180 lines
20 KiB
XML
180 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="19051B71945E764F3282E2031C352FD6" ID-CLB-Dataset="67690" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6623649" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5be7e52f-9b9c-4c03-99ed-f346bbcde1d0" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6623649" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654607780702" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="03C5A071FFE1FFD5FAD0590F5265F573" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Echimyidae_0552.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Trinomys gratiosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="564" masterDocId="FFFCD809FFEDFFD9FFBC58095A61FF94" masterDocTitle="Echimyidae" masterLastPageNumber="604" masterPageNumber="552" pageNumber="564" updateTime="1699339014676" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="ABF9398687454361EF54F72E9396D0C9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="91E569471E09D8AEC9733E7261E11FCE">
|
||
<mods:title id="5E6335D93F572A30A7CD898E308FCC35">Echimyidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="A9643B7E1F686B89C41F8B0999CF9AEA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4745F7522E301CFA6A5FBD980A16DAC9">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1008BCAA52BAFE490748E436660D1DF0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1C3FC17C132C697C12AB8FD77760AE90">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="EC57445720E32A999465FD003F0CBD11" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0563C7D36093A4CE3D1DE8B5B028748F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2C84408EEE6EF8B24E27B17B0260F9FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9095DC0CCEA3EA86D63D3662BF88D95F">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="DFC0B820F2D77AA01AD96B5AEC018C29" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7D0E7BABFD567D62606887482DE09267">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C83042CFB319037EA5A80590A30D105C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B002B9F75DF50E5350E2721B2ABF00DC">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="96889443787ADFA43FCE1C044319D451">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="E370C33BDD662F08255A58743FCCC367" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="804BF6DB5CA5B2C3A2A0F45C8AF733A6">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="E012F65B0849B4E912C5D10BD5B54B8D">2016</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="21A95348C3FDE10193846CDD9A0C3AF4" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="536CD1C2A1CB11866EA946781427CBBC">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="DC05A2095F40A7FCAAC49E58E522861C">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="930A30A0E64BE57933C31794E5C01315">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="2226E3AF0D60CCCEBE4D1E334BC98ECE">
|
||
<mods:title id="DDD89579F2B752C04310C666290D2BEE">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="62FBFCF936B003F7B14B0D847729E039">
|
||
<mods:extent id="ECA57F1109BAD387424902A8578CD1F8" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="841613CB7A457849A9AD623BEB6EE4FA">552</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="E2C504A5AF9C9A6538AB9CDD2BAB152F">604</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="1CBD49E9C6A715BCEC8E176874AA4439">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EFDA3679D5FCC1154B3AAF030ED3BE68" type="CLB-Dataset">67690</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E2A3F29B36C17D40E27D318DD83A02FB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6623649</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="33BFFFBA903ACA96395987C858724AA5" type="GBIF-Dataset">5be7e52f-9b9c-4c03-99ed-f346bbcde1d0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F94CA0114C12C67B04ADC40AF3BDDEA9" type="ISBN">978-84-941892-3-4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B59A86B909B13DCE7ACE2568A70B920F" type="Zenodo-Dep">6623649</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C5A071FFE1FFD5FAD0590F5265F573" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6620159" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195810027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6620159" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5A071FFE1FFD5FAD0590F5265F573" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5A071FFE1FFD5FAD0590F5265F573" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAD0590F5FC5FEA0" box="[1388,1444,262,308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAD0590F5FC5FEA0" blockId="12.[1386,2404,262,351]" box="[1388,1444,262,308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<heading id="D09BA60BFFE1FFD5FAD0590F5FC5FEA0" box="[1388,1444,262,308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13570DE2FFE1FFD5FAD0590F5FC5FEA0" box="[1388,1444,262,308]" captionStart="Plate 35: Echimyidae" captionStartId="8.[107,137,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[14,2758,14,3643]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="12. Broad-headed Spiny-rat (Clyomys laticeps), 13. Guiara (Euryzygomatomys spinosus), 14. White-spined Spiny-rat (Irinomys albispinus), 15. Elias’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys eliasi), 16. Rigid-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys paratus), 17. Yonenaga’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae), 18. Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys setosus), 19. Moojen’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys moojeni), 20. Pau Brasil Spiny-rat (Trinomys mirapitanga), 21. Rio de Janeiro Spiny-rat (Trinomys dimidiatus), 22. Sao Paulo Spiny-rat (Trinomys thering), 23. Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys gratiosus), 24. Sao Lourenco Punare (Thrichomys laurentius), 25. Jacobina Punare (Thrichomys inermis), 26. Lagoa Santa Punare (Thrichomys apereoides), 27. Pantanal Punare (Thrichomys pachyurus), 28. Foster’s Punare (Thrichomys fosteri), 29. Painted Tree-rat (Callistomys pictus), 30. Coypu (Myocastor coypus), 31. Armored Rat (Hoplomys gymnurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623784/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">23.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FA0A590F5DA0FEA0" box="[1462,1985,262,308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FA0A590F5DA0FEA0" blockId="12.[1386,2404,262,351]" box="[1462,1985,262,308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<heading id="D09BA60BFFE1FFD5FA0A590F5DA0FEA0" box="[1462,1985,262,308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE1FFD5FA0A590F5DA0FEA0" box="[1462,1985,262,308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5F84B590F5335FEA0" box="[2039,2388,262,308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5F84B590F5335FEA0" blockId="12.[1386,2404,262,351]" box="[2039,2388,262,308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<heading id="D09BA60BFFE1FFD5F84B590F5335FEA0" box="[2039,2388,262,308]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE1FFD5F84B590F5335FEA0" ID-CoL="58VMD" baseAuthorityName="Moojen" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[2039,2388,262,308]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gratiosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5F84B590F5335FEA0" box="[2039,2388,262,308]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Trinomys gratiosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAD7594F5302FECF" box="[1387,2403,326,347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAD7594F5302FECF" blockId="12.[1386,2404,262,351]" box="[1387,2403,326,347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<heading id="D09BA60BFFE1FFD5FAD7594F5302FECF" box="[1387,2403,326,347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FAD7594F5FD7FECF" bold="true" box="[1387,1462,326,347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE1FFD5FA7C594F5CF0FECF" box="[1472,1681,326,347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Rat-épineux gracieux</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5F91A594F5D61FECF" bold="true" box="[1702,1792,326,347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE1FFD5F8B5594F5243FECF" box="[1801,2082,326,347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Zierliche Atlantikstachelratte</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5F78B594F52F3FECF" bold="true" box="[2103,2194,326,347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE1FFD5F720594F5302FECF" box="[2204,2403,326,347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Rata espinosa gracil</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5F873598F52FAFE5B" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5F873598F52FAFE5B" blockId="12.[1995,2596,390,817]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5F873598F520BFE33" bold="true" box="[1999,2154,390,423]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE1FFD5F737598F52F7FE5B" authority="Moojen, 1948" authorityName="Moojen" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="iheringi" subSpecies="gratiosus">Proechimys iheringi gratiosus Moojen, 1948</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5F71759BB52A7FD8B" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5F71759BB52A7FD8B" blockId="12.[1995,2596,390,817]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B041B3AFFE1FFD5F71759BB52A7FD8B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804303367" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">“Floresta da Caixa Dagua, Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo, Brazil; altitude 750 meters.”</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5F8775A2D5CCAFC11" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5F8775A2D5CCAFC11" blockId="12.[1995,2596,390,817]" lastBlockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
J. Moojen described three taxa in 1948 as subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE1FFD5F76B5A42527BFD07" authorityName="Moojen" authorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="iheringi" subSpecies="gratiosus">Proechimys iheringi gratiosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, bonafider, and panema. M. C. Lara and J. L. Patton in 2000; transferred all to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE1FFD5F8695AC85226FD76" authorityName=" Thomas" authorityYear="1921" box="[2005,2119,705,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trinomys</taxonomicName>
|
||
, elevated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE1FFD5F7615AC8532EFD76" authorityName="Moojen" authorityYear="1948" box="[2269,2383,705,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gratiosus">gratiosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
to species status, and treated bonafidei as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE1FFD5F86A5B19523BFCA5" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[2006,2138,784,817]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Proechimys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iheringi">T. iheringi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. L.. M. Pessoa and colleagues in 2015 included panema as a junior synonym of the nominate subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE1FFD5F6D95B3053B9FCCE" authorityName="Moojen" authorityYear="1948" box="[2405,2520,825,858]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gratiosus">gratiosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two subspecies recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAD35B8253CEFBD3" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="DF1341EFFFE1FFD5FAD35B8253CEFBD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6623702" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623702/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" targetBox="[1386,1976,406,818]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAD35B825C9EFC38" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" box="[1391,1791,907,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FAD35B825C9EFC38" bold="true" box="[1391,1791,907,940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FACF5BB95C49FBB7" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE1FFD5FACF5BB95C49FBB7" authority="Moojen, 1948" authorityName="Moojen" authorityYear="1948" baseAuthorityName="Moojen" baseAuthorityYear="1948" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gratiosus" subSpecies="gratiosus">T.g.gratiosusMoojen,1948—SEBrazil,coastalEspiritoSantoandNERiodeJaneirostates,andinlandtoSMinasGeraisStateandItatiaiaNationalParkinNWRiodeJaneiroState.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FACF5C2F53CEFBD3" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" box="[1395,2479,1062,1095]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE1FFD5FACF5C2F5C8FFBD3" authority="Moojen, 1948" authorityName="Moojen" authorityYear="1948" box="[1395,1774,1062,1095]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Trinomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gratiosus" subSpecies="bonafidei">T. g. bonafidei Moojen, 1948</taxonomicName>
|
||
— SE Brazil, coastal ranges of Rio de Janeiro State.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAD35C585204F8A1" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAD35C585043FA98" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FAD35C585C08FBE5" bold="true" box="[1391,1641,1104,1138]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 163-232 mm,tail 150-220 mm; weight 162-270 g. Upper parts of the Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat are ocherous buff and contrast with white venter. Bicolored tail is brownish above and white below and averages 90% of headbody length;it lacks conspicuous pencil of elongated hairs at tip. Aristiformsare darker along mid-dorsal region,so that back contrasts with paler setiforms on sides of body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FACC5D1F5204F8A1" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Aristiforms are long, up to 27 mm, relatively narrow, and relatively soft; they are gray at bases and blacken toward tips. Setiforms on mid-dorsal region are gray basally, also blacken toward tips, but possess sub-distal ocherous band. Hairs on forefeet and hindfeet are white on dorsal surfaces. Skull of the Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat is slender, lacks conspicuousridges, and averages 50-6 mm. Incisive foramina are large (3-3-5-9 mm long), premaxillary part of septum is broad and extends more than one-half length of foramina opening, maxillary part is very constricted, septum is often incomplete, and vomer does not contribute to ventral aspect of septum. Post-orbital processes of zygoma are rounded, involving only squamosal. Auditory bullae are small, smooth, elongated, and inflated. Baculum has pronounced dorso-ventral curvature of proximal one-third, has lateral indentation near distal end, and broadens near proximal end but tapers at tip; distal end possesses weak medial depression and without distal wings. Both subspecies have the same 2n = 56, FN = 108, with large submetacentric Xchromosomes and small metacentric Y-chromosomes.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAC85F305CD2F7E5" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAC85F305CD2F7E5" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FAC85F305F82F8CE" bold="true" box="[1396,1507,1849,1882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Atlantic Forest at elevations above 600 m; subspecies bonefidei occurs in Alto Parana Atlantic Forest, Campos Rupestres Montane Savanna, and Serra do Mar coastal forests ecoregions, within primary and secondary evergreen forest with elevated humidity and dense overstory with trees with crowns at least 20 m in height. Ground terrain in these forests is typically moderately steep, with rocky outcrops and relatively few fallen logs on the ground. Understory usually reaches 1-5 m in height, includes many palms and fruit trees, but has few lianas and vines, with some arboreal bromeliads and abundant arborescent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FACA507D5CD0F773" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FACA507D5CD0F773" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FACA507D5C1FF701" bold="true" box="[1398,1662,2164,2197]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but the Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat probably feeds on a variety of plant materials, including fruit and seeds, and insects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FACB50E35C4EF6A2" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FACB50E35C4EF6A2" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FACB50E35F9FF69F" bold="true" box="[1399,1534,2282,2315]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Females of subspecies bonafidei were captured in April and September, with 1-2 embryos.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FACA5130529FF616" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FACA5130529FF616" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FACA51305C05F6CE" bold="true" box="[1398,1636,2361,2394]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but the Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat is presumed to be primarily nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAC451815C2CF647" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAC451815C2CF647" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FAC451815221F63D" bold="true" box="[1400,2112,2440,2473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAC551DE5C2CF50C" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAC551DE5C2CF50C" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FAC551DE5CBDF66C" bold="true" box="[1401,1756,2519,2552]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Population trends of the Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat are unknown but assumed to be large. There are no majorthreats; it is protected in several state and national parks, and its montane habitat is among the better preserved of the many forest types in the broad Atlantic Forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE1FFD5FAC752AC5265F573" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE1FFD5FAC752AC5265F573" blockId="12.[1386,2606,825,2791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE1FFD5FAC752AC5C75F52A" bold="true" box="[1403,1556,2725,2750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Carvalho & Salles (2004), Lara & Patton (2000), Leite (2003), Moojen (1948), Pessoa, dos Reis & Pessba (1996), Pessoa, Tavares, de Oliveira & Patton (2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |