226 lines
27 KiB
XML
226 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="1324A35D49FD1B9FA4B1030F5A53C020" ID-CLB-Dataset="66858" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6619785" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f64b039-c97e-4468-b122-fd7209b613d3" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6619785" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654545700444" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="03E941211E45FF7EFF85FE02162821C0" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Ochotonidae_0028.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Ochotona dauurica" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFD039591E47FF7CFFF3FFBB1F072251" masterDocTitle="Ochotonidae" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1699338949738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="8465C5304890E8F6E42FBA3D4E59908F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F2AA4C5E1E48AD9C2304E734682FBFD7">
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<mods:title id="5E76CD97B1C7804FFF99DCF70B10F8FD">Ochotonidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="95D855CCC73A77F40271C6BCACBFBFE1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D47F0C57403D095C27D939D38D26F6BF">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4ECD6D49FD50B5CC74C8E5A6B9A6823B">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="5228C81980D8EB569E19B4D529B87A77" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="71A23826B1257E8FEF3A6F35C9977A3E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E3652FC8ABBFA9B480FA779388E5F9A9">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7810A69CFE0F7546ABB1FE073749EAAA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="A2654FE83AA121730C7ACE626E15135B">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="DEFF82D0B3E3F65DAA7C6600309A5677" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="9A7C318B23DD980B915441EF3E64BA6E">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="E5CDC80E0FF75DDA46AB91BA78F62282">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7F1F5253FE23E444165C9C95DF23213E">
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<mods:title id="7953AD4E0E2961CD1CA96680A409134C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="AD59AEF5D8147CB9026AF193DB55733C">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="01B638E8082B8DC08C4CE49673108904" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6619785</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E941211E45FF7EFF85FE02162821C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6617935" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195764620" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6617935" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E941211E45FF7EFF85FE02162821C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E941211E45FF7EFF85FE02162821C0" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFF85FE021F9323B2" box="[118,148,441,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF85FE021F9323B2" blockId="2.[115,1034,441,561]" box="[118,148,441,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E45FF7EFF85FE021F9323B2" box="[118,148,441,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<figureCitation id="137BECB21E45FF7EFF85FE021F9323B2" box="[118,148,441,483]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[121,151,3372,3397]" captionTargetBox="[12,2775,13,3644]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 3. Tsing-ling Pika (Ochotona syrinx); 4. Gansu Pika (Ochotona cansus); 5. Nubra Pika (Ochotona nubrica); 6. Plateau Pika (Ochotona curzoniae); 7. Thomas's Pika (Ochotona thomasi); 8. Alpine Pika (Ochotona alpina); 9. Turuchan Pika (Ochotona turuchanensis): 10. Northern Pika (Ochotona hyperborea); 11. Manchurian Pika (Ochotona mantchurica); 12. Hoffmann's Pika (Ochotona hoffmanni); 13. Korean Pika (Ochotona coreana), 14. Pallas's Pika (Ochotona pallasii)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6619861/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">1.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFF56FE021EB323B2" box="[165,436,441,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF56FE021EB323B2" blockId="2.[115,1034,441,561]" box="[165,436,441,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E45FF7EFF56FE021EB323B2" box="[165,436,441,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<vernacularName id="054380191E45FF7EFF56FE021EB323B2" box="[165,436,441,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Daurian Pika</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFDF3FE021C5123B2" box="[512,854,441,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFDF3FE021C5123B2" blockId="2.[115,1034,441,561]" box="[512,854,441,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E45FF7EFDF3FE021C5123B2" box="[512,854,441,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFDF3FE021C5123B2" ID-CoL="7W4BL" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[512,854,441,483]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauurica">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFDF3FE021C5123B2" box="[512,854,441,483]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Ochotona dauurica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFF80FE4E1B0D2060" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF80FE4E1C93205B" blockId="2.[115,1034,441,561]" box="[115,916,501,522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E45FF7EFF80FE4E1C93205B" box="[115,916,501,522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFF80FE4E1FB8205B" bold="true" box="[115,191,501,522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E45FF7EFF3BFE4E1E64205B" box="[200,355,501,522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Pika de Daourie</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFE8AFE4E1ED4205B" bold="true" box="[377,467,501,522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E45FF7EFE2FFE4E1D8B205B" box="[476,652,501,522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Daurien-Pfeifhase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFD51FE4E1DFA205B" bold="true" box="[674,765,501,522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E45FF7EFCF4FE4E1C93205B" box="[775,916,501,522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Pica de Dauria</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF80FDA71B0D2060" blockId="2.[115,1034,441,561]" box="[115,1034,540,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E45FF7EFF80FDA71B0D2060" box="[115,1034,540,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFF80FDA71E6D2060" bold="true" box="[115,362,540,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E45FF7EFE87FDA71DAC2060" box="[372,683,540,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Eastern Daurian Pika (dauurica)</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="054380191E45FF7EFD4AFDA71B0D2060" box="[697,1034,540,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Uvs Nuur Daurian Pika (/atibullata)</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFD2BFDDA1A22202F" box="[728,1317,609,638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFD2BFDDA1A22202F" blockId="2.[727,1322,609,1033]" box="[728,1317,609,638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFD2BFDDA1C74202F" bold="true" box="[728,883,609,638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFC74FDDA1A27202F" authority="Pallas, 1776" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1776" box="[903,1312,609,638]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauuricus">Lepus dauuricus Pallas, 1776</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFD2BFD3E1C7B20A4" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFD2BFD3E1C7B20A4" blockId="2.[727,1322,609,1033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<materialsCitation id="3B28FA6A1E45FF7EFD2BFD3E1C7B20A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3803698304" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">“per totam Dauuriam” (= the whole Dauria), southern part of Zabaikalskiy Territory, Russia.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFD24FD401CC0274C" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFD24FD401A232658" blockId="2.[727,1322,609,1033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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According to mtDNA and nDNA,
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFB35FD401C1C2115" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1776" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauurica">O. dauurica</taxonomicName>
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belongs to subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFB80FC981BED2115" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1795" box="[1139,1258,803,836]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ochotona</taxonomicName>
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, together with other burrowing species of pikas from Inner Asia. Some authors historically included
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFC13FC221B8521EB" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[992,1154,921,954]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curzoniae">O. curzoniae</taxonomicName>
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in this species. Morphological and karyological studies suggested these species were separate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFD4CFC221DC421EB" box="[703,707,921,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">|</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF87FBB41CC0274C" blockId="2.[116,1320,1039,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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Molecular genetic studies showed that they are related but not sister species. According to morphological study,
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFDF1FB841D9B2609" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[514,668,1087,1112]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauurica">O. dauurica</taxonomicName>
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includes altaina, annectens, bedfordi, huangensis, latibullata, minor, mursaevi, and ogotona. The name huangensis was erroneously assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFF6FFB3D1E1726F6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" box="[156,272,1158,1191]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syrinx">O. syrinx</taxonomicName>
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in a number of papers and checklists. Comprehensive taxonomic revision of
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFF6DFB161E3C269F" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[158,315,1197,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dauurica">O. dauurica</taxonomicName>
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has not been done yet; only morphological variation in the northern part ofits distribution has been studied. Provisional subspecies are recognized here, but they need further revision. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFF87FA9F1E082463" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF3FA0BF1E45FF7EFF87FA9F1E082463" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619793" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6619793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6619793/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[114,704,614,1027]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF87FA9F1D032714" box="[116,516,1316,1349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFF87FA9F1D032714" bold="true" box="[116,516,1316,1349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF8BFAF01A1727C2" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFF8BFAF01A1727C2" authority="Pallas, 1776" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1776" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="davurica" subSpecies="dauurica">O.d.dauuricaPallas,1776—SEAltaiMtsandSTransbaikalia(Russia),Mongolia(exceptforUvsNuurDepression),andNChina(InnerMongolia=NeiMongolandNHebei).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF8BFA191E5A27B2" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFF8BFA191E5A27B2" authority="Matschie, 1908" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="davurica" subSpecies="huangensis">O.d.huangensisMatschie,1908—CChinaMtsfromNEQinghaitoShanxiandextremeWHenan.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF8BFA571E082463" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFF8BFA571D6E2458" authority="Sokolov et al., 1994" authorityName="Sokolov et al." authorityYear="1994" box="[120,617,1516,1545]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="davurica" subSpecies="latibullata">O. d. latibullata Sokolov et al., 1994</taxonomicName>
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— Tuva (Russia) and Uvs Nuur Depression (NW Mongolia).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFF86F98C1CE02A08" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF86F98C1CE02A08" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFF86F98C1E732409" bold="true" box="[117,372,1591,1624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 140-220 mm, ear 16-27 mm, hindfoot 24-35 mm; weight 103-190 g. The Daurian
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFDB8F9E41D8224D1" box="[587,645,1631,1664]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
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is medium-sized. Dorsal fur is brown to sandy brown or straw gray, with lighter flanks. Ventral fur is white, with sandy brown or sandy tint on throat and chest. Winter fur is longer and lighter than during other seasons— sandy gray or sandy. Ears are rounded, with clear white margins. Claws are long, and pads of toes are hidden in dense fur. Skull is medium-sized, with widely confluent incisive and palatal foramens. Bone arch, separating orbit from big triangular lateral maxillary opening, is very thin. Auditory bullae are large and connivent. Condylobasal lengths are 36-44 mm, skull widths are 19-23 mm, and skull heights are 14-16 mm. The Daurian
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFEC2F8211E6B25EA" box="[305,364,1946,1979]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
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has similar skull characteristics to other representatives of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFF40F87A1E2C25B3" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1795" box="[179,299,1985,2018]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ochotona</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is larger than the Gansu
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFD15F87A1C2725B3" box="[742,800,1985,2018]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFCCBF87A1CBA25B3" authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1907" box="[824,957,1985,2018]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cansus">O. cansus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Moupin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFB75F87A1BC625B3" box="[1158,1217,1985,2018]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFB24F87A1FD72A5B" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thibetana">O. thibetana</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Tsing-ling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFE5CF8521EED2A5B" box="[431,490,2025,2058]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFE0CF8521D7C2A5B" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" box="[511,635,2025,2058]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syrinx">O. syrinx</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Thomas’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFCD3F8521C5D2A5B" box="[800,858,2025,2058]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
|
||
(O. thomas), and the Nubra
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFB1CF8521A2E2A5B" box="[1263,1321,2025,2058]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFF70F7A31E112A60" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1922" box="[131,278,2072,2097]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nubrica">O. nubrica</taxonomicName>
|
||
); its skull heightis larger than that of the Tsing-ling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFBF7F7A31B462A60" box="[1028,1089,2072,2097]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the skull is notably less arched than that of the Plateau
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFD13F7871C1C2A08" box="[736,795,2108,2137]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E45FF7EFCC2F7871CDC2A08" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[817,987,2108,2137]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curzoniae">O. curzoniae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFF85F7E41A052BC5" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF85F7E41A052BC5" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFF85F7E41FE32AD1" bold="true" box="[118,228,2143,2176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Different types of dry mountain steppe at elevations of 1200-3300 m. Subspecies latibullata inhabits the lowest elevations at ¢.800-2000 m. The Daurian Pika is a true burrowing species and does not associated with shrublands in most ofits distribution. In the north-western part of its distribution, it prefers steppe with well-developed grass cover. On the Loess Plateau of China and adjacent regions, the Daurian Pika digs numerous burrows in dry loess with scarce vegetation. It tolerates anthropogenic impacts, living at dumps, under “wattle and daub” fences and huts (made ofsticks and clay), and along roads; however,it is negatively affected by overgrazing by livestock.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFF85F6211C1A28F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF85F6211C1A28F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFF85F6211E7E2BEA" bold="true" box="[118,377,2458,2491]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Daurian Pika eats green plants during warm seasons and stores hay in piles; hay hoarding starts in the last part of summer, with exact dates greatly dependent on weather and local ecological conditions. Hay piles are 0.1-2.7 kg, with some piles reaching 6 kg. Hay piles consist of locally dominant plants, but Daurian Pikas can be selective. Some piles consist of 1-2 plant species, and others have 9 species or more. A hay pile is usually situated under the base of a bush. Hoarding activities of Daurian Pikas can alter vegetation communities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFF84F5161A2F293D" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF84F5161A2F293D" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFF84F5161FFA289F" bold="true" box="[119,253,2733,2766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Daurian Pika is polygynous. Breeding starts in March-April and lasts ¢.3 months. Adult females have 2-3 litters/year, with a maximum of 5 litters/year. Young females become fertile c.1 month after birth, males c.2 weekslater. First breeding can occur at c¢.2 months. Gestation is ¢.21 days; neonates are born bare. Litter sizes are 1-12 young. Young Daurian Pikas first appear outside their burrows at c.2 weeks of age.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFF85F4C91C652E08" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF85F4C91C652E08" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFF85F4C91E5829C2" bold="true" box="[118,351,2930,2963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Activities of Daurian Pikas change seasonally and depend on weather. During warm weather, they are diurnal and avoid mid-day heat and windy periods. In cold weather, they are active throughout the day, with peaks during sunny hours. The Daurian Pika is moderately secretive. It can be seen on the surface outside its burrow, especially in early morning, but lengthy, calm sunbathing is not characteristic. When alerted, Daurian Pikas swiftly escape to their burrows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFF8BF3D9151820A2" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFF8BF3D9151820A2" lastBlockId="2.[1388,2597,287,916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFF8BF3D91C452E2E" bold="true" box="[120,834,3170,3199]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Daurian Pikas move among grass and rocks or other landscape roughness and avoid open areas. Home range has a core area and peripheral area. An “owner” defends a core area, and interactions in peripheral areas tend to be peaceful. Home ranges of males and females overlap. There are seasonal changes of home range size; male home ranges are bigger in summer, while females are bigger in autumn. Home ranges are 480-900 m* in Tuva and 1200-17,000 m? in Transbaikalia and Inner Mongolia. After dispersal, young Daurian Pikas have small home ranges. Dispersal starts at 45-60 days of age. Densities reach 1000-17,200 ind/km?; winter densities are lower at ¢.1400 ind/km?. Areas occupied by Daurian Pikas have altered vegetation, system oftrails, and piles of pellets near burrow entrances. Daurian Pikas have complicated vocalizations, including alarm calls,trills, and songs, that have different functions, including social. They dig complex burrows covering 50-190 m?, with 4-80 entrances. Burrows can be as deep as 15-60 cm and 90 m long, with one breeding chamber and several chambers that serve as latrines and for hay storage. Short temporary burrows can be used as shelter or as hay storage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFA9DFD41168F214A" box="[1390,2440,762,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFA9DFD41168F214A" blockId="2.[1388,2597,287,916]" box="[1390,2440,762,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFA9DFD4119CC214A" bold="true" box="[1390,1739,762,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E45FF7EFA9CFC92162821C0" pageId="2" pageNumber="30" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E45FF7EFA9CFC92162821C0" blockId="2.[1388,2597,287,916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E45FF7EFA9CFC9219002113" bold="true" box="[1391,1543,809,834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="30">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bobal (2001), Borisova, Rudneva & Starkov (2008), Borisova, Starkov et al. (2001), Komonen et al. (2003), Lissovsky (2014), Melo-Ferreira et al. (2015), Proskurina (1991), Sokolov et al. (1994), Travina et al. (2000), Wang Mengjun et al. (2000), Yu Ning et al. (2000), Zhang Daochuan etal. (2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |