138 lines
19 KiB
XML
138 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="09DF90D0088E8EA2399AB547EA3EDB2A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190597" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0517f33-b9e9-4a78-882a-0b100dc3a6a1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190597" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459886016419" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, Alexander & Burbrink, Frank T." docDate="2009" docId="03F2AA3FFFE0401023E0FEC1A574FB7E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02241p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2241" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lampropeltis nigra Yarrow 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFCBD247FFE440142377FFBEA17CFF96" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the Common Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula; Serpentes: Colubridae) and the burden of heritage in taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="22" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698227781581" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="EDE024E5402E21971B81FDB5D233F989">Systematics of the Common Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula; Serpentes: Colubridae) and the burden of heritage in taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FF7308DEF0948D800A9B99361C1C0289" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="039E406A87AECE56585ADFD83A42B9D2">Pyron, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B377908382E1A16D1EE3E8A02E5800DB">Burbrink, Frank T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6DA4176F9ADED8A42A59EAD5374FC254">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="352968F76E01EF43B2C661917AA710A8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3F2EEF9A380437FFF8CA71D79563DDCF">
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<mods:date id="A828319C95F0CB81BE387DFEEF04AE75">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="80A94028F93BF6DAA01001AFF232CC61" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2AEED19290297FA314DE56E1F7175DCA">2241</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2C23C44A5E43042090357AF20BDFF22D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.190597</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E6A993BC7BB2CBC6C1BC21698DA7229A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F827F26317DA53F7C6F7038E21D17B92" type="Zenodo-Dep">190597</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F2AA3FFFE0401023E0FEC1A574FB7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6219710" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119371502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6219710" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2AA3FFFE0401023E0FEC1A574FB7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F2AA3FFFE0401023E0FEC1A574FB7E" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C34148A2FFE0401023E0FEC1A01CFE75" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023E0FEC1A345FE0F" blockId="4.[151,569,383,483]" box="[151,569,383,409]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D0ACAC45FFE0401023E0FEC1A345FE0F" bold="true" box="[151,569,383,409]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B60AAFFE0401023E0FEC1A345FE0F" authority="Yarrow 1882" authorityName="Yarrow" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,569,383,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023E0FEC1A345FE0F" bold="true" box="[151,569,383,409]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023E0FEC1A003FE0F" bold="true" box="[151,383,383,409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Lampropeltis nigra</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE0401022F9FEC1A34DFE0F" author="Yarrow, H. C." box="[398,561,383,409]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 249" part="24" refString="Yarrow, H. C. (1882) Check list of North American reptilia and batrachia. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 24, 1 - 249." title="Check list of North American reptilia and batrachia" type="journal article" year="1882">Yarrow 1882</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023E0FE1CA064FE2A" blockId="4.[151,569,383,483]" box="[151,280,418,444]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136007ACFFE0401023E8FE1CA072FE2A" box="[159,270,418,444]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,255,1517,1541]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,257,1419,1443]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,256,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1408,428,1485]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,390,1393]" captionTargetBox-2="[167,1436,197,1845]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,411,1493]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,390,1394]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1845]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Chronogram showing genetic structure, geographic location, and divergence times of the five species in the Lampropeltis getula complex, from Pyron & Burbrink (2009 c). The dates and depth of the terminal triangles represent the time of the most recent common ancestor of that lineage, while the height of the triangles is proportional to the number of samples in the clade. Dates at nodes represent the mean and 95 % credible interval for that node, while numbers above branches represent Bayesian posterior probability support. Divergence times and support values are from Pyron & Burbrink (2009 c)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Range map of the five lineages recovered by Pyron & Burbrink (2009 c), corresponding to five distinct species in North America. Note the zones of sympatry between L. californiae and L. splendida, and L. nigra and L. getula." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Primary color pattern variants of five species of the Lampropeltis getula group. Many additional variants occur regionally; these are simply the primary color pattern classes of the five species. See Blaney (1977), Conant & Collins (1998), Stebbins (2003), and Krysko & Judd (2006) for more detailed descriptions of color pattern variation. Photograps of L. getula (R), L. nigra (R), L. holbrooki (L), and L. californiae are compliments S. L. & J. T. Collins, CNAH. The photograph of L. holbrooki (R) is compliments D. B. Shepard, CUNY-CSI." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/190598/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/190599/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/190600/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023E0FE77A01CFE75" blockId="4.[151,569,383,483]" box="[151,352,457,483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Black Kingsnake</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34148A2FFE0401023E0FDA8A39BFDC1" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023E0FDA8A25EFDA6" blockId="4.[151,1437,534,1256]" box="[151,802,534,560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023E0FDA8A06EFDA6" bold="true" box="[151,274,534,560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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<typeStatus id="54E0A58BFFE0401023E0FDA8A072FDA6" box="[151,270,534,560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED4A83ECFFE04010226DFDA8A00EFDA6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[282,370,534,560]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">USNM</collectionCode>
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12149, collected by Robert Ridgway.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023B2FD83A39BFDC1" blockId="4.[151,1437,534,1256]" box="[197,743,573,599]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023B2FD83A005FDC1" bold="true" box="[197,377,573,599]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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<typeStatus id="54E0A58BFFE0401023B2FD83A07EFDC1" box="[197,258,573,599]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
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Locality:
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</emphasis>
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Wheatland, Knox Co. Indiana.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34148A2FFE0401023B2FDDDA1A3FD5D" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023B2FDDDA422FDE8" blockId="4.[151,1437,534,1256]" box="[197,1374,611,638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023B2FDDDA02AFDEB" bold="true" box="[197,342,611,637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Etymology:</emphasis>
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Specific epithet refers to the predominantly black dorsal coloration of many specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023B2FD34A1A3FD5D" blockId="4.[151,1437,534,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023B2FD34A02FFD32" bold="true" box="[197,339,650,676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Synonymy:</emphasis>
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This species comprises the previously recognized subspecies
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<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE040102743FD34A5CEFD35" box="[1076,1202,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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L. g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B60AAFFE040102705FD34A5CEFD35" box="[1138,1202,650,675]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">nigra</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE04010279BFD34A4E0FD35" box="[1260,1436,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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L. g.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B60AAFFE04010265CFD34A4E0FD35" box="[1323,1436,650,675]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holbrooki">holbrooki</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(part).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34148A2FFE0401023B2FD69A574FB7E" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE41B29FFE0401023B2FD69A574FB7E" blockId="4.[151,1437,534,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE0401023B2FD69A03BFD67" bold="true" box="[197,327,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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The Black Kingsnake (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B60AAFFE04010212CFD66A3C4FD67" box="[603,696,728,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="B92FC73BFFE04010212CFD66A3C4FD67" box="[603,696,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">L. nigra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) is a large- to medium-bodied constrictor with an average adult size of
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<quantity id="4CA3B6CCFFE040102385FD40A009FC8E" box="[242,373,766,792]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" metricValueMax="1.22" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="cm" value="106.0" valueMax="122.0" valueMin="90.0">90–122cm</quantity>
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, with larger individuals attaining maximum lengths of
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<quantity id="4CA3B6CCFFE040102757FD40A5D3FC8E" box="[1056,1199,766,792]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.83" metricValueMin="1.47" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="cm" value="165.0" valueMax="183.0" valueMin="147.0">147–183cm</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE0401027B7FD40A1ABFCA9" author="Conant, R. & Collins, J. T." bookContentInfo="616 pp." journalOrPublisher="Houghton Mifflin, Boston" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" refString="Conant, R. & Collins, J. T. (1998) Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 3 rd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 616 pp." title="Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 3 rd ed" type="book" year="1998">Conant & Collins 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). Scales are smooth, anal plate single, and individuals typically exhibit 19–25 scale rows at midbody. Ventral scale counts range from
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<quantity id="4CA3B6CCFFE040102164FCF2A3E4FCF0" box="[531,664,844,870]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3213" metricValueMax="5.6388" metricValueMin="5.0038" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="209.5" valueMax="222.0" valueMin="197.0">197–222 in</quantity>
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both sexes (fewer in the north), while subcaudals range from
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<quantity id="4CA3B6CCFFE040102607FCF2A1AAFC1A" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3208" metricValueMax="1.4986" metricValueMin="1.143" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="52.0" valueMax="59.0" valueMin="45.0">45– 59 in</quantity>
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males and
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<quantity id="4CA3B6CCFFE040102214FCCCA0ACFC1A" box="[355,464,882,908]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" metricValueMax="1.2953999999999999" metricValueMin="0.9398" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="44.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="37.0">37–51 in</quantity>
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females (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE04010213EFCCCA390FC1A" author="Blaney, R. M." box="[585,748,882,908]" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="47 - 104" part="19" refString="Blaney, R. M. (1977) Systematics of the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getulus (Linnaeus). Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany, 19, 47 - 104." title="Systematics of the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getulus (Linnaeus)" type="journal article" year="1977">Blaney 1977</bibRefCitation>
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). The Black Kingsnake can be distinguished from other species in the genus based on a combination of geography and color pattern. The Black Kingsnake ranges from southern Illinois to the Gulf coast along the Mississippi River, and east to the Appalachian mountain and the Alabama River drainage in south Alabama (
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<figureCitation id="136007ACFFE0401021A0FC58A25EFB96" box="[727,802,998,1024]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1419,1443]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,390,1394]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Range map of the five lineages recovered by Pyron & Burbrink (2009 c), corresponding to five distinct species in North America. Note the zones of sympatry between L. californiae and L. splendida, and L. nigra and L. getula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190599/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Black Kingsnakes all exhibit a black ground color, typically with a black-and-white checkered venter, and rarely faint traces of dorsal crossbands (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE040102669FBB3A1AAFBD8" author="Blanchard, F. N." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 260" part="114" refString="Blanchard, F. N. (1921) A revision of the king snakes, genus Lampropeltis. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 114, 1 - 260." title="A revision of the king snakes, genus Lampropeltis" type="journal article" year="1921">Blanchard 1921</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE040102394FB8AA003FBD8" author="Blaney, R. M." box="[227,383,1076,1102]" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="47 - 104" part="19" refString="Blaney, R. M. (1977) Systematics of the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getulus (Linnaeus). Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany, 19, 47 - 104." title="Systematics of the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getulus (Linnaeus)" type="journal article" year="1977">Blaney 1977</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE0401022FBFB8AA3D6FBD8" author="Conant, R. & Collins, J. T." bookContentInfo="616 pp." box="[396,682,1076,1102]" journalOrPublisher="Houghton Mifflin, Boston" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" refString="Conant, R. & Collins, J. T. (1998) Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 3 rd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 616 pp." title="Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 3 rd ed" type="book" year="1998">Conant & Collins 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Each dorsal scale is punctuated by a yellow or white speckle near the center of the scale; this is strongest in the southern portion of their range and fades considerably in the north, where many adults may be almost completely black (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA66D8FFE0401020F6FB3FA47EFB0D" author="Conant, R. & Collins, J. T." bookContentInfo="616 pp." box="[897,1282,1153,1179]" journalOrPublisher="Houghton Mifflin, Boston" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" refString="Conant, R. & Collins, J. T. (1998) Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 3 rd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 616 pp." title="Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 3 rd ed" type="book" year="1998">
|
||
Conant & Collins 1998;
|
||
<figureCitation id="136007ACFFE0401027C0FB3FA47EFB0D" box="[1207,1282,1153,1179]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[167,1436,197,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,197,1845]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Primary color pattern variants of five species of the Lampropeltis getula group. Many additional variants occur regionally; these are simply the primary color pattern classes of the five species. See Blaney (1977), Conant & Collins (1998), Stebbins (2003), and Krysko & Judd (2006) for more detailed descriptions of color pattern variation. Photograps of L. getula (R), L. nigra (R), L. holbrooki (L), and L. californiae are compliments S. L. & J. T. Collins, CNAH. The photograph of L. holbrooki (R) is compliments D. B. Shepard, CUNY-CSI." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190600/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Black Kingsnake can be distinguished from the morphologically similar Central lineage on the basis of geography, as the Black Kingsnake is only found east of the Mississippi River (
|
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<figureCitation id="136007ACFFE0401020C6FB70A286FB7E" box="[945,1018,1230,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1419,1443]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1393]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,390,1394]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Range map of the five lineages recovered by Pyron & Burbrink (2009 c), corresponding to five distinct species in North America. Note the zones of sympatry between L. californiae and L. splendida, and L. nigra and L. getula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190599/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |