207 lines
23 KiB
XML
207 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="FA3E0867140A7631A62028C0DFA02C86" ID-CLB-Dataset="66858" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6619785" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f64b039-c97e-4468-b122-fd7209b613d3" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6619785" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654545700444" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="03E941211E41FF7BFA87FBC81BB3230F" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Ochotonidae_0028.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Ochotona mantchurica" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFD039591E47FF7CFFF3FFBB1F072251" masterDocTitle="Ochotonidae" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1699338949738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="81E31492AA90041B50AB86BE38225EFC">
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<mods:title id="E71B607EDC22E67EAA42C0D05F636B0E">Ochotonidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="80B2D70D4F2372F5BC2FE8C989A28638">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E916706D07E7FBB564C776C13356CF55">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A35B4BCF2B3FBC17281916D2E260DAD3">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="218361AA93A25EC8217A124965CE4D45">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="4C9A9722628B36C6394CCA44DD5F18FC">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="BC3C4D5603C5B1FB7569D8E55F8C6831">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="75497C4B8DE54EABD53893DB8869DE35">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E941211E41FF7BFA87FBC81BB3230F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619994" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195764629" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6619994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E941211E41FF7BFA87FBC81BB3230F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E941211E41FF7BFA87FBC81BB3230F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA87FBC81AAC26CC" box="[1396,1451,1139,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA87FBC81AAC26CC" blockId="6.[1391,2370,1139,1260]" box="[1396,1451,1139,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E41FF7AFA87FBC81AAC26CC" box="[1396,1451,1139,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<figureCitation id="137BECB21E41FF7AFA87FBC81AAC26CC" box="[1396,1451,1139,1181]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[121,151,3372,3397]" captionTargetBox="[12,2775,13,3644]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 3. Tsing-ling Pika (Ochotona syrinx); 4. Gansu Pika (Ochotona cansus); 5. Nubra Pika (Ochotona nubrica); 6. Plateau Pika (Ochotona curzoniae); 7. Thomas's Pika (Ochotona thomasi); 8. Alpine Pika (Ochotona alpina); 9. Turuchan Pika (Ochotona turuchanensis): 10. Northern Pika (Ochotona hyperborea); 11. Manchurian Pika (Ochotona mantchurica); 12. Hoffmann's Pika (Ochotona hoffmanni); 13. Korean Pika (Ochotona coreana), 14. Pallas's Pika (Ochotona pallasii)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6619861/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">11.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA4FFBC8182326CC" box="[1468,1828,1139,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA4FFBC8182326CC" blockId="6.[1391,2370,1139,1260]" box="[1468,1828,1139,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E41FF7AFA4FFBC8182326CC" box="[1468,1828,1139,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<vernacularName id="054380191E41FF7AFA4FFBC8182326CC" box="[1468,1828,1139,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Manchurian Pika</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AF89EFBC8160126CC" box="[1901,2310,1139,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AF89EFBC8160126CC" blockId="6.[1391,2370,1139,1260]" box="[1901,2310,1139,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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||
<heading id="D0B7475B1E41FF7AF89EFBC8160126CC" box="[1901,2310,1139,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF89EFBC8160126CC" ID-CoL="7W4BZ" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1901,2310,1139,1181]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mantchurica">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AF89EFBC8160126CC" box="[1901,2310,1139,1181]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Ochotona mantchurica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA82FB1418C626BD" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA82FB1416462695" blockId="6.[1391,2370,1139,1260]" box="[1393,2369,1199,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E41FF7AFA82FB1416462695" box="[1393,2369,1199,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA82FB141ABB2695" bold="true" box="[1393,1468,1199,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E41FF7AFA35FB1419902695" box="[1478,1687,1199,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Pika de Mandchourie</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AF958FB1418012695" bold="true" box="[1707,1798,1199,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E41FF7AF8E3FB1417162695" box="[1808,2065,1199,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Manschurischer Pfeifhase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AF7D5FB1417862695" bold="true" box="[2086,2177,1199,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E41FF7AF778FB1416462695" box="[2187,2369,1199,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Pica de Manchuria</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA83FB6C18C626BD" blockId="6.[1391,2370,1139,1260]" box="[1392,1985,1239,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E41FF7AFA83FB6C18C626BD" box="[1392,1985,1239,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA83FB6C196026BD" bold="true" box="[1392,1639,1239,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E41FF7AF982FB6C18C626BD" box="[1649,1985,1239,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Skorodumov's Pika (scorodumovi)</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AF827FAA616612730" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AF827FAA616612730" blockId="6.[2004,2598,1309,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AF827FAA61770276B" bold="true" box="[2004,2167,1309,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF767FAA616662730" ID-CoL="7W4BZ" authority="Thomas, 1909" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hyperborea" subGenus="Pika" subSpecies="mantchurica">Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea mantchurica Thomas, 1909</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AF685FAFB162D27AE" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AF685FAFB162D27AE" blockId="6.[2004,2598,1309,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<materialsCitation id="3B28FA6A1E41FF7AF685FAFB162027AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3803698308" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">“Khingan... at the point where the Siberian Railway cuts the range,” Bokhedu, Yakeshi City District, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia (=Nei Mongol), China</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AF827F9B519882A51" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AF827F9B519882A51" blockId="6.[2004,2598,1309,1732]" lastBlockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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According to mtDNA and nDNA,
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF82BF99617BC241F" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[2008,2235,1581,1614]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mantchurica">O. mantchurica</taxonomicName>
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belongs to subgenus Pika. Three populations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF688F9EF170F24CD" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mantchurica">O. mantchurica</taxonomicName>
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were considered as parts of different species by different authors. Pikas from Shilka and Argun rivers interfluves were known as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF66EF970151A24BD" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[2461,2589,1739,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpina">O. alpina</taxonomicName>
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; pikas from Greater Khingan Range were always listed as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF65DF9491ABF256B" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">O. hyperborea</taxonomicName>
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; and pikas from Lesser Khingan Range were considered to be
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF682F8A21522256B" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[2417,2597,1817,1850]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">O. hyperborea</taxonomicName>
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by Russian authors and
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF92AF8FA185D2533" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1753,1882,1857,1890]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpina">O. alpina</taxonomicName>
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by Chinese authors. All three populations were found to be the same species on the basis of morphological and partly genetic and bioacoustic features.
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF904F82B172C25E0" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[1783,2091,1936,1969]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mantchurica">Ochotona mantchurica</taxonomicName>
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is closely related species to
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF624F82B1AD82589" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">O. hyperborea</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF9C7F80C19E82589" authorityName="Formozov, Yakhontov & Dmitriev" authorityYear="1996" box="[1588,1775,1975,2008]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoffmanni">O. hoffmanni</taxonomicName>
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; these three species represent allospecies. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA81F7BD16C62ABD" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF3FA0BF1E41FF7AFA81F7BD16C62ABD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6619817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6619817/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[1390,1981,1311,1725]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA81F7BD181B2A76" blockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" box="[1394,1820,2054,2087]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA81F7BD181B2A76" bold="true" box="[1394,1820,2054,2087]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA86F79616502A24" blockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFA86F79616502A24" authority="Thomas, 1909" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="mantchurica" subSpecies="mantchurica">O.m.mantchuricaThomas,1909—GreaterKhinganRangeandNpartofLesserKhinganRangeinNEInnerMongoliaandNHeilongjiang,China.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA86F73F19A82A94" blockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFA86F73F19A82A94" authority="Skalon, 1934" authorityName="Skalon" authorityYear="1935" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="mantchurica" subSpecies="scorodumovi">O.m.scorodumoviSkalon,1934—ShilkaandArgunriversinterfluvesintheSETransbaikalia,Russia.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA86F77016C62ABD" blockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" box="[1397,2497,2251,2284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFA86F770184A2ABD" authority="Lissovsky, 2015" authorityName="Lissovsky" authorityYear="2015" box="[1397,1869,2251,2284]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="mantchurica" subSpecies="loukashkini">O. m. loukashkini Lissovsky, 2015</taxonomicName>
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— S part of Lesser Khingan Range, China.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA81F74D18CE2827" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA81F74D18CE2827" blockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA81F74D197D2B42" bold="true" box="[1394,1658,2294,2323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 140-220 mm, ear 17-26 mm, hindfoot 22-32 mm; weight 110-260 g. The Manchurian
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF863F6A118C92B6A" box="[1936,1998,2330,2363]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
|
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is medium-sized. Dorsal fur is ocherous brown or reddish brown with dark dorsal stripe; general color of some populations is mixed with black hair tips. Ventral fur is ocherous. Winter fur is grayish brown; ventral fur is sandy or light ocherous. Hairs above neck gland are brown. Ears are rounded, with white margins. Skull is medium-sized and stout with incisive and palatal foramens separated. Auditory bullae are medium-sized. Condylobasal lengths are 37-46 mm; skull widths are 19-23 mm, and skull heights are 13-16 mm. The Manchurian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF8C4F5961872281F" box="[1847,1909,2605,2638]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
|
||
has greater mandible height compared with the Northern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF9B6F5E219842827" box="[1605,1667,2649,2678]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pika">Pika</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AF969F5E218BA2827" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[1690,1981,2649,2678]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyperborea">Ochotona hyperborea</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA81F5C717672942" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA81F5C717672942" blockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA81F5C71AEF28CC" bold="true" box="[1394,1512,2684,2717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Large vegetation-free and small overgrown talus slopes at elevations of 400-1300 m. Surrounding environment varies from dry steppe and broad-leaved forest to taiga and mountain tundra. The Manchurian Pika is a typical rock dweller that lives in hollows and crevices among stones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA81F4A115262933" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA81F4A115262933" blockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA81F4A11983296A" bold="true" box="[1394,1668,2842,2875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Manchurian Pika feeds on green plants and stores hay in piles, beginning in July. Hay piles are usually situated under stones or fallen trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA81F4D618872989" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA81F4D618872989" blockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA81F4D6190729DB" bold="true" box="[1394,1536,2925,2954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding of the Manchurian Pika started in May, pregnant females were found in June-July, and there was no evidence that females bred twice a year. Each female has 2-6 embryos.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA82F46518DB2E27" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA82F46518DB2E27" blockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA82F465197629AE" bold="true" box="[1393,1649,3038,3071]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Manchurian Pika is diurnal and avoids midday heat and windy periods. Surface activity and call frequencies of Manchurian Pikas are lower than those of Northern Pikas. In winter, the Manchurian Pika rarely emerges aboveground and moves in snow tunnels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA80F3C716C52F6B" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA80F3C716C52F6B" blockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA80F3C717642ECC" bold="true" box="[1395,2147,3196,3229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Manchurian Pika moves aboveground by running and leaping openly. Densities of the Manchurian Pika are comparable with the Northern Pika. Areas occupied by Manchurian Pikas have well-marked trails, latrines, and old hay piles. Manchurian Pikas use the same type of call for alarm and roll calls. Nests of Manchurian Pikas are under stones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E41FF7AFA87F2FE19F32FDB" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E41FF7AFA87F2FE19F32FDB" blockId="6.[1393,2601,1739,3466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E41FF7AFA87F2FE19EA2F33" bold="true" box="[1396,1773,3397,3426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E41FF7AFA84F2D619E12FDB" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[1399,1766,3437,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hyperborea" subSpecies="mantchurica">O. hyperborea mantchurica</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E40FF7BFF38FEA51BB3230F" pageId="7" pageNumber="35" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E40FF7BFF38FEA51BB3230F" blockId="7.[202,1407,286,353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E40FF7BFF38FEA51E6D2366" bold="true" box="[203,362,286,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="35">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Lissovsky (2005, 2015), Lissovsky, Ivanova & Borisenko (2007), Lissovsky, Yang Qisen & Pil’'nikov (2008), Loukashkin (1940), Melo-Ferreira et al. (2015), Ognev (1940), Skalon (1934).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |