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<document id="815F71B7EAFBC75BD1C636674CC3CA0B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190597" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0517f33-b9e9-4a78-882a-0b100dc3a6a1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190597" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459886016419" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, Alexander &amp; Burbrink, Frank T." docDate="2009" docId="03F2AA3FFFE0401123E0FAFCA4FAFE0C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02241p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2241" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lampropeltis holbrooki Stejneger 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFCBD247FFE440142377FFBEA17CFF96" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the Common Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula; Serpentes: Colubridae) and the burden of heritage in taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="22" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698227781581" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="544295C172DC13283ABD449D0C627CC6">Systematics of the Common Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula; Serpentes: Colubridae) and the burden of heritage in taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FBEA699640ACBC147B00B70808478608">Pyron, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D4219FB6D5C922EDB5A4E422DC8B080E">Burbrink, Frank T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="AFF5D0AB5CBB66AB00D71092636878BB">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F2AA3FFFE0401123E0FAFCA4FAFE0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6219712" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119371501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6219712" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2AA3FFFE0401123E0FAFCA4FAFE0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F2AA3FFFE0401123E0FAFCA4FAFE0C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="C34148A2FFE0401023E0FAFCA0FBFA30" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023E0FAFCA3F9FACA" blockId="4.[151,645,1346,1446]" box="[151,645,1346,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="D0ACAC45FFE0401023E0FAFCA3F9FACA" bold="true" box="[151,645,1346,1372]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B60AAFFE0401023E0FAFCA3F9FACA" authority="Stejneger 1903" authorityName="Stejneger" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,645,1346,1372]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holbrooki">
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023E0FAFCA3F9FACA" bold="true" box="[151,645,1346,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023E0FAFCA0CFFACA" bold="true" box="[151,435,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Lampropeltis holbrooki</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE0401022B5FAFCA301FACA" author="Stejneger, L. H." box="[450,637,1346,1372]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="149 - 158" part="25" refString="Stejneger, L. H. (1903) The reptiles of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 25, 149 - 158." title="The reptiles of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona" type="journal article" year="1903">Stejneger 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023E0FADBA064FAE9" blockId="4.[151,645,1346,1446]" box="[151,280,1381,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
(
<figureCitation id="136007ACFFE0401023E8FADBA072FAE9" box="[159,270,1381,1407]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1517,1541]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,257,1419,1443]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,256,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1408,428,1485]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,390,1393]" captionTargetBox-2="[167,1436,197,1845]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1493]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,390,1394]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1845]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Chronogram showing genetic structure, geographic location, and divergence times of the five species in the Lampropeltis getula complex, from Pyron &amp; Burbrink (2009 c). The dates and depth of the terminal triangles represent the time of the most recent common ancestor of that lineage, while the height of the triangles is proportional to the number of samples in the clade. Dates at nodes represent the mean and 95 % credible interval for that node, while numbers above branches represent Bayesian posterior probability support. Divergence times and support values are from Pyron &amp; Burbrink (2009 c)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Range map of the five lineages recovered by Pyron &amp; Burbrink (2009 c), corresponding to five distinct species in North America. Note the zones of sympatry between L. californiae and L. splendida, and L. nigra and L. getula." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Primary color pattern variants of five species of the Lampropeltis getula group. Many additional variants occur regionally; these are simply the primary color pattern classes of the five species. See Blaney (1977), Conant &amp; Collins (1998), Stebbins (2003), and Krysko &amp; Judd (2006) for more detailed descriptions of color pattern variation. Photograps of L. getula (R), L. nigra (R), L. holbrooki (L), and L. californiae are compliments S. L. &amp; J. T. Collins, CNAH. The photograph of L. holbrooki (R) is compliments D. B. Shepard, CUNY-CSI." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/190598/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/190599/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/190600/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023E0FA32A0FBFA30" blockId="4.[151,645,1346,1446]" box="[151,391,1420,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Speckled Kingsnake</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34148A2FFE0401023E0FA66A19FF9D6" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023E0FA66A0F1FA65" blockId="4.[151,1437,1496,2026]" box="[151,397,1496,1523]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023E0FA66A06EFA64" bold="true" box="[151,274,1496,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<typeStatus id="54E0A58BFFE0401023E0FA66A072FA64" box="[151,270,1496,1522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Unknown
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023B2FA41A19FF9D6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1496,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023B2FA41A005F98F" bold="true" box="[197,377,1535,1561]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<typeStatus id="54E0A58BFFE0401023B2FA41A07EF98F" box="[197,258,1535,1561]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
Locality:
</emphasis>
‘Valley of the Mississippi’ (Holbrook 1842), restricted to Hot Springs, Arkansas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE04010264FF9BEA1AAF9D6" author="Schmidt, K. P." bookContentInfo="280 pp." journalOrPublisher="University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" refString="Schmidt, K. P. (1953) A check list of North American. amphibians and reptiles. 6 th ed. University Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 280 pp." title="A check list of North American. amphibians and reptiles. 6 th ed" type="book" year="1953">Schmidt 1953</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34148A2FFE0401023B2F9F3A2DFF94D" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023B2F9F3A5D8F918" blockId="4.[151,1437,1496,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023B2F9F3A026F9F1" bold="true" box="[197,346,1613,1639]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Etymology:</emphasis>
Specific epithet is a patronym honoring John Edwards Holbrook, a prominent American herpetologist of the 19th century, known as the ‘father of North American Herpetology’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023B2F924A2DFF94D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1496,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023B2F924A026F922" bold="true" box="[197,346,1690,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Synonymy:</emphasis>
This species is essentially co-terminous with populations of the previously recognized subspecies
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE04010226BF97FA0B5F94C" box="[284,457,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
L. g.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B60AAFFE04010222FF97FA0B5F94C" box="[344,457,1729,1754]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holbrooki">holbrooki</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
occurring west of the Mississippi River.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34148A2FFE0401123B2F959A4FAFE0C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401123B2F959A4FAFE0C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1496,2026]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,410]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023B2F959A032F897" bold="true" box="[197,334,1767,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
The Speckled Kingsnake (
<taxonomicName id="4C5B60AAFFE0401021D6F956A247F897" box="[673,827,1768,1793]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holbrooki">
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401021D6F956A247F897" box="[673,827,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">L. holbrooki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is a medium- to large-bodied constrictor with a maximum adult size of
<quantity id="4CA3B6CCFFE0401022CFF8B0A376F8BE" box="[440,522,1806,1832]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="cm" value="183.0">183cm</quantity>
and a mean adult range of
<quantity id="4CA3B6CCFFE04010202EF8B0A2A4F8BE" box="[857,984,1806,1832]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" metricValueMax="1.22" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="cm" value="106.0" valueMax="122.0" valueMin="90.0">90–122cm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE04010209EF8B0A477F8BE" author="Conant, R. &amp; Collins, J. T." bookContentInfo="616 pp." box="[1001,1291,1806,1832]" journalOrPublisher="Houghton Mifflin, Boston" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" refString="Conant, R. &amp; Collins, J. T. (1998) Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 3 rd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 616 pp." title="Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 3 rd ed" type="book" year="1998">Conant &amp; Collins 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Scales are smooth, anal plate single, and midbody scale rows number 19–25 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE0401020DFF88BA53FF8D9" author="Blaney, R. M." box="[936,1091,1845,1871]" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="47 - 104" part="19" refString="Blaney, R. M. (1977) Systematics of the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getulus (Linnaeus). Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany, 19, 47 - 104." title="Systematics of the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getulus (Linnaeus)" type="journal article" year="1977">Blaney 1977</bibRefCitation>
). Ventral scales number
<quantity id="4CA3B6CCFFE040102616F88BA199F8E0" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3213" metricValueMax="5.6388" metricValueMin="5.0038" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="209.5" valueMax="222.0" valueMin="197.0">197– 222 in</quantity>
both sexes, with subcaudals ranging from
<quantity id="4CA3B6CCFFE040102184F8E2A21CF8E0" box="[755,864,1884,1910]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3335" metricValueMax="1.4986" metricValueMin="1.1684" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="52.5" valueMax="59.0" valueMin="46.0">46–59 in</quantity>
males and
<quantity id="4CA3B6CCFFE04010209BF8E2A524F8E0" box="[1004,1112,1884,1910]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" metricValueMax="1.2953999999999999" metricValueMin="0.9398" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="44.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="37.0">37–51 in</quantity>
females (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE0401027A7F8E2A4EBF8E0" author="Blanchard, F. N." box="[1232,1431,1884,1910]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 260" part="114" refString="Blanchard, F. N. (1921) A revision of the king snakes, genus Lampropeltis. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 114, 1 - 260." title="A revision of the king snakes, genus Lampropeltis" type="journal article" year="1921">Blanchard 1921</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE0401023E0F83CA04DF80A" author="Blaney, R. M." box="[151,305,1922,1948]" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="47 - 104" part="19" refString="Blaney, R. M. (1977) Systematics of the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getulus (Linnaeus). Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany, 19, 47 - 104." title="Systematics of the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getulus (Linnaeus)" type="journal article" year="1977">Blaney 1977</bibRefCitation>
). The Speckled Kingsnake occurs west of the Mississippi River, from Iowa and Nebraska in the north to the Gulf Coast, and west to west-central Texas (
<figureCitation id="136007ACFFE040102045F817A206F855" box="[818,890,1961,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1419,1443]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,390,1394]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Range map of the five lineages recovered by Pyron &amp; Burbrink (2009 c), corresponding to five distinct species in North America. Note the zones of sympatry between L. californiae and L. splendida, and L. nigra and L. getula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190599/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The majority of the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B60AAFFE04010279FF817A404F854" box="[1256,1400,1961,1986]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holbrooki">
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE04010279FF817A404F854" box="[1256,1400,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">L. holbrooki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the ‘speckled’ pattern, which consists of a black ground color, with a white or yellow speckle in the center of each scale, and very occasionally a faint trace of dorsal crossbanding (
<figureCitation id="136007ACFFE14011279CFF26A446FF24" box="[1259,1338,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,197,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1845]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Primary color pattern variants of five species of the Lampropeltis getula group. Many additional variants occur regionally; these are simply the primary color pattern classes of the five species. See Blaney (1977), Conant &amp; Collins (1998), Stebbins (2003), and Krysko &amp; Judd (2006) for more detailed descriptions of color pattern variation. Photograps of L. getula (R), L. nigra (R), L. holbrooki (L), and L. californiae are compliments S. L. &amp; J. T. Collins, CNAH. The photograph of L. holbrooki (R) is compliments D. B. Shepard, CUNY-CSI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190600/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Large geographical areas harboring at least superficial morphological intermediacy between the Speckled Kingsnake and the Desert lineage in west central Texas are apparently inhabited only by the Speckled Kingsnake, suggesting that such color pattern variation may be due to phenotypic responses to ecological gradation, rather than hybridization or introgression (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE140112072FE8CA557FEDD" author="Pyron, R. A. &amp; Burbrink, F. T." box="[773,1067,306,332]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="3443 - 3457" part="18" refString="Pyron, R. A. &amp; Burbrink, F. T. (2009 c) Lineage diversification in a widespread species: roles for niche divergence and conservatism in the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula. Molecular Ecology, 18, 3443 - 3457." title="Lineage diversification in a widespread species: roles for niche divergence and conservatism in the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula" type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="c">
Pyron &amp; Burbrink 2009
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE140112769FE8CA557FEDD" box="[1054,1067,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). The precise western extent of the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B60AAFFE140112249FEE7A0A2FEE4" box="[318,478,345,370]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holbrooki">
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE140112249FEE7A0A2FEE4" box="[318,478,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">L. holbrooki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unclear, but ecological niche modeling predicts that the range extends approximately to the Pecos and Rio Grande River drainages (see Fig.
<quantity id="4CA3B6CCFFE1401120BEFE3EA28AFE0C" box="[969,1014,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE14011208AFE3EA45DFE0F" author="Pyron, R. A. &amp; Burbrink, F. T." box="[1021,1313,384,410]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="3443 - 3457" part="18" refString="Pyron, R. A. &amp; Burbrink, F. T. (2009 c) Lineage diversification in a widespread species: roles for niche divergence and conservatism in the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula. Molecular Ecology, 18, 3443 - 3457." title="Lineage diversification in a widespread species: roles for niche divergence and conservatism in the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula" type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="c">
Pyron &amp; Burbrink 2009
<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE140112663FE3EA45DFE0F" box="[1300,1313,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="136007ACFFE140112646FE3EA404FE0C" box="[1329,1400,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1419,1443]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,390,1394]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Range map of the five lineages recovered by Pyron &amp; Burbrink (2009 c), corresponding to five distinct species in North America. Note the zones of sympatry between L. californiae and L. splendida, and L. nigra and L. getula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190599/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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