189 lines
20 KiB
XML
189 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="B7CF5CEECC12F4A5AB95F348BF448F3A">
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<mods:title id="26413689FF033D137C49C4F627B38032">Echimyidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BD3CBE91C4E621AF2A979587F66EC8C5">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2F7EAC05E2B440CFACC9491255ED463D">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="76D92CED88066290CA6F08799FAEA0DB">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="216458C704DA1875018000C050D7FFD0">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="014B23C39982DB46CDC12F58605E1457">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="2743801B0A23678CB634D24881E9EC10">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="250DFDEB9E44B743DBF05F15A0BAAC18">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C5A071FFE0FFD7FA16547A5B84F8F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6624647" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195810017" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6624647" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C5A071FFE0FFD7FA16547A5B84F8F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C5A071FFE0FFD7FA16547A5B84F8F0" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="566" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FA16547A5F82F335" box="[1450,1507,3187,3233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FA16547A5F82F335" blockId="13.[1447,2344,3187,3311]" box="[1450,1507,3187,3233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE0FFD4FA16547A5F82F335" box="[1450,1507,3187,3233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<figureCitation id="13570DE2FFE0FFD4FA16547A5F82F335" box="[1450,1507,3187,3233]" captionStart="Plate 35: Echimyidae" captionStartId="8.[107,137,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[14,2758,14,3643]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="12. Broad-headed Spiny-rat (Clyomys laticeps), 13. Guiara (Euryzygomatomys spinosus), 14. White-spined Spiny-rat (Irinomys albispinus), 15. Elias’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys eliasi), 16. Rigid-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys paratus), 17. Yonenaga’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae), 18. Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys setosus), 19. Moojen’s Spiny-rat (Trinomys moojeni), 20. Pau Brasil Spiny-rat (Trinomys mirapitanga), 21. Rio de Janeiro Spiny-rat (Trinomys dimidiatus), 22. Sao Paulo Spiny-rat (Trinomys thering), 23. Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys gratiosus), 24. Sao Lourenco Punare (Thrichomys laurentius), 25. Jacobina Punare (Thrichomys inermis), 26. Lagoa Santa Punare (Thrichomys apereoides), 27. Pantanal Punare (Thrichomys pachyurus), 28. Foster’s Punare (Thrichomys fosteri), 29. Painted Tree-rat (Callistomys pictus), 30. Coypu (Myocastor coypus), 31. Armored Rat (Hoplomys gymnurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623784/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">27.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FA48547A5D2CF335" box="[1524,1869,3187,3233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FA48547A5D2CF335" blockId="13.[1447,2344,3187,3311]" box="[1524,1869,3187,3233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE0FFD4FA48547A5D2CF335" box="[1524,1869,3187,3233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE0FFD4FA48547A5D2CF335" box="[1524,1869,3187,3233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Pantanal Punare</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4F825547A5346F335" box="[1945,2343,3187,3233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4F825547A5346F335" blockId="13.[1447,2344,3187,3311]" box="[1945,2343,3187,3233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE0FFD4F825547A5346F335" box="[1945,2343,3187,3233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE0FFD4F825547A5346F335" ID-CoL="56LT4" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[1945,2343,3187,3233]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyurus">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4F825547A5346F335" box="[1945,2343,3187,3233]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Thrichomys pachyurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FA1554BB5D04F379" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FA1554BB537AF353" blockId="13.[1447,2344,3187,3311]" box="[1449,2331,3250,3271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE0FFD4FA1554BB537AF353" box="[1449,2331,3250,3271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FA1554BB5F95F353" bold="true" box="[1449,1524,3250,3271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE0FFD4FA4254BB5CA2F353" box="[1534,1731,3250,3271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Punaré du Paraguay</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4F96B54BB5D53F353" bold="true" box="[1751,1842,3250,3271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE0FFD4F88054BB5DBDF353" box="[1852,2012,3250,3271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Pantanal-Punaré</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4F84D54BB522DF353" bold="true" box="[2033,2124,3250,3271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE0FFD4F7EA54BB537AF353" box="[2134,2331,3250,3271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Punaré de Paraguay</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FA1454D15D04F379" blockId="13.[1447,2344,3187,3311]" box="[1448,1893,3288,3309]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<heading id="D09BA60BFFE0FFD4FA1454D15D04F379" box="[1448,1893,3288,3309]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FA1454D15CFEF379" bold="true" box="[1448,1695,3288,3309]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="056F6149FFE0FFD4F91554D15D04F379" box="[1705,1893,3288,3309]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Paraguayan Punare</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4FA1B55155D99F2A9" box="[1447,2040,3356,3389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4FA1B55155D99F2A9" blockId="13.[1446,2651,3356,3477]" box="[1447,2040,3356,3389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE0FFD4FA1B55155C23F2A9" bold="true" box="[1447,1602,3356,3389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE0FFD4F9F255155D92F2A9" authority="Wagner, 1845" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[1614,2035,3356,3389]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Isothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyura">Isothrix pachyura Wagner, 1845</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD4F7BF5515502EF2A9" box="[2051,2639,3356,3389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD4F7BF5515502EF2A9" blockId="13.[1446,2651,3356,3477]" box="[2051,2639,3356,3389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B041B3AFFE0FFD4F7BF5515502EF2A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804303316" box="[2051,2639,3356,3389]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">“Cuyaba [= Cuiaba],” Mato Grosso, Brazil.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE0FFD7FA1A554559C5FD0F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="566" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE0FFD7FA1A554559C5FD0F" blockId="13.[1446,2651,3356,3477]" lastBlockId="14.[722,1317,279,706]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="566" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
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Austrian naturalist J. A. Wagner in 1845 placed this species in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE0FFD4F64D55455035F2F1" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[2545,2644,3404,3429]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Isothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Isothrix</taxonomicName>
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, the Amazonian brush-tailed rats, where it continued to be listed even by A. Cabrera in 1961, although in 1880 E. L. Trouessart had correctly assigned
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FBC759375E95FECB" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1845" box="[1147,1268,318,351]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Isothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachyura">pachyura</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FD6A596F5909FE13" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1880" box="[726,872,358,391]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Thrichomys</taxonomicName>
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. L.. M. Pesso6a and colleagues in their 2015 review of the genus included
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FCBF59BC590EFE42" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[771,879,437,470]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fosteri">T. fosteri</taxonomicName>
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as a synonym based on shared qualitative craniodental characters and mapped individuals from localities in central Brazil with chromosomal complement of 2n = 30 and FN = 56 as
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FB285A5B5896FD0F" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">Thrichomys sp.</taxonomicName>
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Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FD6F5AAC5A92FC80" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF1341EFFFE3FFD7FD6F5AAC5A92FC80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6623714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6623714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6623714/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" targetBox="[108,698,289,703]" targetPageId="14">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FD6F5AAC5A92FC80" blockId="14.[722,1317,279,706]" lastBlockId="14.[112,1320,718,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FD6F5AAC59E2FD56" bold="true" box="[723,899,677,706]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Distribution.</emphasis>
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W Brazil (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sulstates), extreme E Bolivia (Santa Cruz Department), and most of Paraguay.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFCC5B1159FAFC4C" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFCC5B1159FAFC4C" blockId="14.[112,1320,718,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFCC5B115B0FFCAD" bold="true" box="[112,366,792,825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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There are no specific measurements available, but the Pantanal Punare is among the largest species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FD2A5B495944FCF5" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1880" box="[662,805,832,865]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Thrichomys</taxonomicName>
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, with greatest skull length averaging 55-4 mm. Chromosome complement is 2n = 30 and FN = 56. External and cranial characteristics are similar to those of Foster’s Punare (7.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FC275B86598EFC24" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[923,1007,911,944]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fosteri">fosteri</taxonomicName>
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), with the two species distinguished primarily by karyotype and DNA sequences.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFCD5BEF5887FB09" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFCD5BEF5887FB09" blockId="14.[112,1320,718,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFCD5BEF5A81FC6B" bold="true" box="[113,224,998,1023]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Northern and central Cerrado ecoregions at elevations of 130-1190 m, being lowest in northern extreme of the distribution. Pantanal Punares occur in dry forest patches, including aggregations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FDD55C2558A5FBD9" box="[617,708,1068,1101]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Attalea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Attalea</taxonomicName>
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phalerata (
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FCE25C255991FBD9" authorityName="Bercht. & J.Presl" authorityYear="1820" box="[862,1008,1068,1101]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
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) palms. In seasonally wet Pantanal devoid of rocky areas, individuals have been caught in traps set in trees 1-5 m above ground during the rainy season.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFCE5CAB5BF2FB79" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFCE5CAB5BF2FB79" blockId="14.[112,1320,718,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
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||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFCE5CAB5B1BFB57" bold="true" box="[114,378,1186,1219]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Pantanal Punares are known to feed on palm fruits, eating mesocarp flesh and seeds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFCF5CF85855FA4D" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFCF5CF85855FA4D" blockId="14.[112,1320,718,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFCF5CF85A98FA86" bold="true" box="[115,249,1265,1298]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproduction of the Pantanal Punare is concentrated in the dry season, which corresponds to a period of higher resource availability, greater habitat availability, and higher population density coupled with reduced individual crowding. Compared with the Sao Lourenco Punare (7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C6AE4FFE3FFD7FD035D625925FA1C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[703,836,1387,1416]" class="Mammalia" family="Echimyidae" genus="Thrichomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laurentius">laurentius</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Pantanal Punare has smaller litter sizes (average 2-5) with larger birth weights; females also become reproductively active later and at larger masses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFCE5DD75E6AFA6B" box="[114,1035,1502,1535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFCE5DD75E6AFA6B" blockId="14.[112,1320,718,1892]" box="[114,1035,1502,1535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFCE5DD75B3CFA6B" bold="true" box="[114,349,1502,1535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC85E0C5B68F9E2" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC85E0C5B68F9E2" blockId="14.[112,1320,718,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFC85E0C5936F9B2" bold="true" box="[116,855,1541,1574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Home ranges of the Pantanal Punares estimated from grid trapping and radio-tracking are 0-26-2-9 ha (mean = 0-85 ha).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFC95E725998F97F" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFC95E725998F97F" blockId="14.[112,1320,718,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFC95E725BAEF908" bold="true" box="[117,463,1659,1692]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Population trend of the Pantanal Punare is unknown, but it is considered common throughout its distribution. No major conservation threats have been reported.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37642ECFFE3FFD7FFCA5EF35B84F8F0" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD31167FFE3FFD7FFCA5EF35B84F8F0" blockId="14.[112,1320,718,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918CD75FFE3FFD7FFCA5EF35B6FF887" bold="true" box="[118,270,1786,1811]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Andreazzi et al. (2012), Cabrera (1961), Nascimento et al. (2013), Oliveira-Santos et al. (2013), Pessoa, Tavares, Neves & da Silva (2015), Pittker et al. (2012), Santos-Filho et al. (2012), Teixeira et al. (2005), Trouessart (1880), Wagner (1845).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |