]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEADBFAC47666FA16" box="[908,1054,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (7) male gonopore with 4–8 epiandrous spigots (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE805FA2773D0FA31" box="[338,424,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–36" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1341,1366]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 31–36. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 31–32. Male and female carapace and ocu- lar area, frontal (slightly dorsal) views. 33–34. Stridulatory ridges on male and female chelicerae. 35. Tip of left male cheliceral apophysis with cone-shaped hairs. 36. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. Scale lines: 10 µm (35), 20 µm (33), 100 µm (31–32, 34, 36)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613130/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 36</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE8E4FA2073AAFA32" box="[435,466,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–75" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 70–75. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 (CJVK 2267). 70. Embolar sclerite with sperm duct opening (arrow). 30. Hair-like processes on embolar sclerite. 72. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 73. Epigynum. 74–75. Male and female ALS. Scale lines: 10 µm (74), 20 µm (70, 75), 30 µm (71), 100 µm (72), 200 µm (73)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613142/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">72</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE88CFA20707FFA32" box="[475,519,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 106. Male carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 107. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 108–109. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses. 110. Tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 111. Male palpal tarsal organ. Scale lines: 10 µm (108–111), 100 µm (106–107)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613152/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">107</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEB45FA207047FA32" box="[530,575,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 228–233" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1564,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 228–233. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 228–229. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses (of same specimen—note asymmetry of modified hairs). 230–231. Distal and subdistal modified hairs on left male cheliceral apophysis. 232. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 233. Stridulatory ridges on female chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (231), 10 µm (228–230, 233), 20 µm (232)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">232</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEB1EFA20700CFA32" box="[585,628,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 288–293" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1448,1473]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 288–293. Hoplopholcus patrizii (Roewer, 1962) (ZFMK Ar 20947). 288. Left male cheliceral apophysis. 289. Coneshaped hair at tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 290. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. 291. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 292. Male ALS. 293. Claws on male tarsus 2. Scale lines: 10 µm (288–289, 292), 20 µm (290, 293), 100 µm (291)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613202/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">291</figureCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEBDCFA207165FA32" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[651,797,1428,1454]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEBDCFA207165FA32" box="[651,797,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEA06FA207196FA32" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="1957" box="[849,1006,1428,1454]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEA06FA207196FA32" box="[849,1006,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with only two); (8) ALS with only two spigots each (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE865FA0373CEFA4E" box="[306,438,1463,1490]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–46" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1358,1383]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,445,1338]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 43–46. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 43–44. Male and female ALS. 45. Spines on male femur 1. 46. Curved hairs on male metatarsus 2. Scale lines: 10 µm (43–44), 20 µm (45), 100 µm (46)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613134/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 43, 44</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE895FA0C7073FA4E" box="[450,523,1463,1490]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–75" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 70–75. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 (CJVK 2267). 70. Embolar sclerite with sperm duct opening (arrow). 30. Hair-like processes on embolar sclerite. 72. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 73. Epigynum. 74–75. Male and female ALS. Scale lines: 10 µm (74), 20 µm (70, 75), 30 µm (71), 100 µm (72), 200 µm (73)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613142/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">74, 75</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEB4FFA03703BFA4D" box="[536,579,1463,1489]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–117" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1935,1960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 112–117. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 112–113. Stridulatory picks on male and female palpal femora. 114–115. Tarsal organs on male tarsus 4 and on female tarsus 1, dorsal views. 116. Female ALS. 117. Spines on male femur 1. Scale lines: 10 µm (112–116), 100 µm (117)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613154/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">116</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEB06FA0C70CFFA4E" box="[593,695,1463,1490]" captionStart="FIGURES 222–227" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1438,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 222–227. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 222. Female carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 223. Male eyes and ‘pseudo-eyes’ (arrows). 224–225. Male and female ALS. 226–227. Male and female palpal tarsal organs. Scale lines: 10 µm (224–227), 20 µm (223), 100 µm (222)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613182/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">224, 225</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEB94FA0C7097FA4E" box="[707,751,1464,1490]" captionStart="FIGURES 288–293" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1448,1473]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 288–293. Hoplopholcus patrizii (Roewer, 1962) (ZFMK Ar 20947). 288. Left male cheliceral apophysis. 289. Coneshaped hair at tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 290. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. 291. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 292. Male ALS. 293. Claws on male tarsus 2. Scale lines: 10 µm (288–289, 292), 20 µm (290, 293), 100 µm (291)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613202/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">292</figureCitation>
) (seven to eight spigots in 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACED74FA0C76CDFA4E" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[1059,1205,1464,1490]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACED74FA0C76CDFA4E" box="[1059,1205,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEDB9FA0C77F3FA4E" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="1957" box="[1262,1419,1464,1490]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEDB9FA0C77F3FA4E" box="[1262,1419,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (9) epigynum without external pockets (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEBC6FA6F709FFA6A" box="[657,743,1499,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–75" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 70–75. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 (CJVK 2267). 70. Embolar sclerite with sperm duct opening (arrow). 30. Hair-like processes on embolar sclerite. 72. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 73. Epigynum. 74–75. Male and female ALS. Scale lines: 10 µm (74), 20 µm (70, 75), 30 µm (71), 100 µm (72), 200 µm (73)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613142/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 73</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEBA4FA6F7167FA6A" box="[755,799,1499,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 350–355" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 350–355. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 350. Epigynum. 351. Tip of female palp with tarsal organ. 352–353. Male and female ALS. 354. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 355. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (354), 10 µm (351–353), 20 µm (355), 100 µm (350)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613218/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">350</figureCitation>
) (in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEA86FA687640FA6A" authorityName="Saaristo" authorityYear="2001" box="[977,1080,1500,1526]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Cenemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEA86FA687640FA6A" box="[977,1080,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cenemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, some species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEDA8FA6877E4FA6A" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="1957" box="[1279,1436,1500,1526]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEDA8FA6877E4FA6A" box="[1279,1436,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACE991F9B47320F986" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[198,344,1536,1562]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE991F9B47320F986" box="[198,344,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smeringopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); (10) abdomen posteriorly rounded (in lateral view), not pointed above spinnerets (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEDA9FA4B77EFF986" box="[1278,1431,1535,1562]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–123" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,690,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,690,1823]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 118–123. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 118–120. H. asiaeminoris Brignoli, 1978, female before egg-laying (from Cennet Çöküğü), female after egg-laying (from Ermenek), and male (from Akhayat sinkhole). 121. H. gazipasa sp. n., male from Yalan Dünya Mağarası. 122–123. H. dim sp. n., male from Dim Mağarası and female with egg-sac from unnamed small cave in Derebucak District." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613156/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 118, 119</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE9C0F99072BBF9A2" box="[151,195,1572,1598]" captionStart="FIGURES 194–199" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,697,1928]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 194–199. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 194–197. H. forskali (Thorell, 1871), males from Taşkent, females from Zindan Mağarası (before and after egg-laying). 198. H. konya sp. n., female from Körükini Mağarası. 199. H. longipes (Spassky, 1934), male from Kintrishi Protected Area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613174/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">194</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE998F9977283F9A2" box="[207,251,1571,1598]" captionStart="FIGURES 262–265" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1960,1985]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1021,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,1021,1938]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 262–265. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 262–263. H. patrizii (Roewer, 1962), male from Karain Mağarası, and female from small cave near Elmalı. 264–265. H. figulus Brignoli, 1971, female from Samos, near Ampelos." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613194/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">264</figureCitation>
) (pointed in many 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACE887F9907024F9A2" box="[464,604,1572,1598]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE887F9907024F9A2" box="[464,604,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holocnemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEBC5F9907162F9A2" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[658,794,1572,1598]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Crossopriza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEBC5F9907162F9A2" box="[658,794,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Crossopriza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3786550FFC4FFAFE990F9F37688F891" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC4FFACE990F9F37298F83A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1031,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE990F9F37329F9FE" bold="true" box="[199,337,1607,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
. Male. BODY. Total body length ~4–7; carapace width ~1.5–2.5. Carapace with deep central pit and pair of shallow furrows diverging from posterior side of pit toward posterior rim (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACED05F9DF76AAF91A" box="[1106,1234,1643,1670]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–36" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1341,1366]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 31–36. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 31–32. Male and female carapace and ocu- lar area, frontal (slightly dorsal) views. 33–34. Stridulatory ridges on male and female chelicerae. 35. Tip of left male cheliceral apophysis with cone-shaped hairs. 36. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. Scale lines: 10 µm (35), 20 µm (33), 100 µm (31–32, 34, 36)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613130/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 31, 32</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACED8AF9DF7771F919" box="[1245,1289,1643,1669]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 106. Male carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 107. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 108–109. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses. 110. Tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 111. Male palpal tarsal organ. Scale lines: 10 µm (108–111), 100 µm (106–107)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613152/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">106</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEC42F9D8773BF91A" box="[1301,1347,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURES 222–227" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1438,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 222–227. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 222. Female carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 223. Male eyes and ‘pseudo-eyes’ (arrows). 224–225. Male and female ALS. 226–227. Male and female palpal tarsal organs. Scale lines: 10 µm (224–227), 20 µm (223), 100 µm (222)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613182/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">222</figureCitation>
); ocular area slightly raised, eye triads relatively close together (distance PME-PME usually ~0.8–1.3 x PME diameter, only in 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACE9E4F9007358F952" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1971" box="[179,288,1716,1742]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE9E4F9007358F952" box="[179,288,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. figulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in some specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEB10F90070AEF952" baseAuthorityName="Kulczynski" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[583,726,1716,1742]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labyrinthi">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEB10F90070AEF952" box="[583,726,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. labyrinthi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
up to 2.0), each secondary eye accompanied by indistinct elevation (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE985F9637309F96E" box="[210,369,1751,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 222–227" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1438,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 222–227. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 222. Female carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 223. Male eyes and ‘pseudo-eyes’ (arrows). 224–225. Male and female ALS. 226–227. Male and female palpal tarsal organs. Scale lines: 10 µm (224–227), 20 µm (223), 100 µm (222)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613182/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 222, 223</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE82AF96C73D2F96E" box="[381,426,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 344–349" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,654,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,654,1872]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 344–349. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 344. Female ocular area (arrows point at ‘pseudo-eyes’). 345. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots (two spigots broken). 346. Male cheliceral apophysis. 347. Modified hair at tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 348. Male bulbal processes (es, embolar sclerite; vs, ventral sclerite; arrow points at sperm duct opening). 349. Spine on male leg femur 1. Scale lines: 2 µm (347), 10 µm (345–346, 349), 20 µm (344, 348)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613216/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">344</figureCitation>
; ‘pseudo-eyes’; cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC4FFACEBD0F9637168F96E" author="Huber, B. A." box="[647,784,1751,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="2491 - 2523" refId="ref50577" refString="Huber, B. A. (2009) Life on leaves: leaf-dwelling pholcids of Guinea, with emphasis on Crossopriza cylindrogaster, a spider with inverted resting position, pseudo-eyes, lampshade web, and tetrahedral egg-sac (Araneae: Pholcidae). Journal of Natural History, 43, 2491 - 2523. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930903207876" type="journal article" year="2009">Huber 2009</bibRefCitation>
), AME large (usually ~40–60% of PME diameter, only in 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACE9C0F948737DF88A" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,261,1788,1814]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACE9C0F948737DF88A" box="[151,261,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. figulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
smaller or absent). Clypeus high, never modified. Abdomen round to oval, not elevated or pointed above spinnerets (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE840F8AB73C9F8A6" box="[279,433,1823,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–123" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,690,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,690,1823]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 118–123. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 118–120. H. asiaeminoris Brignoli, 1978, female before egg-laying (from Cennet Çöküğü), female after egg-laying (from Ermenek), and male (from Akhayat sinkhole). 121. H. gazipasa sp. n., male from Yalan Dünya Mağarası. 122–123. H. dim sp. n., male from Dim Mağarası and female with egg-sac from unnamed small cave in Derebucak District." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613156/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 118, 119</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE8EBF8947390F8A6" box="[444,488,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 194–199" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,697,1928]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 194–199. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 194–197. H. forskali (Thorell, 1871), males from Taşkent, females from Zindan Mağarası (before and after egg-laying). 198. H. konya sp. n., female from Körükini Mağarası. 199. H. longipes (Spassky, 1934), male from Kintrishi Protected Area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613174/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">194</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE8A3F8AB705AF8A6" box="[500,546,1823,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 262–265" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1960,1985]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1021,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,1021,1938]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 262–265. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 262–263. H. patrizii (Roewer, 1962), male from Karain Mağarası, and female from small cave near Elmalı. 264–265. H. figulus Brignoli, 1971, female from Samos, near Ampelos." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613194/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">264</figureCitation>
). Male gonopore with 4–8 epiandrous spigots (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACED7AF8AB76FCF8A5" box="[1069,1156,1823,1849]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–36" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1341,1366]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 31–36. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 31–32. Male and female carapace and ocu- lar area, frontal (slightly dorsal) views. 33–34. Stridulatory ridges on male and female chelicerae. 35. Tip of left male cheliceral apophysis with cone-shaped hairs. 36. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. Scale lines: 10 µm (35), 20 µm (33), 100 µm (31–32, 34, 36)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613130/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 36</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEDD8F89476D6F8A6" box="[1167,1198,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–75" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 70–75. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 (CJVK 2267). 70. Embolar sclerite with sperm duct opening (arrow). 30. Hair-like processes on embolar sclerite. 72. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 73. Epigynum. 74–75. Male and female ALS. Scale lines: 10 µm (74), 20 µm (70, 75), 30 µm (71), 100 µm (72), 200 µm (73)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613142/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">72</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEDEEF894769DF8A6" box="[1209,1253,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 106. Male carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 107. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 108–109. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses. 110. Tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 111. Male palpal tarsal organ. Scale lines: 10 µm (108–111), 100 µm (106–107)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613152/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">107</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEDA7F8947765F8A6" box="[1264,1309,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 228–233" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1564,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 228–233. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 228–229. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses (of same specimen—note asymmetry of modified hairs). 230–231. Distal and subdistal modified hairs on left male cheliceral apophysis. 232. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 233. Stridulatory ridges on female chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (231), 10 µm (228–230, 233), 20 µm (232)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613184/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">232</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEC7FF894772DF8A6" box="[1320,1365,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 288–293" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1448,1473]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 288–293. Hoplopholcus patrizii (Roewer, 1962) (ZFMK Ar 20947). 288. Left male cheliceral apophysis. 289. Coneshaped hair at tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 290. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. 291. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 292. Male ALS. 293. Claws on male tarsus 2. Scale lines: 10 µm (288–289, 292), 20 µm (290, 293), 100 µm (291)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613202/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">291</figureCitation>
), ALS with only two spigots each: one large widened spigot and one pointed spigot (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACED46F8F776EEF8C2" box="[1041,1174,1859,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–46" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1358,1383]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,445,1338]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 43–46. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 43–44. Male and female ALS. 45. Spines on male femur 1. 46. Curved hairs on male metatarsus 2. Scale lines: 10 µm (43–44), 20 µm (45), 100 µm (46)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613134/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 43, 44</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEDF4F8F07694F8C2" box="[1187,1260,1859,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–75" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 70–75. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 (CJVK 2267). 70. Embolar sclerite with sperm duct opening (arrow). 30. Hair-like processes on embolar sclerite. 72. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 73. Epigynum. 74–75. Male and female ALS. Scale lines: 10 µm (74), 20 µm (70, 75), 30 µm (71), 100 µm (72), 200 µm (73)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613142/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">74, 75</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEDAEF8F7775CF8C1" box="[1273,1316,1859,1885]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–117" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1935,1960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 112–117. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 112–113. Stridulatory picks on male and female palpal femora. 114–115. Tarsal organs on male tarsus 4 and on female tarsus 1, dorsal views. 116. Female ALS. 117. Spines on male femur 1. Scale lines: 10 µm (112–116), 100 µm (117)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613154/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">116</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACEC65F8F077E0F8C2" box="[1330,1432,1859,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 222–227" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1438,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 222–227. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 222. Female carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 223. Male eyes and ‘pseudo-eyes’ (arrows). 224–225. Male and female ALS. 226–227. Male and female palpal tarsal organs. Scale lines: 10 µm (224–227), 20 µm (223), 100 µm (222)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613182/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">224, 225</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE9C0F8DC72BCF81E" box="[151,196,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 288–293" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1448,1473]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 288–293. Hoplopholcus patrizii (Roewer, 1962) (ZFMK Ar 20947). 288. Left male cheliceral apophysis. 289. Coneshaped hair at tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 290. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. 291. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 292. Male ALS. 293. Claws on male tarsus 2. Scale lines: 10 µm (288–289, 292), 20 µm (290, 293), 100 µm (291)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613202/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">292</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE987F8D3734FF81E" box="[208,311,1895,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 350–355" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 350–355. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 350. Epigynum. 351. Tip of female palp with tarsal organ. 352–353. Male and female ALS. 354. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 355. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (354), 10 µm (351–353), 20 µm (355), 100 µm (350)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613218/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">352, 353</figureCitation>
); PMS with two spigots each, PLS without spigots (both apparently invariable in 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACED8FF8D37732F81D" box="[1240,1354,1895,1921]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pholcidae</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC4FFACEC01F8D372ACF83A" author="Huber, B. A." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref50507" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 % 3 C 0001: NWPSAP % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC4FFADE990F8047391FEDF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1031,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
COLOR. In general ochre-yellow to brown, carapace usually with dark median band widened posteriorly and in ocular area (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC4FFACE82DF86773A7F872" box="[378,479,2003,2030]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1472,1497]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 6–7. H. labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903), male and female from Spilaio Melidoniou. 8–9. H. suluin sp. n., male and female from Sulu İn Mağarası. 10–11. H. minous Senglet, 1971, male from Orino Gorge and female with egg-sac from Exo Mouliana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613124/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 6, 7</figureCitation>
); sternum usually dark brown, in a few species light (
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACED13F86076BCF871" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1908" box="[1092,1220,2004,2029]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cecconii">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACED13F86076BCF871" box="[1092,1220,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. cecconii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACED84F8607758F872" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[1235,1312,2004,2030]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atik">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACED84F8607758F872" box="[1235,1312,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. atik</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC4FFACEC78F86077EDF872" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[1327,1429,2004,2030]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="konya">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC4FFACEC78F86077EDF872" box="[1327,1429,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. konya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADE9C0FF2E737EFF2F" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,262,153,179]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE9C0FF2E737EFF2F" box="[151,262,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. figulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Legs in most species with dark rings subdistally on femora and tibiae and in patella area, without dark rings in 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADE9A4FF0A730AFF4B" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1908" box="[243,370,190,215]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cecconii">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE9A4FF0A730AFF4B" box="[243,370,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. cecconii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADE8D7FF0A73B4FF4B" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[384,460,189,215]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atik">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE8D7FF0A73B4FF4B" box="[384,460,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. atik</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADE88DFF0A7030FF4B" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1971" box="[474,584,189,215]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE88DFF0A7030FF4B" box="[474,584,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. figulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEB01FF0A709EFF4B" baseAuthorityName="Kulczynski" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[598,742,189,215]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labyrinthi">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEB01FF0A709EFF4B" box="[598,742,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. labyrinthi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEA4AFF0A71ACFF4B" authorityName="Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[797,980,190,215]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minotaurinus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEA4AFF0A71ACFF4B" box="[797,980,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. minotaurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Abdomen in epigean species or populations with distinct dark pattern dorsally and laterally (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEA6FFF5571C2FF67" box="[824,954,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1472,1497]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 6–7. H. labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903), male and female from Spilaio Melidoniou. 8–9. H. suluin sp. n., male and female from Sulu İn Mağarası. 10–11. H. minous Senglet, 1971, male from Orino Gorge and female with egg-sac from Exo Mouliana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613124/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 10, 11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEA9FFF547657FF67" box="[968,1071,224,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 194–199" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,697,1928]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 194–199. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 194–197. H. forskali (Thorell, 1871), males from Taşkent, females from Zindan Mağarası (before and after egg-laying). 198. H. konya sp. n., female from Körükini Mağarası. 199. H. longipes (Spassky, 1934), male from Kintrishi Protected Area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613174/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">195, 199</figureCitation>
), and distinct ventral pattern, in cave-dwelling species or populations with dark marks often reduced to posterior part or without dark marks (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE9C0FE9D7282FEDF" box="[151,250,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1472,1497]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 6–7. H. labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903), male and female from Spilaio Melidoniou. 8–9. H. suluin sp. n., male and female from Sulu İn Mağarası. 10–11. H. minous Senglet, 1971, male from Orino Gorge and female with egg-sac from Exo Mouliana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613124/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 6, 7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE851FE9D7312FEDF" box="[262,362,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–123" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,690,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,690,1823]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 118–123. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 118–120. H. asiaeminoris Brignoli, 1978, female before egg-laying (from Cennet Çöküğü), female after egg-laying (from Ermenek), and male (from Akhayat sinkhole). 121. H. gazipasa sp. n., male from Yalan Dünya Mağarası. 122–123. H. dim sp. n., male from Dim Mağarası and female with egg-sac from unnamed small cave in Derebucak District." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613156/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">122, 123</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE821FE9D73A4FEDF" box="[374,476,296,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 262–265" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1960,1985]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1021,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,1021,1938]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 262–265. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 262–263. H. patrizii (Roewer, 1962), male from Karain Mağarası, and female from small cave near Elmalı. 264–265. H. figulus Brignoli, 1971, female from Samos, near Ampelos." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613194/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">262, 265</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC5FFADE990FEF9763EFE17" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
CHELICERAE. Chelicerae with stridulatory ridges (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEA4CFEF9710AFEFB" box="[795,882,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–36" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1341,1366]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 31–36. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 31–32. Male and female carapace and ocu- lar area, frontal (slightly dorsal) views. 33–34. Stridulatory ridges on male and female chelicerae. 35. Tip of left male cheliceral apophysis with cone-shaped hairs. 36. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. Scale lines: 10 µm (35), 20 µm (33), 100 µm (31–32, 34, 36)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613130/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 33</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEA28FEF971E5FEFB" box="[895,925,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–69" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1313,1338]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,174,1294]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 64–69. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 (CJVK 2267). 64–65. Stridulatory ridges on male and female chelicerae. 66. Male palpal tarsal organ. 67. Left male cheliceral apophysis. 68–69. Cone-shaped hairs at tips of male cheliceral apophyses. Scale lines: 10 µm (66–69), 100 µm (64–65)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613140/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">64</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEAFDFEF971AFFEFB" box="[938,983,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 288–293" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1448,1473]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 288–293. Hoplopholcus patrizii (Roewer, 1962) (ZFMK Ar 20947). 288. Left male cheliceral apophysis. 289. Coneshaped hair at tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 290. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. 291. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 292. Male ALS. 293. Claws on male tarsus 2. Scale lines: 10 µm (288–289, 292), 20 µm (290, 293), 100 µm (291)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613202/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">290</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEAB4FEF87668FEFB" box="[995,1040,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 350–355" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 350–355. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 350. Epigynum. 351. Tip of female palp with tarsal organ. 352–353. Male and female ALS. 354. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 355. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (354), 10 µm (351–353), 20 µm (355), 100 µm (350)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613218/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">355</figureCitation>
), with 1–4 modified (cone-shaped) hairs on each distal cheliceral apophysis (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEBF7FEC5708DFE17" box="[672,757,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1835,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,381,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[160,1427,373,1815]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) from Spilaio Melidoniou (ZFMK Ar 20875). 21–22. Left pro- cursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive membranous process). 23–24. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 25–28. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 29–30. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite; mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; tp, transparent process; vk, ventral ‘knee’; vs, ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613128/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 23</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEA56FEC57167FE17" box="[769,799,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 82–91" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,276,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,276,1815]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 82–91. Hoplopholcus suluin sp. n. from Sulu İn Mağarası (ZFMK Ar 20896). 82–83. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral obtuse process). 84–85. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 86–89. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at hair-like processes on embolar sclerite). 90–91. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. es, embolar sclerite; mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; vs, putative ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613146/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">84</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEA7CFEC571F7FE17" box="[811,911,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 106. Male carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 107. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 108–109. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses. 110. Tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 111. Male palpal tarsal organ. Scale lines: 10 µm (108–111), 100 µm (106–107)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613152/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">108, 109</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEACCFEC57678FE17" box="[923,1024,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 228–233" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1564,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 228–233. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 228–229. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses (of same specimen—note asymmetry of modified hairs). 230–231. Distal and subdistal modified hairs on left male cheliceral apophysis. 232. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 233. Stridulatory ridges on female chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (231), 10 µm (228–230, 233), 20 µm (232)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613184/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">228–231</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADED5CFEC57641FE17" box="[1035,1081,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURES 344–349" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,654,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,654,1872]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 344–349. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 344. Female ocular area (arrows point at ‘pseudo-eyes’). 345. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots (two spigots broken). 346. Male cheliceral apophysis. 347. Modified hair at tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 348. Male bulbal processes (es, embolar sclerite; vs, ventral sclerite; arrow points at sperm duct opening). 349. Spine on male leg femur 1. Scale lines: 2 µm (347), 10 µm (345–346, 349), 20 µm (344, 348)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613216/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">347</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC5FFADE990FE2176D5FD53" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
PALPS. Palpal coxa with variably distinct retrolateral hump; trochanter barely modified; femur widening distally, with variably distinct transversal dark line on retrolateral side (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEA2EFE0D71B3FE4F" box="[889,971,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–20" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1634,1659]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1615]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,174,1615]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 12–20. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903). Left male palp in prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (ar- rows in Fig. 12 point at femur-patella joints; arrow in Fig. 14 points at transversal dark line on femur); epigyna, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 12–17. Male and female from Spilaio Melidoniou (ZFMK Ar 20875). 18–20. Female from Spilaio Vreikou (ZFMK Ar 20884)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613126/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 14</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEA80FE0D718DFE4F" box="[983,1013,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–55" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1947,1972]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,445,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[164,1424,445,1927]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 47–55. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971. Left male palp in prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrow points at transversal dark line on femur); epigyna, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 47–52. Male and female from Spilaio Milatou (ZFMK Ar 20889). 53–55. Female from Spilaio Katsibourdou (MHNG)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613136/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">49</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADED57FE0D7654FE48" box="[1024,1068,441,468]" captionStart="FIGURES 124–129" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1919,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,685,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,685,1867]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 124–129. Hoplopholcus asiaeminoris Brignoli, 1978 from near Su Çıktığı Mağarası (ZFMK Ar 20917). 124–126. Left male palp in prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrow points at transversal dark line on femur). 127–129. Epigynum, ventral view, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613158/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">126</figureCitation>
), with stridulatory pick (modified hair) proximally on prolateral side (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEB75FE6970FEFE6B" box="[546,646,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–117" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1935,1960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 112–117. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 112–113. Stridulatory picks on male and female palpal femora. 114–115. Tarsal organs on male tarsus 4 and on female tarsus 1, dorsal views. 116. Female ALS. 117. Spines on male femur 1. Scale lines: 10 µm (112–116), 100 µm (117)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613154/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 112</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEBC5FE6870C7FE6B" box="[658,703,476,503]" captionStart="FIGURES 350–355" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 350–355. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 350. Epigynum. 351. Tip of female palp with tarsal organ. 352–353. Male and female ALS. 354. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 355. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (354), 10 µm (351–353), 20 µm (355), 100 µm (350)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613218/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">354</figureCitation>
); femur-patella joints shifted toward prolateral side (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEC6AFE6977F6FE6B" box="[1341,1422,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–20" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1634,1659]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1615]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,174,1615]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 12–20. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903). Left male palp in prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (ar- rows in Fig. 12 point at femur-patella joints; arrow in Fig. 14 points at transversal dark line on femur); epigyna, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 12–17. Male and female from Spilaio Melidoniou (ZFMK Ar 20875). 18–20. Female from Spilaio Vreikou (ZFMK Ar 20884)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613126/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
); palpal tarsus without dorsal macrotrichia, palpal tarsal organ exposed (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEAE2FDB57675FD87" box="[949,1037,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–42" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1888]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 37–42. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 37–38. Male and female palpal tarsal or- gans. 39. Tip of right procursus, retrolateral view, showing ventral spine (vs), transparent process (tp), and distinctive membranous process (arrow). 40. Hair-like processes at tip of procursus. 41. Tip of embolar sclerite with hair-like processes. 42. Base of trichobothrium on female palpal tibia. Scale lines: 10 µm (37–38, 40–42), 100 µm (39)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613132/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 37</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADED4DFDB57640FD87" box="[1050,1080,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–69" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1313,1338]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,174,1294]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 64–69. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 (CJVK 2267). 64–65. Stridulatory ridges on male and female chelicerae. 66. Male palpal tarsal organ. 67. Left male cheliceral apophysis. 68–69. Cone-shaped hairs at tips of male cheliceral apophyses. Scale lines: 10 µm (66–69), 100 µm (64–65)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613140/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">66</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADED11FDB57617FD87" box="[1094,1135,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 106–111" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1933,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,670,1887]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 106–111. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 106. Male carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 107. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 108–109. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses. 110. Tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 111. Male palpal tarsal organ. Scale lines: 10 µm (108–111), 100 µm (106–107)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613152/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">111</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADED29FDB576D3FD80" box="[1150,1195,513,540]" captionStart="FIGURES 222–227" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1438,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 222–227. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 222. Female carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 223. Male eyes and ‘pseudo-eyes’ (arrows). 224–225. Male and female ALS. 226–227. Male and female palpal tarsal organs. Scale lines: 10 µm (224–227), 20 µm (223), 100 µm (222)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613182/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">226</figureCitation>
); procursus relatively simple and conservative (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE8F9FD917395FDA3" box="[430,493,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1268,1293]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,204,1230]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1233]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Schematic drawings of procursus (left procursus, prolateral view), genital bulb (left bulb, prolateral view), and female internal genitalia (ventral view; except for pair of bulging areas, all structures shown are internal), illustrating used terminology." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613118/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), with variably distinct ventral ‘knee’, distally always with ventral spine and transparent process, with variable set of additional sclerotized and membranous processes; genital bulb usually with two main sclerites (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE856FDD9733DFD1B" box="[257,325,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1268,1293]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,204,1230]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1233]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Schematic drawings of procursus (left procursus, prolateral view), genital bulb (left bulb, prolateral view), and female internal genitalia (ventral view; except for pair of bulging areas, all structures shown are internal), illustrating used terminology." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613118/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), one of them ventrally (‘ventral sclerite’), the other one carrying the sperm duct opening (‘embolar sclerite’, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE9ACFD257336FD37" box="[251,334,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–75" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 70–75. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 (CJVK 2267). 70. Embolar sclerite with sperm duct opening (arrow). 30. Hair-like processes on embolar sclerite. 72. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 73. Epigynum. 74–75. Male and female ALS. Scale lines: 10 µm (74), 20 µm (70, 75), 30 µm (71), 100 µm (72), 200 µm (73)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613142/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 70</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE80FFD2573FBFD37" box="[344,387,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURES 240–245" captionStartId="52.[151,255,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 240–245. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 240. Right bulbal processes, distal view (dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite;vs, ventral sclerite;arrow points at sperm duct opening).241.Tarsal organ on female leg 4.242–243.Spines on male femur 1. 244. Detail of male tarsus 1. 245. Claws on male tarsus 4. Scale lines:10 µm (241, 244–245), 100 µm (240, 242–243)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613188/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">240</figureCitation>
) and sometimes provided with hair-like or small cone-shaped processes (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADED98FD25775AFD37" box="[1231,1314,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–42" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1888]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 37–42. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 37–38. Male and female palpal tarsal or- gans. 39. Tip of right procursus, retrolateral view, showing ventral spine (vs), transparent process (tp), and distinctive membranous process (arrow). 40. Hair-like processes at tip of procursus. 41. Tip of embolar sclerite with hair-like processes. 42. Base of trichobothrium on female palpal tibia. Scale lines: 10 µm (37–38, 40–42), 100 µm (39)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613132/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 41</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEC7BFD257721FD37" box="[1324,1369,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURES 240–245" captionStartId="52.[151,255,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 240–245. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 240. Right bulbal processes, distal view (dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite;vs, ventral sclerite;arrow points at sperm duct opening).241.Tarsal organ on female leg 4.242–243.Spines on male femur 1. 244. Detail of male tarsus 1. 245. Claws on male tarsus 4. Scale lines:10 µm (241, 244–245), 100 µm (240, 242–243)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613188/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">240</figureCitation>
); with variably distinct dorsal membranous process and sometimes with sclerotized prolateral process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC5FFADE990FD6D76E8FBC7" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
LEGS. Legs long and relatively thin, leg 1 length ~20–80, tibia 1 length 6–20 (usually ~8–16), tibia 2 always longer than tibia 4 (~1.1–1.2 x). Tibia 1 L/d usually ~40–70, lowest values in epigean species, highest values in cave-dwelling species/populations. Femur 1 slightly stronger than other femora. Spines always present on femur 1 (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE9C8FCF1728EFCC3" box="[159,246,836,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–46" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1358,1383]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,445,1338]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 43–46. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 43–44. Male and female ALS. 45. Spines on male femur 1. 46. Curved hairs on male metatarsus 2. Scale lines: 10 µm (43–44), 20 µm (45), 100 µm (46)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613134/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 45</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE855FCF17355FCC3" box="[258,301,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–117" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1935,1960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 112–117. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 112–113. Stridulatory picks on male and female palpal femora. 114–115. Tarsal organs on male tarsus 4 and on female tarsus 1, dorsal views. 116. Female ALS. 117. Spines on male femur 1. Scale lines: 10 µm (112–116), 100 µm (117)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613154/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">117</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE86EFCF173E5FCC3" box="[313,413,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 240–245" captionStartId="52.[151,255,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 240–245. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 240. Right bulbal processes, distal view (dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite;vs, ventral sclerite;arrow points at sperm duct opening).241.Tarsal organ on female leg 4.242–243.Spines on male femur 1. 244. Detail of male tarsus 1. 245. Claws on male tarsus 4. Scale lines:10 µm (241, 244–245), 100 µm (240, 242–243)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613188/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">242, 243</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE8FFFCF173AEFCC3" box="[424,470,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 344–349" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1899,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,654,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,654,1872]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 344–349. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 344. Female ocular area (arrows point at ‘pseudo-eyes’). 345. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots (two spigots broken). 346. Male cheliceral apophysis. 347. Modified hair at tip of male cheliceral apophysis. 348. Male bulbal processes (es, embolar sclerite; vs, ventral sclerite; arrow points at sperm duct opening). 349. Spine on male leg femur 1. Scale lines: 2 µm (347), 10 µm (345–346, 349), 20 µm (344, 348)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613216/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">349</figureCitation>
), usually ~ 
<quantity id="4C9A9B3EFFC5FFADEB07FCF070CCFCC3" box="[592,692,836,863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="25.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="15.0">15–35 in</quantity>
single ventral row, proximally gradually transforming into regular setae; spines in some species also present on femur 2, very rarely also on tibia 1; some species with curved hairs (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE9F7FC39728AFC34" box="[160,242,909,936]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–46" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1358,1383]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1338]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,445,1338]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 43–46. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 43–44. Male and female ALS. 45. Spines on male femur 1. 46. Curved hairs on male metatarsus 2. Scale lines: 10 µm (43–44), 20 µm (45), 100 µm (46)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613134/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
) on anterior tibiae and metatarsi (1–2 or 1–3), others without curved hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium in proximal position (at 4.0–7.5% of tibia length in tibia 1), prolateral trichobothrium usually present on all tibiae, in some species absent on tibia 1 (
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEB55FC6270ECFC73" baseAuthorityName="Kulczynski" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[514,660,981,1007]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labyrinthi">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEB55FC6270ECFC73" box="[514,660,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. labyrinthi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEBF3FC627124FC73" authorityName="Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[676,860,982,1007]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minotaurinus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEBF3FC627124FC73" box="[676,860,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. minotaurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEA3BFC6271ACFC73" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[876,980,981,1007]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suluin">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEA3BFC6271ACFC73" box="[876,980,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. suluin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEAB4FC62762BFC73" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1971" box="[995,1107,981,1007]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEAB4FC62762BFC73" box="[995,1107,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. figulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); metatarsus with one dorsal trichobothrium (apparently invariable in 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEB27FC4D709AFB8F" box="[624,738,1017,1043]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pholcidae</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC5FFADEBA5FC4D71F8FB8F" author="Huber, B. A." box="[754,896,1017,1043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref50507" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 % 3 C 0001: NWPSAP % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Tarsal pseudosegments very indistinct, never regular rings but rather indistinct irregular platelets (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEBBEFBA97135FBAB" box="[745,845,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 240–245" captionStartId="52.[151,255,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 240–245. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 240. Right bulbal processes, distal view (dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite;vs, ventral sclerite;arrow points at sperm duct opening).241.Tarsal organ on female leg 4.242–243.Spines on male femur 1. 244. Detail of male tarsus 1. 245. Claws on male tarsus 4. Scale lines:10 µm (241, 244–245), 100 µm (240, 242–243)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613188/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 244</figureCitation>
). Tarsus 4 with two rows of prolatero-ventral combhairs (cf. fig. 
<quantity id="4C9A9B3EFFC5FFADE878FBF57310FBC7" box="[303,360,1089,1115]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC5FFADE838FBF570D2FBC7" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; Fleckenstein, N." box="[367,682,1089,1115]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="232 - 240" refId="ref50845" refString="Huber, B. A. &amp; Fleckenstein, N. (2008) Comb-hairs on the fourth tarsi in pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae). Journal of Arachnology, 36, 232 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / CSh 07 - 71.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Huber &amp; Fleckenstein 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Tarsal organs of legs capsulate (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADED75FBF576FBFBC7" box="[1058,1155,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–117" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1935,1960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 112–117. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 112–113. Stridulatory picks on male and female palpal femora. 114–115. Tarsal organs on male tarsus 4 and on female tarsus 1, dorsal views. 116. Female ALS. 117. Spines on male femur 1. Scale lines: 10 µm (112–116), 100 µm (117)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613154/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 114</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC5FFADE990FBD1764EFB5B" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Female. Female in general very similar to male, chelicerae also with stridulatory ridges (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEDF8FBD1777EFBE3" box="[1199,1286,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–36" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1341,1366]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,174,1322]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 31–36. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 31–32. Male and female carapace and ocu- lar area, frontal (slightly dorsal) views. 33–34. Stridulatory ridges on male and female chelicerae. 35. Tip of left male cheliceral apophysis with cone-shaped hairs. 36. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. Scale lines: 10 µm (35), 20 µm (33), 100 µm (31–32, 34, 36)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613130/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 34</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEC44FBD07749FBE3" box="[1299,1329,1124,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–69" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1313,1338]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,174,1294]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 64–69. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 (CJVK 2267). 64–65. Stridulatory ridges on male and female chelicerae. 66. Male palpal tarsal organ. 67. Left male cheliceral apophysis. 68–69. Cone-shaped hairs at tips of male cheliceral apophyses. Scale lines: 10 µm (66–69), 100 µm (64–65)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613140/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">65</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEC6AFBD17710FBE3" box="[1341,1384,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 228–233" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1564,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,234,1481]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 228–233. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 228–229. Right and left male cheliceral apophyses (of same specimen—note asymmetry of modified hairs). 230–231. Distal and subdistal modified hairs on left male cheliceral apophysis. 232. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 233. Stridulatory ridges on female chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (231), 10 µm (228–230, 233), 20 µm (232)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613184/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">233</figureCitation>
) but otherwise unmodified; legs slightly shorter than in male, also with curved hairs (if present in male), but without spines. All tarsal organs capsulate (i.e., also on palps; 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEBA4FB197130FB5B" box="[755,840,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–42" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1888]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 37–42. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 37–38. Male and female palpal tarsal or- gans. 39. Tip of right procursus, retrolateral view, showing ventral spine (vs), transparent process (tp), and distinctive membranous process (arrow). 40. Hair-like processes at tip of procursus. 41. Tip of embolar sclerite with hair-like processes. 42. Base of trichobothrium on female palpal tibia. Scale lines: 10 µm (37–38, 40–42), 100 µm (39)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613132/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 38</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEA03FB187107FB5B" box="[852,895,1196,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–117" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1935,1960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,738,1915]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 112–117. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 (ZFMK Ar 20897). 112–113. Stridulatory picks on male and female palpal femora. 114–115. Tarsal organs on male tarsus 4 and on female tarsus 1, dorsal views. 116. Female ALS. 117. Spines on male femur 1. Scale lines: 10 µm (112–116), 100 µm (117)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613154/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">115</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEADCFB1971C0FB5B" box="[907,952,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 222–227" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1438,1463]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1436,181,1417]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 222–227. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 222. Female carapace and ocular area, frontal (slightly dorsal) view. 223. Male eyes and ‘pseudo-eyes’ (arrows). 224–225. Male and female ALS. 226–227. Male and female palpal tarsal organs. Scale lines: 10 µm (224–227), 20 µm (223), 100 µm (222)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613182/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">227</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEA94FB197197FB5B" box="[963,1007,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 240–245" captionStartId="52.[151,255,1939,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[151,1436,744,1911]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 240–245. Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871) (ZFMK Ar 20942). 240. Right bulbal processes, distal view (dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite;vs, ventral sclerite;arrow points at sperm duct opening).241.Tarsal organ on female leg 4.242–243.Spines on male femur 1. 244. Detail of male tarsus 1. 245. Claws on male tarsus 4. Scale lines:10 µm (241, 244–245), 100 µm (240, 242–243)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613188/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">241</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEAACFB187651FB5B" box="[1019,1065,1196,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 350–355" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 350–355. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 350. Epigynum. 351. Tip of female palp with tarsal organ. 352–353. Male and female ALS. 354. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 355. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (354), 10 µm (351–353), 20 µm (355), 100 µm (350)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613218/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">351</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC5FFADE990FB657762FA74" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
FEMALE GENITALIA. Epigynum usually consisting of large, simple anterior plate and short but wide posteri- or plate (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE878FB4173FCFA93" box="[303,388,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–20" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1634,1659]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1615]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,174,1615]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 12–20. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903). Left male palp in prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (ar- rows in Fig. 12 point at femur-patella joints; arrow in Fig. 14 points at transversal dark line on femur); epigyna, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 12–17. Male and female from Spilaio Melidoniou (ZFMK Ar 20875). 18–20. Female from Spilaio Vreikou (ZFMK Ar 20884)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613126/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 15</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE8D8FB4073D5FA93" box="[399,429,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–55" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1947,1972]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,445,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[164,1424,445,1927]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 47–55. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971. Left male palp in prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrow points at transversal dark line on femur); epigyna, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. 47–52. Male and female from Spilaio Milatou (ZFMK Ar 20889). 53–55. Female from Spilaio Katsibourdou (MHNG)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613136/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">50</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE8EFFB40739EFA93" box="[440,486,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIGURES 350–355" captionStartId="70.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,686,1918]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 350–355. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 350. Epigynum. 351. Tip of female palp with tarsal organ. 352–353. Male and female ALS. 354. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. 355. Stridulatory ridges on male chelicera. Scale lines: 2 µm (354), 10 µm (351–353), 20 µm (355), 100 µm (350)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613218/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">350</figureCitation>
); usually with distinct pair of bulging areas in front of anterior plate. Internal genitalia (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE9F7FAAD729BFAAF" box="[160,227,1305,1331]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1268,1293]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,204,1230]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1233]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Schematic drawings of procursus (left procursus, prolateral view), genital bulb (left bulb, prolateral view), and female internal genitalia (ventral view; except for pair of bulging areas, all structures shown are internal), illustrating used terminology." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613118/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) with sclerotized arc that consists of dorsal and ventral parts and is usually visible in uncleared specimens; uterus externus usually with ventral median pouch sometimes large and distinct (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADED2DFA8976AAFACB" box="[1146,1234,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–63" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1866,1891]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[157,1429,409,1846]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 56–63. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 from Spilaio Milatou (ZFMK Ar 20889). 56–57. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; arrow in Fig. 56 points at distinctive apophysis between ventral spine and transparent process, arrow in Fig. 57 points at distinctive membranous process. 58–61. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 62–63. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613138/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 62</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEDB7FA897776FAC4" box="[1248,1294,1341,1368]" captionStart="FIGURES 278–287" captionStartId="59.[159,272,1811,1836]" captionTargetBox="[168,1430,313,1786]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[168,1435,313,1792]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 278–287. Hoplopholcus patrizii (Roewer, 1962) from Kocain Mağarası (ZFMK Ar 20946). 278–279. Left procursus prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at small branch of ventral spine). 280–281. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 282–285. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views. 286–287. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrow points at distinctive anterior invagination of median pouch. mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp lateral pouch of uterus externus. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613200/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">286</figureCitation>
), sometimes small and/or indistinct (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE881FAD57041FAE7" box="[470,569,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 98–105" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1613,1638]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,174,1593]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 98–105. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 from Crete, near Exo Mouliana (ZFMK Ar 20897). 98–99. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views. 100–103. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views. 104–105. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; vs, ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613150/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 104</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEB12FAD5700AFAE7" box="[581,626,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 334–343" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1881,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,174,1831]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 334–343. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 from Bét She’arim (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 334–335. Left pro- cursus, prolateral and retrolateral views. 336–337. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 338–341. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views. 342–343. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613214/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">342</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEB2BFAD570D2FAE7" box="[636,682,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 400–409" captionStartId="79.[151,264,1676,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1415,174,1650]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,174,1657]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURES 400–409. Hoplopholcus figulus Brignoli, 1971 (♂ from Lesbos, ZFMK Ar 20974; ♀ from Samos, ZFMK Ar 20972). 400–401. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views. 402–403. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 404–407. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views. 408–409. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. mp, median pouch of uterus externus. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613232/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">408</figureCitation>
), and pair of lateral pouches/ridges sometimes connected to median pouch (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE876FA31730DFA03" box="[289,373,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1835,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,381,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[160,1427,373,1815]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) from Spilaio Melidoniou (ZFMK Ar 20875). 21–22. Left pro- cursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive membranous process). 23–24. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 25–28. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 29–30. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite; mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; tp, transparent process; vk, ventral ‘knee’; vs, ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613128/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 29</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE8D6FA3173D8FA3C" box="[385,416,1413,1440]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–63" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1866,1891]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[157,1429,409,1846]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 56–63. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 from Spilaio Milatou (ZFMK Ar 20889). 56–57. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; arrow in Fig. 56 points at distinctive apophysis between ventral spine and transparent process, arrow in Fig. 57 points at distinctive membranous process. 58–61. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 62–63. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613138/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">62</figureCitation>
), sometimes connected to ventral arc (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEAD6FA31719CFA03" box="[897,996,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURES 278–287" captionStartId="59.[159,272,1811,1836]" captionTargetBox="[168,1430,313,1786]" captionTargetId="figure@59.[168,1435,313,1792]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 278–287. Hoplopholcus patrizii (Roewer, 1962) from Kocain Mağarası (ZFMK Ar 20946). 278–279. Left procursus prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at small branch of ventral spine). 280–281. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 282–285. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views. 286–287. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrow points at distinctive anterior invagination of median pouch. mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp lateral pouch of uterus externus. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613200/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 286</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEAB8FA317664FA03" box="[1007,1052,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURES 334–343" captionStartId="68.[151,264,1881,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,174,1831]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURES 334–343. Hoplopholcus cecconii Kulczyński, 1908 from Bét She’arim (ZFMK Ar 20962–63). 334–335. Left pro- cursus, prolateral and retrolateral views. 336–337. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 338–341. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views. 342–343. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613214/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">342</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADED71FA31762CFA3C" box="[1062,1108,1413,1440]" captionStart="FIGURES 378–387" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1689,1714]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,174,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[157,1429,174,1670]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 378–387. Hoplopholcus bursa sp. n. from Turkey, Great Oylat Cave (ZFMK Ar 20970–71). 378–379. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive dorsal process). 380–381. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 382–385. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 386–387. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views (arrow points at distinctive median sclerite of ventral arc). mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613226/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">386</figureCitation>
), sometimes not connected to other sclerotized elements (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE8A8FA1D7019FA5F" box="[511,609,1449,1475]" captionStart="FIGURES 98–105" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1613,1638]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,174,1593]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 98–105. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 from Crete, near Exo Mouliana (ZFMK Ar 20897). 98–99. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views. 100–103. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views. 104–105. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; vs, ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613150/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 104</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEB3BFA1D70E2FA58" box="[620,666,1449,1476]" captionStart="FIGURES 158–167" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1682,1707]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,188,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,174,1663]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 158–167. Hoplopholcus gazipasa sp. n. from Yalan Dünya Mağarası (♂: ZFMK Ar 20923; ♀: NMNHS). 158–159. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at pointed prolateral process). 160–161. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 162–165. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrows point at distinctive subdistal process on embolar sclerite). 166–167. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. lp, lateral pouch. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613166/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">166</figureCitation>
); rarely with additional set of lateral sclerites connected to ventral arc (arrow in 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE851FA79731FFA74" box="[262,359,1485,1512]" captionStart="FIGURES 252–261" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1874,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,337,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[151,1436,337,1854]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 252–261. Hoplopholcus konya sp. n. from Körükini Mağarası (ZFMK Ar 20943). 252–253. Left procursus, prola- teral and retrolateral views. 254–255. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 256–259. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at conical processes on embolar sclerite). 260–261. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrow points at distinctively curved lateral sclerites. mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; vs, ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613192/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 260</figureCitation>
); pore plates usually large, with homogeneously distributed pores (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEDDAFA79769AFA7B" box="[1165,1250,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1835,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,381,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[160,1427,373,1815]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) from Spilaio Melidoniou (ZFMK Ar 20875). 21–22. Left pro- cursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive membranous process). 23–24. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 25–28. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 29–30. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite; mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; tp, transparent process; vk, ventral ‘knee’; vs, ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613128/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 30</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADEDB9FA797775FA74" box="[1262,1293,1485,1512]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–63" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1866,1891]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[157,1429,409,1846]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 56–63. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 from Spilaio Milatou (ZFMK Ar 20889). 56–57. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; arrow in Fig. 56 points at distinctive apophysis between ventral spine and transparent process, arrow in Fig. 57 points at distinctive membranous process. 58–61. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 62–63. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613138/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">63</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC5FFADE990FA457142F89B" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE990FA457328F997" bold="true" box="[199,336,1521,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Monophyly</emphasis>
. The morphological cladistic analysis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEA4AFA4576FAF997" authority="in Huber (2012)" authorityName="in Huber" authorityYear="2012" box="[797,1154,1521,1547]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Smeringopinae">
Smeringopinae in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC5FFADEABDFA4576FAF997" author="Huber, B. A." box="[1002,1154,1521,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref50643" refString="Huber, B. A. (2012) Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae). Zootaxa, 3461 (1), 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3461.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Huber (2012)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
included only two representatives of 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADE87AF9A173B2F9B3" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[301,458,1557,1583]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE87AF9A173B2F9B3" box="[301,458,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It identified two synapomorphies for the genus: the presence of curved hairs on legs, and the ‘membranous process’ (here called ‘transparent process’) of the procursus. The first character is highly homoplastic and may or may not be a valid synapomorphy. The second appears indeed unique, but a very similar structure occurs in a group of undescribed 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEBD5F9357154F907" authorityName="in Huber" authorityYear="2012" box="[642,812,1665,1691]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Smeringopinae">Smeringopinae</taxonomicName>
from Northern Africa (B.A. Huber, unpublished data). The recent molecular phylogeny of 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEB63F91171F6F923" authority="(Eberle et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Eberle et al." baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[564,910,1701,1727]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Pholcidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC5FFADEBE3F91171FEF923" author="Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D. &amp; Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A." box="[692,902,1701,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="141" refId="ref50291" refString="Eberle, J., Dimitrov, D., Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A. (2018) Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
Eberle 
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEA5FF912713BF923" box="[776,835,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
included 12 species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEDF6F9117746F923" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[1185,1342,1701,1727]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEDF6F9117746F923" box="[1185,1342,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the monophyly of the genus was recovered with maximum support. The cladogram in 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADED79F97D7617F97F" box="[1070,1135,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1441,1466]" captionTargetBox="[340,1244,704,1369]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,694,1381]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic relationships among Smeringopinae genera in general (missing: Cenemus) and within Hoplopholcus in particular, taken from the molecular analysis of Eberle et al. (2018). Numbers at nodes indicate rapid bootstrapping support (copied from Eberle et al. 2018)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613120/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
is extracted from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC5FFADEC6FF97D7370F89B" author="Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D. &amp; Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="141" refId="ref50291" refString="Eberle, J., Dimitrov, D., Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A. (2018) Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
Eberle 
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADECDFF97E72CCF89B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
, with names updated and taxa slightly rearranged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC5FFADE990F8A476C2F87C" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE990F8A473B0F8B7" bold="true" box="[199,456,1808,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Generic relationships</emphasis>
. Both the morphological (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC5FFADEBA7F8A57102F8B7" author="Huber, B. A." box="[752,890,1809,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref50643" refString="Huber, B. A. (2012) Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae). Zootaxa, 3461 (1), 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3461.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Huber 2012</bibRefCitation>
) and the molecular analyses (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC5FFADED9FF8A577EDF8B7" author="Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D. &amp; Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A." box="[1224,1429,1809,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="141" refId="ref50291" refString="Eberle, J., Dimitrov, D., Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A. (2018) Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
Eberle 
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEC4CF8A6772CF8B7" box="[1307,1364,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
) placed 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADE9B0F88173FCF8D3" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[231,388,1845,1871]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE9B0F88173FCF8D3" box="[231,388,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a “northern clade” of 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEBCEF881765AF8D3" authority="(Huber et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Huber et al." baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[665,1058,1845,1871]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Smeringopinae">
Smeringopinae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC5FFADEA06F8817662F8D3" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D." box="[849,1050,1845,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="51 - 101" refId="ref50785" refString="Huber, B. A., Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D. (2018) The phylogeny of pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae): a critical evaluation of relationships suggested by molecular data. ZooKeys, 789, 51 - 101. http: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 789.22781" type="journal article" year="2018">
Huber 
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEAC8F88271AFF8D3" box="[927,983,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, closer to the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEC5AF88177EDF8D3" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[1293,1429,1845,1871]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Crossopriza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEC5AF88177EDF8D3" box="[1293,1429,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Crossopriza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADE9C0F8ED7354F8EF" authorityName="Absolon &amp; Kratochvil" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,300,1881,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Stygopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE9C0F8ED7354F8EF" box="[151,300,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stygopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADE83DF8ED738EF8EF" box="[362,502,1881,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE83DF8ED738EF8EF" box="[362,502,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holocnemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, than to the Sub-Saharan genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEA3FF8ED7182F8EF" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[872,1018,1881,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEA3FF8ED7182F8EF" box="[872,1018,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Smeringopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADED67F8ED76B5F8EF" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="1957" box="[1072,1229,1881,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Smeringopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADED67F8ED76B5F8EF" box="[1072,1229,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Smeringopina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The relationships among genera within the northern clade remain unclear. Morphological data favored a sister-group relationship between 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADE9ACF81573E0F827" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[251,408,1953,1979]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE9ACF81573E0F827" box="[251,408,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADE899F815701BF827" authorityName="Absolon &amp; Kratochvil" authorityYear="1932" box="[462,611,1953,1979]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Stygopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADE899F815701BF827" box="[462,611,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stygopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while molecular data placed 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEAE6F8157636F827" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[945,1102,1953,1979]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEAE6F8157636F827" box="[945,1102,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister to all other genera of the northern clade (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC5FFADE826F87173CCF843" box="[369,436,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1441,1466]" captionTargetBox="[340,1244,704,1369]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,694,1381]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic relationships among Smeringopinae genera in general (missing: Cenemus) and within Hoplopholcus in particular, taken from the molecular analysis of Eberle et al. (2018). Numbers at nodes indicate rapid bootstrapping support (copied from Eberle et al. 2018)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613120/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) (but note that 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC5FFADEB37F87170BFF843" authorityName="Saaristo" authorityYear="2001" box="[608,711,1989,2015]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Cenemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC5FFADEB37F87170BFF843" box="[608,711,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cenemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not included in the molecular analysis).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1D6653FFC6FFAEE9C0FB407361FAC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3613118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613118/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,264,1268,1293]" targetBox="[163,1426,204,1230]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC6FFAEE9C0FB407361FAC9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1268,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEE9C0FB407345FA91" bold="true" box="[151,317,1268,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
Schematic drawings of procursus (left procursus, prolateral view), genital bulb (left bulb, prolateral view), and female internal genitalia (ventral view; except for pair of bulging areas, all structures shown are internal), illustrating used terminology.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC6FFAEE990FAC87144F9F3" blockId="6.[151,1437,1404,2044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEE990FAC873BDFA0B" bold="true" box="[199,453,1404,1431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Specific relationships</emphasis>
. Molecular data have identified a few species groups that appear also supported by morphological characters. Beyond that, relationships among species remain largely unresolved. The two cave-dwelling species on 
<collectingRegion id="49A6F839FFC6FFAEE843FA717329FA43" box="[276,337,1477,1503]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Crete</collectingRegion>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEE836FA72738AFA43" baseAuthorityName="Kulczynski" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[353,498,1477,1503]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labyrinthi">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEE836FA72738AFA43" box="[353,498,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. labyrinthi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEEB56FA7270C1FA43" authorityName="Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[513,697,1478,1503]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minotaurinus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEEB56FA7270C1FA43" box="[513,697,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. minotaurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are likely sister species; they share the unique thin membranous process distally on the procursus (arrows in 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEEBDDFA5D7099F99F" box="[650,737,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1835,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,381,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[160,1427,373,1815]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) from Spilaio Melidoniou (ZFMK Ar 20875). 21–22. Left pro- cursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive membranous process). 23–24. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 25–28. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 29–30. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite; mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; tp, transparent process; vk, ventral ‘knee’; vs, ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613128/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 22</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEEBBAFA5C7172F99F" box="[749,778,1512,1539]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–63" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1866,1891]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[157,1429,409,1846]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 56–63. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 from Spilaio Milatou (ZFMK Ar 20889). 56–57. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; arrow in Fig. 56 points at distinctive apophysis between ventral spine and transparent process, arrow in Fig. 57 points at distinctive membranous process. 58–61. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 62–63. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613138/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">57</figureCitation>
) and the prolateral process between ventral bulbal sclerite and embolar sclerite (arrows in 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEE8ACF9B97028F9BB" box="[507,592,1549,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1835,1860]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,381,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[160,1427,373,1815]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) from Spilaio Melidoniou (ZFMK Ar 20875). 21–22. Left pro- cursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive membranous process). 23–24. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 25–28. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 29–30. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite; mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; tp, transparent process; vk, ventral ‘knee’; vs, ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613128" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613128/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 26</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEEB0BF9B87004F9BB" box="[604,636,1548,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–63" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1866,1891]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[157,1429,409,1846]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 56–63. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 from Spilaio Milatou (ZFMK Ar 20889). 56–57. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; arrow in Fig. 56 points at distinctive apophysis between ventral spine and transparent process, arrow in Fig. 57 points at distinctive membranous process. 58–61. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral process). 62–63. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613138/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">59</figureCitation>
). Together with 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEEA65F9BA71E0F9BB" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[818,920,1549,1575]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suluin">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEEA65F9BA71E0F9BB" box="[818,920,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. suluin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they also share hair-like processes on the embolar sclerite (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEE860F98573F5F9D7" box="[311,397,1585,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–42" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1907,1932]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,589,1888]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 37–42. Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) (ZFMK Ar 20875). 37–38. Male and female palpal tarsal or- gans. 39. Tip of right procursus, retrolateral view, showing ventral spine (vs), transparent process (tp), and distinctive membranous process (arrow). 40. Hair-like processes at tip of procursus. 41. Tip of embolar sclerite with hair-like processes. 42. Base of trichobothrium on female palpal tibia. Scale lines: 10 µm (37–38, 40–42), 100 µm (39)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613132/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 41</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEE8CEF98573CFF9D7" box="[409,439,1585,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–75" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,661,1914]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 70–75. Hoplopholcus minotaurinus Senglet, 1971 (CJVK 2267). 70. Embolar sclerite with sperm duct opening (arrow). 30. Hair-like processes on embolar sclerite. 72. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. 73. Epigynum. 74–75. Male and female ALS. Scale lines: 10 µm (74), 20 µm (70, 75), 30 µm (71), 100 µm (72), 200 µm (73)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613142/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">71</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEE895F985739AF9D7" box="[450,482,1585,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 82–91" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,276,1812]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,276,1815]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 82–91. Hoplopholcus suluin sp. n. from Sulu İn Mağarası (ZFMK Ar 20896). 82–83. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive prolateral obtuse process). 84–85. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 86–89. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at hair-like processes on embolar sclerite). 90–91. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. es, embolar sclerite; mp, median pouch of uterus externus; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; vs, putative ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613146/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">89</figureCitation>
). Together with 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEEBC0F986717DF9D7" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1971" box="[663,773,1585,1611]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEEBC0F986717DF9D7" box="[663,773,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. figulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not included in the molecular analysis) these three species share the absence of the prolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC6FFAEE990F9CE71C9F963" blockId="6.[151,1437,1404,2044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
A second species group identified by molecular data includes several species from southern 
<collectingCountry id="F375764BFFC6FFAEED83F9CD775CF90F" box="[1236,1316,1657,1683]" name="Turkey" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEEC62F9CE7295F92B" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1978" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiaeminoris">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEEC62F9CE7295F92B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. asiaeminoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEE847F92A7323F92B" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[272,347,1693,1719]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dim">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEE847F92A7323F92B" box="[272,347,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. dim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEE829F92973B8F92B" box="[382,448,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1441,1466]" captionTargetBox="[340,1244,704,1369]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,694,1381]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic relationships among Smeringopinae genera in general (missing: Cenemus) and within Hoplopholcus in particular, taken from the molecular analysis of Eberle et al. (2018). Numbers at nodes indicate rapid bootstrapping support (copied from Eberle et al. 2018)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613120/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) and the more widespread 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEEBBAF92A7118F92B" authorityName="Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[749,864,1694,1719]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minous">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEEBBAF92A7118F92B" box="[749,864,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. minous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All these species share a slender ventral sclerite of the genital bulb (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEE803F97573C0F947" box="[340,440,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 98–105" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1613,1638]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,174,1593]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 98–105. Hoplopholcus minous Senglet, 1971 from Crete, near Exo Mouliana (ZFMK Ar 20897). 98–99. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views. 100–103. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views. 104–105. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. dmp, dorsal membranous process; es, embolar sclerite; lp, lateral pouch of uterus externus; vs, ventral sclerite. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613150/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 101</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEE893F9757388F947" box="[452,496,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 142–151" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1854,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,214,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,214,1762]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 142–151. Hoplopholcus asiaeminoris Brignoli, 1978 from near Su Çıktığı Mağarası (ZFMK Ar 20917). 142–143. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at distinctive obtuse retrolateral process). 144–145. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 146–149. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at conical processes on embolar sclerite). 150–151. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. lp, lateral pouch. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613162/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">147</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEE8ABF9757050F947" box="[508,552,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 158–167" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1682,1707]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,188,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,174,1663]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 158–167. Hoplopholcus gazipasa sp. n. from Yalan Dünya Mağarası (♂: ZFMK Ar 20923; ♀: NMNHS). 158–159. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at pointed prolateral process). 160–161. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 162–165. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrows point at distinctive subdistal process on embolar sclerite). 166–167. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. lp, lateral pouch. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613166/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">163</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC6FFAEEB63F975701AF947" box="[564,610,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 186–193" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1922,1947]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,497,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,497,1902]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 186–193. Hoplopholcus dim sp. n. from Dim Mağarası (ZFMK Ar 20928). 186–187. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views. 188–191. Left genital bulb, dorsal, prolateral, ventral, and retrolateral views (arrow points at conical processes on embolar sclerite). 192–193. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. lp, lateral pouch. Scale lines: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613172/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">189</figureCitation>
). The inclusion of 
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEEA65F9767136F947" box="[818,846,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H.</emphasis>
“Tur21” in this group leads to the prediction that the unknown male of this species also shares this morphological character.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC6FFAEE990F8BD710AF8DB" blockId="6.[151,1437,1404,2044]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Finally, the sister-group relationship between the 
<typeStatus id="54D98879FFC6FFAEEBB9F8BE7166F8B8" box="[750,798,1802,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEEA2BF8BE718CF8BF" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1871" box="[892,1012,1801,1827]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forskali">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEEA2BF8BE718CF8BF" box="[892,1012,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. forskali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEED7EF8BE76F6F8BF" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[1065,1166,1801,1827]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="konya">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEED7EF8BE76F6F8BF" box="[1065,1166,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. konya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggested by molecular data is neither supported nor contradicted by morphological data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC6FFAFE990F8E671FBFE83" blockId="6.[151,1437,1404,2044]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,153,576]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEE990F8E673F9F8F7" bold="true" box="[199,385,1872,1900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Natural history</emphasis>
. The large majority of records are from caves. However, most cave-dwelling species occupy the twilight area and do not occur in deeper parts of the caves. Some of these cave-dwelling species have also been found under large rocks or in deeper layers of rock fields (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEEA31F82E7180F82F" baseAuthorityName="Kulczynski" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[870,1016,1945,1971]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labyrinthi">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEEA31F82E7180F82F" box="[870,1016,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. labyrinthi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEED50F82E76F1F82F" baseAuthorityName="Spassky" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1031,1161,1945,1971]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEED50F82E76F1F82F" box="[1031,1161,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEEDCFF82E7774F82F" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1176,1292,1946,1971]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patrizii">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEEDCFF82E7774F82F" box="[1176,1292,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H. patrizii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), suggesting that they are actually not strictly cave-dwelling but just depend on certain conditions that are shared by caves near the entrance and by shallow subterranean habitats (cf. Huber 2018). As a result, most cave-dwelling 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC6FFAEEDA8F85577E4F867" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[1279,1436,2017,2043]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC6FFAEEDA8F85577E4F867" box="[1279,1436,2017,2043]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are only slightly troglomorphic, with more slender legs and paler coloration but with fully developed eyes. The only exception regarding eye development is 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEB31FF0A70AEFF4B" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1971" box="[614,726,189,215]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEB31FF0A70AEFF4B" box="[614,726,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. figulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but even this most troglomorphic representative of the genus has been found under rocks in a forest. The formally undescribed 
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEA26FF5671F5FF67" box="[881,909,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H.</emphasis>
“Tur21” was found deep within Gilindere cave only, far from the entrance, but is also only slightly troglomorphic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC7FFAFE990FE9D775DFE2C" blockId="7.[151,1436,153,576]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
A few species are clearly epigean, and are commonly found among rocks in forests, in particular 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEC70FE9E77E4FEDF" authorityName="Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[1319,1436,298,323]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minous">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEC70FE9E77E4FEDF" box="[1319,1436,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. minous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFE991FEFA7346FEFB" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1871" box="[198,318,333,359]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forskali">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFE991FEFA7346FEFB" box="[198,318,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. forskali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter species is the only one that has spread far north into eastern Central Europe where it is an anthropophilic species, occupying both natural habitats and neglected and abandoned human constructions (rather than inhabited and heated rooms that are occupied by 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEBA4FE21718CFE33" baseAuthorityName="Fuesslin" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[755,1012,405,431]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phalangioides">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEBA4FE21718CFE33" box="[755,1012,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pholcus phalangioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC7FFAFED55FE217761FE2C" author="Kovacs, G. &amp; Szinetar, C." box="[1026,1305,405,432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="171 - 190" refId="ref51026" refString="Kovacs, G. &amp; Szinetar, C. (2016) Adatok a mintas alkaszaspok [(Hoplopholcus forskali (Thorell, 1871]) es a nagy alkaszaspok [(Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775)] biologiajahoz (Araneae: Pholcidae). Biologia. A Nyme Savaria Egyetemi Koz- pont Tudomanyos Kozlemenyei XXI. Termeszettudomanyok, 16, 171 - 190." type="journal article" year="2016">Kovács &amp; Szinetár 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC7FFAFE990FE0D714FFE64" blockId="7.[151,1436,153,576]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Some species (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFE8F2FE0E7024FE4F" authorityName="Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[421,604,442,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minotaurinus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFE8F2FE0E7024FE4F" box="[421,604,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. minotaurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEB3DFE0E7091FE4F" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1908" box="[618,745,442,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cecconii">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEB3DFE0E7091FE4F" box="[618,745,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. cecconii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) seem to include hypogean and epigean populations with significant differences in leg length (see redescriptions below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC7FFAFE990FDB57700FDA3" blockId="7.[151,1436,153,576]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
As usual in 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFE803FDB573BDFD87" box="[340,453,513,539]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pholcidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFE883FDB57009FD87" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[468,625,513,539]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFE883FDB57009FD87" box="[468,625,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species usually vibrate their bodies when disturbed. Another common reaction to disturbance is retreating toward the back into holes and crevices or (rarely) dropping out of the web.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1D6653FFC7FFAFE9C0FA15739DF99C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3613120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613120/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,250,1441,1466]" targetBox="[340,1244,704,1369]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC7FFAFE9C0FA15739DF99C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1441,1536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFE9C0FA15736BFA26" bold="true" box="[151,275,1441,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic relationships among 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEB20FA157168FA26" box="[631,784,1441,1466]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Smeringopinae">Smeringopinae</taxonomicName>
genera in general (missing: 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFED67FA1676F5FA25" authorityName="Saaristo" authorityYear="2001" box="[1072,1165,1442,1465]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Cenemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFED67FA1676F5FA25" box="[1072,1165,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cenemus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and within 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEC59FA1577E4FA25" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[1294,1436,1441,1465]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEC59FA1577E4FA25" box="[1294,1436,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in particular, taken from the molecular analysis of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC7FFAFEBCDFA77711BFA40" author="Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D. &amp; Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A." box="[666,867,1475,1500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="141" refId="ref50291" refString="Eberle, J., Dimitrov, D., Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A. (2018) Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
Eberle 
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEBB4FA71716FFA40" box="[739,791,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
. Numbers at nodes indicate rapid bootstrapping support (copied from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC7FFAFE876FA5373A1F99C" author="Eberle, J. &amp; Dimitrov, D. &amp; Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A." box="[289,473,1511,1536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="141" refId="ref50291" refString="Eberle, J., Dimitrov, D., Valdez-Mondragon, A. &amp; Huber, B. A. (2018) Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 18, 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 018 - 1244 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
Eberle 
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFE83EFA5D73E5F99C" box="[361,413,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC7FFAFE990F98B71E8F93D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1598,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Most or all species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFE884F98B700BF9C5" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[467,627,1599,1625]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFE884F98B700BF9C5" box="[467,627,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
build the ‘typical’ pholcid dome-shaped webs with a tangle of lines above the sheet. Silk balls that are facultatively attached to the webs and that may be a synapomorphy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEC17F9D673ECF93D" authority="(Huber 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Huber" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Smeringopinae">
Smeringopinae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF34B2AFFC7FFAFE856F93273F4F93D" author="Huber, B. A." box="[257,396,1670,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref50643" refString="Huber, B. A. (2012) Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae). Zootaxa, 3461 (1), 1 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3461.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Huber 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
have never been observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEBBEF93371F1F93D" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[745,905,1671,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEBBEF93371F1F93D" box="[745,905,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC7FFAFE990F91E7688F891" blockId="7.[151,1437,1598,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Males and females were often found to share a web. Females carry their round egg-sacs (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC7FFAFED9BF91E775DF959" box="[1228,1317,1706,1733]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–11" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1472,1497]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 6–11. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 6–7. H. labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903), male and female from Spilaio Melidoniou. 8–9. H. suluin sp. n., male and female from Sulu İn Mağarası. 10–11. H. minous Senglet, 1971, male from Orino Gorge and female with egg-sac from Exo Mouliana." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613124/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC7FFAFEC65F91F77E0F959" box="[1330,1432,1707,1733]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–123" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1880,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,690,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,690,1823]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 118–123. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 118–120. H. asiaeminoris Brignoli, 1978, female before egg-laying (from Cennet Çöküğü), female after egg-laying (from Ermenek), and male (from Akhayat sinkhole). 121. H. gazipasa sp. n., male from Yalan Dünya Mağarası. 122–123. H. dim sp. n., male from Dim Mağarası and female with egg-sac from unnamed small cave in Derebucak District." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613156/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">119, 123</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC7FFAFE9C0F97B72BBF975" box="[151,195,1743,1769]" captionStart="FIGURES 194–199" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,697,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,697,1928]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 194–199. Hoplopholcus spp., live specimens. 194–197. H. forskali (Thorell, 1871), males from Taşkent, females from Zindan Mağarası (before and after egg-laying). 198. H. konya sp. n., female from Körükini Mağarası. 199. H. longipes (Spassky, 1934), male from Kintrishi Protected Area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613174/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">197</figureCitation>
) until the spiderlings hatch and even a short while after that. Some data on mating biology and genital mechanics exist for 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFE80CF94773AEF891" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1871" box="[347,470,1779,1805]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forskali">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFE80CF94773AEF891" box="[347,470,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. forskali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEB5AF94770B0F890" authorityName="Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[525,712,1779,1804]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minotaurinus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEB5AF94770B0F890" box="[525,712,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. minotaurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see individual Natural history sections below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3786550FFC7FFA0E990F8A27284FD87" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC7FFAFE990F8A27007F879" blockId="7.[151,1437,1598,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFE990F8A27324F8AD" bold="true" box="[199,348,1814,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F375764BFFC7FFAFE839F8A273B8F8AC" box="[366,448,1814,1840]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F375764BFFC7FFAFE8A8F8A37028F8AD" box="[511,592,1815,1841]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Greece</collectingCountry>
are clearly the centers of distribution in the sense that the majority of species is largely or entirely restricted to 
<collectingCountry id="F375764BFFC7FFAFEBD3F88E70AEF8C8" box="[644,726,1850,1876]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F375764BFFC7FFAFEA43F88F7110F8C9" box="[788,872,1851,1877]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Greece</collectingCountry>
, in particular southern 
<collectingCountry id="F375764BFFC7FFAFED2CF88E76B5F8C8" box="[1147,1229,1850,1876]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and Crete. Three widespread species extend the distribution of the genus toward eastern Central Europe (
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEDD9F8EB7772F8E5" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1871" box="[1166,1290,1887,1913]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forskali">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEDD9F8EB7772F8E5" box="[1166,1290,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. forskali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), toward the area around the eastern Black Sea (
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEB7CF83770D7F801" baseAuthorityName="Spassky" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[555,687,1923,1949]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEB7CF83770D7F801" box="[555,687,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and toward the Levante (
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFEAB2F837761FF800" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1908" box="[997,1127,1923,1948]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cecconii">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFEAB2F837761FF800" box="[997,1127,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. cecconii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="13592A5EFFC7FFAFEDD6F83676BEF801" box="[1153,1222,1922,1949]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1372,1397]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,561,1347]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1431,561,1347]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Known distribution of Hoplopholcus. For previously published dubious records from the Adriatic Coast, Iraq, and Turkmenistan, see under redescription of H. forskali." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613122" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613122/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Previous records from the Adriatic Coast, 
<collectingCountry id="F375764BFFC7FFAFE8E2F813739EF85D" box="[437,486,1959,1985]" name="Iraq" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Iraq</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F375764BFFC7FFAFEB75F81270B8F85C" box="[546,704,1958,1984]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
are very probably based on misidentifications (see Distribution section in the redescription of 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC7FFAFE8A3F87F7017F879" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1871" box="[500,623,1995,2021]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forskali">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC7FFAFE8A3F87F7017F879" box="[500,623,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">H. forskali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC8FFA0E990FF2D7330FEF4" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
At several localities, two species have been found close to each other. Usually this was an epigean and a hypogean species (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC8FFA0E8F0FF0A7063FF4B" authorityName="Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[423,539,190,215]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minous">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC8FFA0E8F0FF0A7063FF4B" box="[423,539,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. minous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC8FFA0EB06FF0A70B9FF4B" authorityName="Brignoli" authorityYear="1971" box="[593,705,189,215]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="figulus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC8FFA0EB06FF0A70B9FF4B" box="[593,705,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. figulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Samos, or 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC8FFA0EA34FF0A71AFFF4B" authorityName="Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[867,983,190,215]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minous">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC8FFA0EA34FF0A71AFFF4B" box="[867,983,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. minous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC8FFA0ED5AFF0A76B0FF4B" authorityName="Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[1037,1224,190,215]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minotaurinus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC8FFA0ED5AFF0A76B0FF4B" box="[1037,1224,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. minotaurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Exo Mouliana), but it seems that two species do never share a cave. This is particularly noteworthy in 
<collectingRegion id="49A6F839FFC8FFA0ED38FF5576C8FF67" box="[1135,1200,225,251]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Crete</collectingRegion>
, where 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC8FFA0EC5FFF5677E4FF67" baseAuthorityName="Kulczynski" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1288,1436,225,251]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labyrinthi">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC8FFA0EC5FFF5677E4FF67" box="[1288,1436,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. labyrinthi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC8FFA0E99DFEB273FFFE83" authorityName="Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[202,391,262,287]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minotaurinus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC8FFA0E99DFEB273FFFE83" box="[202,391,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. minotaurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have previously been reported to share caves. Reexaminations of the relevant specimens showed that all apparent cases of shared caves were based on misidentifications (see redescriptions of these two species below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDD36DBFFC8FFA0E990FEC47284FD87" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC8FFA0E990FEC4731AFE17" bold="true" box="[199,354,368,395]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Composition</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC8FFA0E825FEC5706AFE17" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[370,530,369,395]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC8FFA0E825FEC5706AFE17" box="[370,530,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
now includes 16 described species, all of which are treated below. The collections seen include a few further possible species that are not formally described, either because males are not known or because few specimens are available, partly of uncertain status. It does not seem that 
<taxonomicName id="4C624D58FFC8FFA0EDB6FE0D77F9FE4F" authorityName="- Senglet" authorityYear="1971" box="[1249,1409,441,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Hoplopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B916EAC9FFC8FFA0EDB6FE0D77F9FE4F" box="[1249,1409,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hoplopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much more diverse than currently known, but further species are most likely to be found in 
<collectingCountry id="F375764BFFC8FFA0EDE5FE69777DFE6B" box="[1202,1285,477,503]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, in particular in caves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>