364 lines
45 KiB
XML
364 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4A4FC523A962095788ED033B7EF4AEB3">Eels of the genus Bathyuroconger in the northwestern Pacific, with descriptions of four new species (Anguilliformes: Congridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4CF85040A5CCFB93996467C1F820ACD5">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="235B8B6261AF10D8832766E477AD5AA5">Ho, Hsuan-Ching</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B21EBBC2F742F0AA032A3DA0AA65F894">Tashiro, Fumihito</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EEF78F9092CA9BC45D225476BFCD27D6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A46B024ABF3362E5A54B31A59A72324A">
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<mods:date id="39C71F0B422B3661797FA03294ED7C6B">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5543687DCE5CF75244322442B55A66C8">4454</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA3D217FF44FCD5F139FCC8" blockId="11.[151,657,802,899]" box="[151,541,802,828]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
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<heading id="D09B8198FFA3D217FF44FCD5F139FCC8" bold="true" box="[151,541,802,828]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FF44FCD5F139FCC8" bold="true" box="[151,541,802,828]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA3D217FF44FCD5F29CFCC8" authority="Smith & Ho & Tashiro, 2018" authorityName="Smith & Ho & Tashiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,440,802,828]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fowleri" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FF44FCD5F29CFCC8" bold="true" box="[151,440,802,828]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Bathyuroconger fowleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B579DFFA3D217FE6CFCD5F139FCC8" box="[447,541,802,828]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA3D217FF44FCB2F1B5FCAA" blockId="11.[151,657,802,899]" box="[151,657,837,862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">English name: Fowler’s large-toothed conger</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C376657FFFA3D217FF44FC9EF2E2FC77" box="[151,454,873,899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA3D217FF44FC9EF2E2FC77" blockId="11.[151,657,802,899]" box="[151,454,873,899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
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<figureCitation id="13572A71FFA3D217FF44FC9EF3CDFC77" box="[151,233,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1650,1672]" captionTargetBox="[191,1348,237,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[163,1423,187,1613]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4.. Scatter plots demonstrating the different mophormetric proportion of Bathyuroconger species in present study. A. gill opening height (%HL) versus preanal length. B. Head length (%PAL) versus preanal length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446592/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13572A71FFA3D217FF26FC9EF222FC77" box="[245,262,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,707]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,707]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Bathyuroconger fowleri sp. nov., USNM 93376, 298 mm TL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446598/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13572A71FFA3D217FEC0FC9EF21EFC77" box="[275,314,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[367,1224,223,1319]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[367,1224,193,1341]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral view of head of three Bathyuroconger species. A. B. fowleri sp. nov., paratype, USNM 93372, 497 mm TL. B. B. hawaiienSiS, holotype, USNM 348215, 392 mm TL. C. B. parvibranchialiS, holotype, USNM 92346, 645 mm TL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446600/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">8A</figureCitation>
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; Tables 1, 2
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C376657FFFA3D217FF44FC45F1D6FC13" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA3D217FF44FC45F0A9FC3C" blockId="11.[151,909,946,999]" box="[151,909,946,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA3D217FF44FC45F299FC3C" ID-CoL="6Z27V" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,445,946,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Silvesterina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
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<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FF44FC45F299FC3C" box="[151,445,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">SilveSterina parvibranchialiS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(non
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFA3D217FE2BFC45F1A7FC3C" box="[504,643,946,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" refId="ref11774" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. ProceedingS of the Academy of Natural ScienceS of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article">Fowler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10E5FFA3D217FD47FC45F063FC3C" author="" box="[660,839,946,968]" page="275" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFA3D217FD47FC45F039FC3C" box="[660,797,946,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" refId="ref11774" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. ProceedingS of the Academy of Natural ScienceS of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article">Fowler, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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:275
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</treatmentCitation>
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(part).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA3D217FF44FC26F1D6FC13" blockId="11.[151,909,946,999]" box="[151,754,977,999]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA3D217FF44FC26F2CEFC13" ID-CoL="5WG5B" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[151,490,977,999]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
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<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FF44FC26F2CEFC13" box="[151,490,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Bathyuroconger parvibranchialiS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10E5FFA3D217FE24FC26F189FC13" author="" box="[503,685,977,999]" page="1686" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFA3D217FE24FC26F150FC13" box="[503,628,977,999]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" refId="ref12505" refString="Smith, D. G. (1999) Species identification guide for fisheries purposes. Vol. 3. In: Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.), The living marine reSourceS of the weStern central Pacific. Batoid fiSheS, chimeraS and bony fiSheS. Part 1. Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome, pp. 1398 - 2068." type="book chapter">Smith, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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:1686
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</treatmentCitation>
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(part).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C376657FFFA3D217FF44FBFAF64FFB2E" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
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<typeStatus id="54D78856FFA3D217FF44FBFAF222FBD2" box="[151,262,1037,1062]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFA3D217FEC0FBF9F297FBD2" box="[275,435,1037,1062]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">USNM 93376</specimenCode>
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(
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),
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, off
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,
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(N),
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,
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,
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</elevation>
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, Albatross sta. 5326,
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<collectingDate id="EF96E9DCFFA3D217FE73FBC5F11EFBBE" box="[416,570,1074,1098]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" value="1908-11-12">
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<date id="FFD21034FFA3D217FE73FBC5F11EFBBE" box="[416,570,1074,1098]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" value="1908-11-12">12 Nov. 1908</date>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA3D217FF14FBA2F64FFB2E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1037,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FF14FBA2F2EFFB9A" bold="true" box="[199,459,1109,1134]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Paratypes. Indonesia:</emphasis>
|
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USNM 93372 (1, 497),
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B043CA9FFA3D217FD0DFBA2F17BFB66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914264838" collectingDate="1909-11-29" collectorName="Makayan Id." country="Indonesia" elevation="527" latitude="0.2" location="Moluccas" longLatPrecision="785" longitude="127.49" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="F37B7664FFA3D217FD0DFBA2F06AFB9A" box="[734,846,1109,1134]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
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, between Gillolo &
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<collectorName id="26995322FFA3D217FBE2FBA2F7E5FB9A" box="[1073,1217,1109,1134]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Makayan Id.</collectorName>
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,
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,
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,
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<elevation id="0041D1C7FFA3D217FF44FB8EF3C2FB65" box="[151,230,1145,1170]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.27" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="527.0">
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</elevation>
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, Albatross 5624,
|
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<collectingDate id="EF96E9DCFFA3D217FE6EFB8DF17BFB66" box="[445,607,1146,1170]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" value="1909-11-29">
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<date id="FFD21034FFA3D217FE6EFB8DF17BFB66" box="[445,607,1146,1170]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" value="1909-11-29">29 Nov 1909</date>
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</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B043CA9FFA3D217FDA3FB8EF1D6FB42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914264823" collectingDate="1908-11-19" collectionCode="USNM" country="Philippines" elevation="388" latitude="18.55" location="northern Luzon" longLatPrecision="765" longitude="127.37" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" specimenCode="USNM 93377" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FDA3FB8EF024FB66" bold="true" box="[624,768,1145,1170]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7664FFA3D217FDA3FB8EF1DFFB66" box="[624,763,1145,1170]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFA3D217FCDFFB8DF095FB66" box="[780,945,1146,1170]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">USNM 93377</specimenCode>
|
||
(1, 275+), off
|
||
<location id="8EB3602FFFA3D217FBBDFB8EF602FB65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587E2FFA3D211FF44FCD5F197FEB4:8EB3602FFFA3D217FBBDFB8EF602FB65" box="[1134,1318,1145,1170]" country="Philippines" latitude="18.55" longLatPrecision="765" longitude="127.37" name="northern Luzon" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">northern Luzon</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE585033FFA3D217FAE5FB8EF6B3FB66" box="[1334,1431,1145,1170]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="18.55">18.55°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE585033FFA3D217FF44FB69F226FB42" box="[151,258,1182,1206]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="127.37">127.37°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0041D1C7FFA3D217FEC2FB69F278FB41" box="[273,348,1182,1206]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="388.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA3D217FEC2FB69F278FB41" box="[273,348,1182,1206]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="388.0">388 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, Albatross sta. 5329,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF96E9DCFFA3D217FD84FB69F1D6FB42" box="[599,754,1182,1206]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" value="1908-11-19">
|
||
<date id="FFD21034FFA3D217FD84FB69F1D6FB42" box="[599,754,1182,1206]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" value="1908-11-19">19 Nov 1908</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B043CA9FFA3D217FD2CFB69F1C7FB2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914264833" collectingDate="1908-11-12" collectionCode="USNM" country="Philippines" elevation="410" latitude="18.57" location="northern Luzon" longLatPrecision="765" longitude="121.85" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" specimenCode="USNM 93379" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFA3D217FD2CFB69F0BBFB42" box="[767,927,1182,1206]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">USNM 93379</specimenCode>
|
||
(3, 135‒186), off
|
||
<location id="8EB3602FFFA3D217FBA5FB6AF60EFB41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587E2FFA3D211FF44FCD5F197FEB4:8EB3602FFFA3D217FBA5FB6AF60EFB41" box="[1142,1322,1181,1206]" country="Philippines" latitude="18.57" longLatPrecision="765" longitude="121.85" name="northern Luzon" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">northern Luzon</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE585033FFA3D217FAE4FB6AF6BCFB42" box="[1335,1432,1181,1206]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="18.57">18.57°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE585033FFA3D217FF44FB36F226FB2E" box="[151,258,1217,1242]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="121.85">121.85°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0041D1C7FFA3D217FEDDFB35F273FB2D" box="[270,343,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="410.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA3D217FEDDFB35F273FB2D" box="[270,343,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="410.0">410 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, Albatross sta. 5325,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF96E9DCFFA3D217FD9BFB35F1C7FB2E" box="[584,739,1218,1242]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" value="1908-11-12">
|
||
<date id="FFD21034FFA3D217FD9BFB35F1C7FB2E" box="[584,739,1218,1242]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" value="1908-11-12">12 Nov. 1908</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B043CA9FFA3D217FD3DFB35F64CFB2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914264824" box="[750,1384,1217,1242]" collectingDate="1908-11-12" collectionCode="USNM" country="Philippines" elevation="410" latitude="18.57" location="northern Luzon" longLatPrecision="765" longitude="121.85" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" specimenCode="USNM 441776, USNM 9336" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFA3D217FD3DFB35F0BEFB2E" box="[750,922,1217,1242]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">USNM 441776</specimenCode>
|
||
(2, 145‒155), same data as
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBCA9E8FFFA3D217FB07FB35F64CFB2E" box="[1236,1384,1217,1242]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">USNM 9336</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFA3D217FF14FB12F61EF9EA" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA3D217FF14FB12F61EF9EA" blockId="11.[151,1437,1037,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FF14FB12F265FB0A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1253,1278]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA3D217FE3CFB12F180FB09" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[495,676,1253,1277]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FE3CFB12F180FB09" box="[495,676,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Bathyuroconger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a very small gill opening, preanal length 36.9‒39.8 %TL, predorsal length 14.5‒15.9 %TL, predorsal vertebrae 12‒14, preanal vertebrae 47‒52, total vertebrae 173‒178.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA3D217FF44FADAF280FAB1" authorityName="Smith & Ho & Tashiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,420,1325,1349]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fowleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FF44FADAF280FAB1" box="[151,420,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Bathyuroconger fowleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from all other species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA3D217FC6DFAD9F7BFFAB1" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[958,1179,1325,1349]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FC6DFAD9F7BFFAB1" box="[958,1179,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">B. parvibranchialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the very small gill opening, separated from the pectoral-fin base by a distance greater than the diameter of the gill opening (vs less than diameter of gill opening). It is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA3D217FCD4FA81F0C6FA79" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[775,994,1397,1421]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FCD4FA81F0C6FA79" box="[775,994,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">B. parvibranchialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the position of the dorsal-fin origin (over base of pectoral fin vs behind base of fin); a greater preanal length (vs 33.3‒37.1 %TL), greater predorsal length (vs 12.6‒14.5 %TL), a greater trunk to head ratio (1.7‒2.1 vs 1.4‒1.7); more predorsal vertebrae (vs 7‒10), more preanal vertebrae (vs 43‒48), and fewer total vertebrae (vs 181‒189). In addition, it appears to be somewhat smaller (largest specimen
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA3D217FE6FF9F1F13DF9E9" box="[444,537,1542,1566]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.97" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="497.0">497 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA3D217FDECF9F2F1BAF9EA" box="[575,670,1541,1566]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="715.0">715 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and lives in shallower water (
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA3D217FC26F9F2F751F9E9" box="[1013,1141,1541,1566]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.575" metricValueMax="5.27" metricValueMin="3.88" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="457.5" valueMax="527.0" valueMin="388.0">388‒527 m</quantity>
|
||
vs
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA3D217FB4FF9F1F609F9EA" box="[1180,1325,1542,1566]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.27" metricValueMax="10.22" metricValueMin="4.32" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="727.0" valueMax="1022.0" valueMin="432.0">432‒1022 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFA3D210FF14F9DEF76AFA80" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA3D217FF14F9DEF7D1F95A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1037,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA3D217FF14F9DEF27DF9B6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1577,1602]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements in %TL: PAL 36.9‒39.8, PDL 14.5‒15.9, HL 12.3‒13.5, TR 23.4‒27.4, DA 6.1‒6.5. In % PAL: PDL 36.4‒41.9, HL 31.3‒36.6, TR 63.4‒68.7, DA 14.7‒17.0. In % HL: S 21.5‒25.6, E 12.2‒15.5, IOW 14.3‒19.9, UJ 31.9‒38.9, GO 2.8‒7.3, IB 14.6‒28.2, PL 23.4‒42.1. Pores: PALL 46, PDLL 9‒12, PPLL 6, SO 3, IO 5, POM 10, ST 1. Vertebrae: PDV 12‒14, PAV 47‒52, PCV 52‒55, TV 173‒178.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA3D217FF14F94EF79CF806" blockId="11.[151,1437,1037,2034]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Body moderately slender, cylindrical anteriorly, compressed and tapering posteriorly. Trunk short, trunk length 1.7‒2.2 times head length. Tail slender but not filamentous, anus at about anterior third of total length. Dorsal and anal fins confluent with caudal, dorsal fin begins approximately over middle of pectoral fin, anal fin begins immediately behind anus; pectoral fin moderately well developed. Head large, rounded, deeper than body, jaws equal. Snout short and blunt, rounded in dorsal view, about 1.5‒2.0 times eye diameter. Eye moderately small, over posterior part of upper jaw, its posterior margin approximately at level of rictus; interorbital space relatively broad, its width greater than eye diameter. Anterior nostril tube like, at front of snout; posterior nostril in front of mid-eye, a simple pore. Gill opening small, located anteroventral to pectoral fin, its upper end below level of lower pectoralfin base; distance from gill opening to fin base distinctly greater than diameter of gill opening.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF13667CFFA4D210FF44FD2FF0AEFD1A" box="[151,906,728,750]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446598/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" startId="12.[151,250,728,750]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,707]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA4D210FF44FD2FF0AEFD1A" blockId="12.[151,906,728,750]" box="[151,906,728,750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FF44FD2FF236FD1A" bold="true" box="[151,274,728,750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA4D210FECAFD2FF12FFD1A" authority="Smith & Ho & Tashiro, 2018" authorityName="Smith & Ho & Tashiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[281,523,728,750]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fowleri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FECAFD2FF12FFD1A" box="[281,523,728,750]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Bathyuroconger fowleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22B579DFFA4D210FDC2FD2EF145FD1A" box="[529,609,729,750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FDC2FD2EF145FD1A" bold="true" box="[529,609,729,750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, USNM 93376, 298 mm TL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA4D210FF14FCC8F738FCA3" blockId="12.[151,1437,831,2008]" box="[199,1052,831,856]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Vertebrae: predorsal 12‒14, preanal 47‒52, precaudal 52‒55, total 173‒178.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA4D210FF14FC94F62CFB8C" blockId="12.[151,1437,831,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Head pores moderate in size, not enlarged and slit-like. Supraorbital pores 3; first pore at tip of snout, on edge of upper lip, opening downward; second pore larger, above and slightly behind first, in front of upper base of anterior nostril; third above and behind second, directly above base of anterior nostril. Infraorbital pores 5; first just behind anterior nostril; second below and behind first, about midway between anterior and posterior nostrils; third below anterior margin of eye; fourth below posterior part of eye, slightly behind mid-eye level; fifth behind rictus; no pores behind eye. Preoperculomandibular pores 10;
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA4D210FCDDFBEFF01FFBC4" box="[782,827,1047,1072]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
mandibular section,
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA4D210FBF8FBE0F77CFBC4" box="[1067,1112,1047,1072]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
preopercular, the last one at about level of first lateral-line pore. One median supratemporal pore, anterior to level of first lateral-line pore; no lateral pores. Lateral line complete, lateral-line pores large; predorsal 9‒12, prepectoral 6, preanal 46.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA4D210FF14FB74F191FAD8" blockId="12.[151,1437,831,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Teeth large and pointed. Intermaxillary teeth in two transverse rows, each with 4‒6 fang-like teeth, exposed when mouth closed. Vomer with 2 enlarged median teeth, the second larger than the first, with a few smaller teeth around and behind them, length of patch rather short. Maxillary teeth in 3 irregular rows anteriorly, narrowing to 2 rows posteriorly, the outer teeth larger. Dentary teeth in about 3‒4 rows anteriorly, biserial for most of length, the outer teeth larger, those at anterior end enlarged.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA4D210FF14FAC0F76AFA80" blockId="12.[151,1437,831,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Color in preservative medium to light brown, fins with dark margin posteriorly. Smaller specimens with three longitudinal rows of small melanophores, presumably the remnant of larval pigment.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFA4D210FF14FA88F2B1F9DC" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA4D210FF14FA88F2B1F9DC" blockId="12.[151,1437,831,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FF14FA88F244FA6C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1407,1432]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from two rather widely separated localities in the tropical NW Pacific: northern Luzon in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7664FFA4D210FF11FA54F264FA48" box="[194,320,1443,1468]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7664FFA4D210FE75FA54F137FA48" box="[422,531,1443,1468]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7664FFA4D210FDEFFA54F188FA48" box="[572,684,1443,1468]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA4D210FCD3FA54F0A0FA4F" box="[768,900,1443,1468]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.575" metricValueMax="5.27" metricValueMin="3.88" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="457.5" valueMax="527.0" valueMin="388.0">
|
||
388‒
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6AFD7DFFA4D210FCEBFA54F0A0FA4F" box="[824,900,1443,1468]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" type="generic">527 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. There are no obvious differences between the northern and southern specimens, and it likely occurs in the intermediate area as well. Its presence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7664FFA4D210FAC9FA30F648FA14" box="[1306,1388,1479,1504]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and farther north cannot be ruled out, as its close relative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA4D210FD2BFA1BF0F0F9F7" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[760,980,1515,1539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FD2BFA1BF0F0F9F7" box="[760,980,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">B. parvibranchialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not known north of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B7664FFA4D210FACDFA1CF6B8F9F0" box="[1310,1436,1515,1540]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
until the present study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376657FFFA4D211FF14F9C4F197FEB4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA4D211FF14F9C4F72CFF20" blockId="12.[151,1437,831,2008]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FF14F9C4F21FF9B8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1587,1612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens of this species are part of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D78856FFA4D210FC82F9C3F0A5F9B8" box="[849,897,1588,1612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA4D210FC27F9C4F619F9BF" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[1012,1341,1587,1611]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Silvesterina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FC27F9C4F619F9BF" box="[1012,1341,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">Silvesterina parvibranchialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B05FFA4D210FA9FF9C4F3C5F99B" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" refId="ref11774" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1934) Descriptions of new fishes obtained 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. ProceedingS of the Academy of Natural ScienceS of Philadelphia, 85, 233 - 367." type="journal article">Fowler (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not notice the distinction, but it is unlikely that any of his contemporaries would have noticed either. The differences between the two species are not obvious, and they must be examined closely to be seen. The vertebral counts are particularly revealing, but at that time, the importance of this character in the identification of eels was not generally appreciated, and x-ray machines were not widely used. In addition to the number of vertebrae, the two species are distinguished by the position of the dorsal-fin origin (over the base of the pectoral fin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA4D210FA57F91FF276F8D7" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Silvesterina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FA57F91FF276F8D7" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">B. parvibranchialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but distinctly behind that point in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA4D210FD2BF8FBF04FF8D7" authorityName="Smith & Ho & Tashiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[760,875,1803,1827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fowleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FD2BF8FBF04FF8D7" box="[760,875,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">B. fowleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the position of the anus (somewhat more anterior in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA4D210FEC7F8C7F2CBF8B3" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[276,495,1839,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Silvesterina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FEC7F8C7F2CBF8B3" box="[276,495,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">B. parvibranchialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA4D210FD9FF8C7F198F8B3" authorityName="Smith & Ho & Tashiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[588,700,1839,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fowleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FD9FF8C7F198F8B3" box="[588,700,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">B. fowleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reflected in the lesser preanal length in the former). In addition, there is a distinct but difficult-to-quantify difference in the shape of the body. When compared side-by-side,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA4D210FA57F8A3F276F87B" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Silvesterina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FA57F8A3F276F87B" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">B. parvibranchialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is seen to be more slender and more gradually tapering posteriorly than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA4D210FB47F88FF620F87B" authorityName="Smith & Ho & Tashiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[1172,1284,1911,1935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fowleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FB47F88FF620F87B" box="[1172,1284,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">B. fowleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a distinctly deeper-bodied appearance and tapers more abruptly to the tail. Based on the available specimens,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA4D210FA57F86BF3C3F823" authorityName="Smith & Ho & Tashiro" authorityYear="2018" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fowleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FA57F86BF3C3F823" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">B. fowleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is somewhat smaller; the largest specimen is
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA4D210FD3BF848F061F823" box="[744,837,1983,2007]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.97" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="497.0">497 mm</quantity>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA4D210FC0DF848F718F823" box="[990,1084,1983,2008]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="715.0">715 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA4D210FB8CF837F61DF823" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[1119,1337,1983,2007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Silvesterina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA4D210FB8CF837F61DF823" box="[1119,1337,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="159">B. parvibranchialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA5D211FF44FF6EF221FF44" authorityName="Smith & Ho & Tashiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,261,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fowleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA5D211FF44FF6EF221FF44" box="[151,261,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="160">B. fowleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to live in shallower water than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA5D211FD12FF6EF0BEFF44" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[705,922,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Silvesterina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA5D211FD12FF6EF0BEFF44" box="[705,922,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="160">B. parvibranchialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the collection records of the known specimens,
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA5D211FECAFF4BF2BDFF20" box="[281,409,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.575" metricValueMax="5.27" metricValueMin="3.88" pageId="13" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="457.5" valueMax="527.0" valueMin="388.0">388‒527 m</quantity>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA5D211FE14FF4AF111FF20" authorityName="Smith & Ho & Tashiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[455,565,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathyuroconger" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fowleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA5D211FE14FF4AF111FF20" box="[455,565,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="160">B. fowleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B11FFA5D211FDBFFF4BF1DDFF20" box="[620,761,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.27" metricValueMax="10.22" metricValueMin="4.32" pageId="13" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="727.0" valueMax="1022.0" valueMin="432.0">432‒1022 m</quantity>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D77FFA5D211FCF4FF4AF725FF20" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[807,1025,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Silvesterina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvibranchialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAE6FFA5D211FCF4FF4AF725FF20" box="[807,1025,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="160">B. parvibranchialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336F4FFA5D211FF14FF28F197FEB4" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="160">Ideally, the largest specimen would have been chosen as the holotype, but that specimen has a damaged tail and is missing a few vertebrae at the posterior end. The second-largest specimen, USNM 93376, has a complete vertebral column and was selected on that basis.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |