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<document id="B7E0F80B28010DA4F9FD2551E64DFB93" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189654" ID-GBIF-Dataset="320aec2f-ea3b-427e-a2a7-bdd4969cb030" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189654" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461103618203" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chiba, Hideyuki, Hsu, Yu-Feng, Tsukiyama, Hiroshi, Lo, Philip Yik-Fui, Chen, Chien-Ren &amp; Wang, Shou-Ming" docDate="2009" docId="03CC500DF3033420FF2CF02A3F7AB8EE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02202p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2202" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parnara kiraizana Sonan 1938" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FFF52875F3043428FFBBF5023E1BB836" masterDocTitle="Jinhaku Sonans skipper type collection deposited at Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="48" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698592197444" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D587201D3441FFC85440DB08ADF7D781">Jinhaku Sonans skipper type collection deposited at Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BCA10378DE885B95E065EA324DB4049B">Chiba, Hideyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BB31E650C11994E61C490102068E3BBA">Hsu, Yu-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39E306AFED88C7BA71E3FBE24D06827B">Tsukiyama, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A9387B8E103785C28C913344B5DB672">Lo, Philip Yik-Fui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B605C16F65D3EF1C4C1C78D398CCC13">Wang, Shou-Ming</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03CC500DF3033420FF2CF02A3F7AB8EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225218" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119622490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225218" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC500DF3033420FF2CF02A3F7AB8EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC500DF3033420FF2CF02A3F7AB8EE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">
<subSubSection id="C37FB290F303342FFF2CF02A3F4CBD53" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDAE11BF303342FFF2CF02A3C08BD74" blockId="7.[151,531,1320,1381]" box="[151,531,1320,1346]" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D0925677F303342FFF2CF02A3C08BD74" bold="true" box="[151,531,1320,1346]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFF2CF02A3C08BD74" ID-CoL="9BWLG" authority="Sonan, 1938" authorityName="Sonan" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,531,1320,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiraizana">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFF2CF02A3C08BD74" bold="true" box="[151,531,1320,1346]" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFF2CF02A3F6EBD74" bold="true" box="[151,373,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Parnara kiraizana</emphasis>
Sonan, 1938
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAE11BF303342FFF2CF0493F4CBD53" blockId="7.[151,531,1320,1381]" box="[151,343,1355,1381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Zephyrus 7:255.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37FB290F3033420FF2CF09A3F7AB8EE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDAE11BF303342FFF2CF09A3B87BD99" blockId="7.[151,1436,1432,1455]" box="[151,1436,1432,1455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">
Labels: “
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFF4EF09A3F53BD99" box="[245,328,1432,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parnara</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFEECF09A3C19BD99" authority="Sonan" authorityName="Sonan" box="[343,514,1432,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiraizana">kiraizana Sonan</taxonomicName>
/ DET. J. SONAN,” “ Kirai/
<date id="FFDBC7DBF303342FFC88F09A3DA7BD99" box="[819,956,1432,1455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" value="1934-08-10">10 VIII 1934</date>
/ M. Yamanaka,” “ No. 65,” “
<typeStatus id="54DE5FB9F303342FFB44F09A3B2FBD99" box="[1279,1332,1432,1455]" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Type</typeStatus>
[in red].”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAE11BF3033420FF2CF0DD3F7AB8EE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1503,2032]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,152,216]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">
A male was designated as the [holo]
<typeStatus id="54DE5FB9F303342FFDF4F0DD3C9DBDCF" box="[591,646,1503,1529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
when
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49CEAF303342FFD62F0DD3D96BDCF" author="Sonan" box="[729,909,1503,1529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Sonan, J. (1938 b) Notes on some butterflies from Formosa (5). Zephyrus, 7, 250 - 275, 1 pl. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1938" yearSuffix="b">Sonan (1938b)</bibRefCitation>
described this taxon, and the
<typeStatus id="54DE5FB9F303342FFB40F0DD3B7EBDCF" box="[1275,1381,1503,1529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was retrieved from TARI (
<figureCitation id="135EFD9EF303342FFE22F3043C06BE16" box="[409,541,1542,1568]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 39" captionStartId="4.[151,270,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[192,1389,202,1833]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1401,197,1835]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 19 39. Types of skipper taxa described by Jinhaku Sonan: 19 21, paratype of Augiades bouddha niitakana, upperside, underside, labels; 22 24, holotype of Parnara kotoshona, upperside, underside, labels; 25 27, holotype of Parnara ranrunna, upperside, underside, labels; 28 30, holotype of Pamara kiraizana, upperside, underside, labels; 31 33, holotype of Gangara thyrsis hainana, upperside, underside, labels; 34 36, holotype of Telicota palmarum hainanum, upperside, upperside, labels; 37 39, holotype of Tagiades menaka hainana, upperside, underside, labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189656/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Fig. 2830</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49CEAF303342FFD8AF3043CD5BE16" author="Evans" box="[561,718,1542,1568]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Evans, W. H. (1949) A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). The British Museum (Natural History), London, xix + 502 pp." type="book" year="1949">Evans (1949)</bibRefCitation>
treated this taxon as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFBC4F3043B68BE16" authority="Moore, 1877" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1877" box="[1151,1395,1542,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Polytremis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mencia">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFBC4F3043ACFBE29" box="[1151,1236,1542,1567]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">mencia</emphasis>
Moore, 1877
</taxonomicName>
[as
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFF2CF32F3FEBBE70" box="[151,496,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Polytremis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mencia" subSpecies="kiraizana">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFF2CF32F3FEBBE70" box="[151,496,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Polytremis mencia kiraizana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49CEAF303342FFDB1F32E3CDBBE70" author="Shirozu" box="[522,704,1580,1606]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Shirozu, T. (1960) Butterflies of Formosa in Colour. Hoikusha, Osaka, 481 pp. [In Japanese]" type="book" year="1960">Shirôzu (1960)</bibRefCitation>
viewed it as a distinct species but transferred it to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFF2CF3513F17BE5A" box="[151,268,1619,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pelopidas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFF2CF3513F17BE5A" box="[151,268,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Pelopidas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without giving a rationale. He probably judged by the general appearance of
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFB20F3513B12BE5A" box="[1179,1289,1619,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiraizana">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFB20F3513B12BE5A" box="[1179,1289,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">kiraizana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, notably the male stigma on the upperside of the forewing. Shirôzus treatment was followed by a few subsequent authors (e. g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49CEAF303342FFF66F3A33FBFBE8D" author="Yamanaka" box="[221,420,1697,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Yamanaka, M. (1980) Distribution of Formosan butterflies. Tyo to Ga 30, suppl. 1, 1 - 143. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1980">Yamanaka 1980</bibRefCitation>
). However, this transfer was inappropriate, as the mesotibia of
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFB19F3A33B08BE8C" box="[1186,1299,1697,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiraizana">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFB19F3A33B08BE8C" box="[1186,1299,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">kiraizana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess no spines, a diagnostic character for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFD18F3C53D38BED6" box="[675,803,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Polytremis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFD18F3C53D38BED6" box="[675,803,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Polytremis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas the mesotibia of
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFBDEF3C53AC7BED6" box="[1125,1244,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pelopidas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFBDEF3C53AC7BED6" box="[1125,1244,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Pelopidas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species possess prominent spines (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49CEAF303342FFEC7F3EC3C08BF3E" author="Evans" box="[380,531,1774,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Evans, W. H. (1949) A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). The British Museum (Natural History), London, xix + 502 pp." type="book" year="1949">Evans 1949</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49CEAF303342FFD9AF3EC3DB3BF3E" author="Kawazoe" box="[545,936,1774,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Kawazoe, A. &amp; Wakabayashi, M. (1976) Coloured Illustrations of the Butterflies of Japan. Hoikusha, Osaka, VII + 422 pp." type="book" year="1976">Kawazoé &amp; Wakabayashi 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49CEAF303342FFC0DF3EC3AD5BF3E" author="Tsukiyama" box="[950,1230,1774,1800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Tsukiyama, H., Chiba, H. &amp; Fujioka, T. (1997) Hesperiidae. In: Fujioka, T. (Ed.), Japanese Butterflies and Their Relatives in the World, Vol. I. Shuppan Geijyutsu Sha, Tokyo, pp. 29 - 138. [In Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1997">
Tsukiyama
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFBFEF3EC3A9FBF31" box="[1093,1156,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
1997
</bibRefCitation>
). This point was recognized by a few authors, who considered
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFD48F2173D75BF18" box="[755,878,1813,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiraizana">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFD48F2173D75BF18" box="[755,878,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">kiraizana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a species endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F372A18BF303342FFB2AF2163AF4BF18" box="[1169,1263,1812,1838]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and used the combination of
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFEEFF2393C57BF62" box="[340,588,1851,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Polytremis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiraizana">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFEEFF2393C57BF62" box="[340,588,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Polytremis kiraizana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the taxon (e. g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49CEAF303342FFC87F2393DFCBF63" author="Hamano" box="[828,999,1851,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Hamano, E. (1986) Ecological Encyclopedia of Taiwanese Butterflies. Kodansha, Tokyo, 474 pp. [In Japanese]" type="book" year="1986">Hamano 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49CEAF303342FFC4FF2393AA8BF63" author="Sugiyama" box="[1012,1203,1851,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Sugiyama, H. (1999) New butterflies from western China (VI). Pallarge 7: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1999">Sugiyama 1999</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, this combination is never explicitly proposed, and no comparison between
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFC66F2603A29BF4D" box="[989,1074,1890,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Polytremis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mencia">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFC66F2603A29BF4D" box="[989,1074,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">mencia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFBD6F2603AC7BF4D" box="[1133,1244,1890,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Polytremis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiraizana">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFBD6F2603AC7BF4D" box="[1133,1244,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">kiraizana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was performed. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFE2CF28B3C1DBF94" box="[407,518,1929,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Polytremis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiraizana">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFE2CF28B3C1DBF94" box="[407,518,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">kiraizana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135EFD9EF303342FFDAEF28B3C8CBF95" box="[533,663,1929,1955]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 42" captionStartId="6.[151,271,1374,1398]" captionTargetBox="[211,1372,399,1339]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[209,1378,390,1349]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 40 42. Male genitalia of Polytremis kiraizana (based on a specimen collected from “ Formosa [= Taiwan], Sept 1974 ”): 40, dorsal view of tegumen, 41, lateral view of 9 th + 10 th sclerites with left valva attached, 42, dorsal view of phallus. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189657/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Fig. 4042</figureCitation>
) and those of
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFC87F28B3D8BBF94" box="[828,912,1929,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Polytremis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mencia">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFC87F28B3D8BBF94" box="[828,912,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">mencia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135EFD9EF303342FFC1BF28B3A39BF95" box="[928,1058,1929,1955]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 45" captionStartId="7.[151,271,1142,1166]" captionTargetBox="[196,1389,185,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1395,183,1125]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 43 45. Male genitalia of Polytremis mencia (based on a specimen collected from “ Tianmushan, Zheziang [= Zhejiang Province], [China], May June 1982 ”): 43, dorsal view of tegumen, 44, lateral view of 9 th + 10 th sclerites with left valva attached, 45, dorsal view of phallus. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189658/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Fig. 4345</figureCitation>
) are considerably different, thus we support that the combination of
<taxonomicName id="4C659A98F303342FFD86F2AD3D28BFFE" box="[573,819,1967,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Polytremis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiraizana">
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFD86F2AD3D28BFFE" box="[573,819,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">Polytremis kiraizana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be applied to this taxon (
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFB03F2AD3B91BFFF" bold="true" box="[1208,1418,1967,1993]" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">confirmed status</emphasis>
). Although both
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFEF1F2D43FD3BFD9" box="[330,456,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">P. s u p re m a</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49CEAF303342FFE6FF2D43C8FBFC6" author="Sugiyama" box="[468,660,2006,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Sugiyama, H. (1999) New butterflies from western China (VI). Pallarge 7: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1999">Sugiyama, 1999</bibRefCitation>
from Guangxi and
<emphasis id="B9113D09F303342FFCC6F2D43DF6BFD9" box="[893,1005,2006,2031]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="55">P. m a t s u i i</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF49CEAF303342FFC42F2D43AA2BFC6" author="Sugiyama" box="[1017,1209,2006,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Sugiyama, H. (1999) New butterflies from western China (VI). Pallarge 7: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1999">Sugiyama, 1999</bibRefCitation>
from Sichuan may be good candidates for continental relatives,
<emphasis id="B9113D09F30C3420FD1EF59A3D36B887" box="[677,813,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="56">P. k i r a i z a n a</emphasis>
is regarded as an endemic Taiwanese species for the present (
<figureCitation id="135EFD9EF30C3420FF47F5BC3F48B8EE" box="[252,339,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 46. A" captionStartId="8.[151,257,1152,1176]" captionTargetBox="[177,1406,283,1121]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[169,1417,274,1127]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 46. A map showing the distribution of Polytremis kiraizana Sonan and taxa closely related to the species: Circle denotes P. kiraizana, triangle P. suprema and square P. m a t s u i i." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189659/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="56">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>