195 lines
21 KiB
XML
195 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4FA7B120E5A5663258224DF3A33D38CF">Ochotonidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0143BFE542A2CAFBE73EEFE9A083343C">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DABE486648184AD06177B595C97895C0">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B642ABDD0332790F7EC08CCA1F10070E">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="D5E9B6B5069A5A9C431BB6A11051A891">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="0343AD67443488BFF939D6C8808545C5">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="37BF3168F34E534C50C14BF77E3E2B80">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="F2A08B3FB1A1F82A88275830439B728F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E941211E4AFF71FA31FEB516E72857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6620032" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195764613" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6620032" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E941211E4AFF71FA31FEB516E72857" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E941211E4AFF71FA31FEB516E72857" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FA31FEB51AFC2311" box="[1474,1531,270,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA31FEB51AFC2311" blockId="13.[1471,2266,270,400]" box="[1474,1531,270,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E4AFF71FA31FEB51AFC2311" box="[1474,1531,270,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<figureCitation id="137BECB21E4AFF71FA31FEB51AFC2311" box="[1474,1531,270,320]" captionStart="Plate 2: Ochotonidae" captionStartId="10.[125,155,3413,3434]" captionTargetBox="[13,2770,13,3644]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="15. Kazakh Pika (Ochotona opaca), 16. Silver Pika (Ochotona argentata), 17. American Pika (Ochotona princeps), 18. Collared Pika (Ochotona collaris), 19. Steppe Pika (Ochotona pusilla), 20. Large-eared Pika (Ochotona macrotis), 21. Royle’s Pika (Ochotona roylu), 22. Afghan Pika (Ochotona rufescens), 23. Forrest's Pika (Ochotona forrest), 24. Ladak Pika (Ochotona ladacensis), 25. Turkestan Red Pika (Ochotona rutila), 26. Kozlov’s Pika (Ochotona koslowi), 27. Chinese Red Pika (Ochotona erythrotis), 28. Glover’s Pika (Ochotona gloveri), 29. Ili Pika (Ochotona iliensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6619863/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">23.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71F9F8FEB518262311" box="[1547,1825,270,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71F9F8FEB518262311" blockId="13.[1471,2266,270,400]" box="[1547,1825,270,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E4AFF71F9F8FEB518262311" box="[1547,1825,270,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<vernacularName id="054380191E4AFF71F9F8FEB518262311" box="[1547,1825,270,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Forrest's Pika</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71F89FFEB517952311" box="[1900,2194,270,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71F89FFEB517952311" blockId="13.[1471,2266,270,400]" box="[1900,2194,270,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E4AFF71F89FFEB517952311" box="[1900,2194,270,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71F89FFEB517952311" ID-CoL="7W4B6" authority="Thomas, 1923" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1923" box="[1900,2194,270,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forresti">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71F89FFEB517952311" box="[1900,2194,270,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Ochotona forresti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FA32FEE918C223DF" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA32FEE917DD2336" blockId="13.[1471,2266,270,400]" box="[1473,2266,338,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E4AFF71FA32FEE917DD2336" box="[1473,2266,338,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FA32FEE9190B2336" bold="true" box="[1473,1548,338,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E4AFF71F9E5FEE919AD2336" box="[1558,1706,338,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Pika de Forrest</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71F94CFEE9181E2336" bold="true" box="[1727,1817,338,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E4AFF71F8D0FEE918CC2336" box="[1827,1995,338,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Forrest-Pfeifhase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71F813FEE9173B2336" bold="true" box="[2016,2108,338,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E4AFF71F7B6FEE917DD2336" box="[2117,2266,338,359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Pica de Forrest</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA33FEC218C223DF" blockId="13.[1471,2266,270,400]" box="[1472,1989,377,398]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E4AFF71FA33FEC218C223DF" box="[1472,1989,377,398]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FA33FEC219B023DF" bold="true" box="[1472,1719,377,398]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E4AFF71F933FEC2185223DF" box="[1728,1877,377,398]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Gaoligong Pika</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="054380191E4AFF71F890FEC218C223DF" box="[1891,1989,377,398]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Black Pika</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71F7D0FE0717692055" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71F7D0FE0717692055" blockId="13.[2083,2677,444,871]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71F7D0FE0717C6238C" bold="true" box="[2083,2241,444,477]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71F714FE07176E2055" ID-CoL="7W4B6" authority="Thomas, 1923" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1923" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forresti">Ochotona forresti Thomas, 1923</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71F789FE5C17872005" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71F789FE5C17872005" blockId="13.[2083,2677,444,871]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<materialsCitation id="3B28FA6A1E4AFF71F789FE5C17872005" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3803698328" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">“N.W. Flank. Li-kiang Range [27°N, 100°30°’E], 13000°,” Lijiang, Yunnan, China.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71F7D0FDE518382698" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71F7D0FDE518382698" blockId="13.[2083,2677,444,871]" lastBlockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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According to mtDNA, O. forrest: belongs to subgenus Conothoa and occupies the outer position to all species except
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71F62BFD121572209B" authorityName="Biichner" authorityYear="1890" box="[2520,2677,681,714]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrotis">O. erythrotis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71F796FD6B17E720A0" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1922" box="[2149,2272,720,753]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gloveri">O. gloveri</taxonomicName>
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. Due to its small size, similar to sympatric
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71F714FD47168E2148" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[2279,2441,764,793]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thibetana">O. thibetana</taxonomicName>
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, and great variation in pelage color and very different winter and summer pelage, O. forrest: has a rich history of taxonomic placement. It was synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71F699FCD616EE21DF" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[2410,2537,877,910]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">O. pusilla</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71F5F3FCD61AF421E4" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thibetana">O. thibetana</taxonomicName>
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, or O. roylui—three species from three subgenera. According to morphological study, O. forvesti includes duoxionglaensis, gaoligongensis, nigritia, and osgoodi. Two species, nignitia and gaoligongensis, were described on the basis of chromatic aberrations in O. forrest. No craniometrical differences were found between these races. Patchy distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71F960FB89180B2602" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1923" box="[1683,1804,1074,1107]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forresti">O. forresti</taxonomicName>
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together with morphological differences between western and eastern populations points to the need for additional investigation of intraspecific taxonomy. Distribution should be studied more carefully because it contains wide gaps. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FA33FB6B179227E7" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF3FA0BF1E4AFF71FA33FB6B179227E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619845" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6619845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6619845/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[1469,2060,448,862]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA33FB6B184826A0" blockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" box="[1472,1871,1232,1265]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FA33FB6B184826A0" bold="true" box="[1472,1871,1232,1265]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA30FB4C163A2736" blockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71FA30FB4C163A2736" authority=": Thomas, 1923" authorityName=": Thomas" authorityYear="1923" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="forrest" subSpecies="forrest">O.f.forrest:Thomas,1923—GaoligongMts,intheborderareasbetweenChina,mainlyYunnanandalittlepartofTibet(=Xizang)andMyanmarandinMtYulong(NWYunnan),SChina,butprobablyalsoinotherrangesbetweenthem.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA30FAC9179227E7" blockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71FA30FAC917EC27DE" authority="Chen Xiaocheng & Li Wenjing, 2009" authorityName="Chen Xiaocheng & Li Wenjing" authorityYear="2009" box="[1475,2283,1394,1423]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="forrest" subSpecies="duoxionglaensis">O. f. duoxionglaensis Chen Xiaocheng & Li Wenjing, 2009</taxonomicName>
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— Namcha Barwa Himal in the loop of Brahmaputra River, SE Xizang, S China.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FA4CFA07184C2A7D" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA4CFA07184C2A7D" blockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FA4CFA0719C2278C" bold="true" box="[1471,1733,1468,1501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 150-190 mm, ear 17-25 mm, hindfoot 24-33 mm; weight 85-148 g. Forrest’s Pika is medium-sized. Subspecies duoxionglaensis is larger than
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71F9FAF9B0196F247D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1923" box="[1545,1640,1547,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forresti">forresti</taxonomicName>
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. Pelage is very variable; melanistic and other color variant individuals are known. Dorsal fur is bright rufous. Ventral fur is light rufous, with gray flanks; chest is brown. Winter fur is longer and softer than during other seasons; dorsal pelage is brown with black hair tips; collar and head are gray; and belly is gray and sandy. Hairs above neck gland are brown. Ears are small and rounded, with narrow white margins. Skull is medium-sized, with wide interorbital constriction and confluent incisive and palatal foramens, which form a single pear-shaped opening. Auditory bullae are medium-sized. Condylobasal lengths are 34-38 mm, skull widths are 18-20 mm, and skull heights are 12-15 mm. Forrest’s Pika is difficult to identify because, despite a distinctive bright summer pelage, for more that nine months of the year,it bears winter pelage or molts. It differs from the Moupin Pika (
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71FA3EF8061971258F" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1485,1654,1981,2014]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thibetana">O. thibetana</taxonomicName>
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) by having single-colored ears (the Moupin Pika has gray near bases of ears and brown closer to edges), wider interorbital constriction, and a more prominent and wider skull.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FA4CF788183F2A2A" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA4CF788183F2A2A" blockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FA4CF78819292A05" bold="true" box="[1471,1582,2099,2132]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Rocky patches in forest and subalpine belts at elevations of 2500-4400 m. Forrest’s Pika is a rock dweller.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FA4DF73A17CF2AF3" box="[1470,2248,2177,2210]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA4DF73A17CF2AF3" blockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" box="[1470,2248,2177,2210]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FA4DF73A19C32AF3" bold="true" box="[1470,1732,2177,2210]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Forrest's Pikas feed on green plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FA4DF71215772A9B" box="[1470,2672,2217,2250]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA4DF71215772A9B" blockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" box="[1470,2672,2217,2250]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FA4DF71219422A9B" bold="true" box="[1470,1605,2217,2250]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Forrest's Pikas are born in July; subadults were recorded in August—October.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FA4EF76B16612AA0" box="[1469,2406,2256,2289]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA4EF76B16612AA0" blockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" box="[1469,2406,2256,2289]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FA4EF76B19AF2AA0" bold="true" box="[1469,1704,2256,2289]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FA4DF74C19712B36" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA4DF74C19712B36" blockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FA4DF74C178A2B49" bold="true" box="[1470,2189,2295,2328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but direct observations suggest that Forrest's Pika occurs at low densities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FA4CF6D516D02B8C" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA4CF6D516D02B8C" blockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FA4CF6D518262BDE" bold="true" box="[1471,1825,2414,2447]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Former subspecies gaoligongensis (“the Gaoligong Pika”) and nigritia (“the Black
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4AFF71F632F62E16F82BE7" box="[2497,2559,2453,2486]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
|
||
”)) were treated as full species and classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red Lust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FA4CF65616E72857" box="[1471,2528,2541,2566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FA4CF65616E72857" blockId="13.[1469,2677,877,2566]" box="[1471,2528,2541,2566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FA4CF656195F2857" bold="true" box="[1471,1624,2541,2566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Chen Xiaocheng & Li Wenjing (2009), Ge Deyan et al. (2012), Yu Ning et al. (2000).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |