323 lines
37 KiB
XML
323 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="B3054B0B2209B6E798C4F44FF4BBF937" ID-DOI="10.24349/acarologia/20184255" ID-ISSN="2107-7207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5399530" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630332451418" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Ueckermann, Edward A., Palevsky, Eric, Gerson, Uri, Recht, Eitan & Theron, Pieter D." docDate="2018" docId="03C587957526FF8CD3FEFC99FCA6A641" docLanguage="en" docName="Acarologia.2018.58.2.483-525.pdf" docOrigin="Acarologia 58 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184255" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0387F17C4AF9F8D6336E46CC5E5664D0.6:Acarologia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="0387F17C4AF9F8D6336E46CC5E5664D0" docStyleName="Acarologia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor 1949" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="491" masterDocId="FFFCFFED7521FF85D215FF96FFC7A451" masterDocTitle="The Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) of Israel" masterLastPageNumber="525" masterPageNumber="483" pageNumber="489" updateTime="1699231295567" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BEC92BA5F1688DE0B2D27ED95A413516">
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<mods:title id="0A66DC2E707A0BE958A1FB564C83103B">The Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) of Israel</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C9EC42394D4DCDE531904DC48C5DA660">Ueckermann, Edward A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8205C4A94DC55D3F8A4FB04106F134BD">Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus 2520, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8B8BF1543F267BBA8546CFC49A09E8EF">Palevsky, Eric</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="35134247115650C05C4248D53741861D">Department of Entomology, Newe-Ya’ar Reseach Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), P. O. Box 1012, 30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="542C0B3EA218E6FB2433E42A9067FF47">Gerson, Uri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A4561807E8C9058174DBBC59C5021D0">Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, POB 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1A8F9F5558534C70F32928CBA779841A">Recht, Eitan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="93CB404E63F85F0E7C40886F44509F5F">Department of Diagnosis and Identification of Pests and Diseases, Plant Protection and Inspection Services, POB 78 Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C3F4129FBD10757C6A2837CD37CB5F57">Theron, Pieter D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A39EB136610F02641EF33D923ED6C274">Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus 2520, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CBED6F5DD09A4BD954A1DF3D5346815F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="339C431DF2C1F9B42290399DF00E3003">Acarologia</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="10D6A38F233067581FD80B357A1F58D3">
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<mods:date id="323DE7E373913CA52C9570AF61B99F42">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5AD80597AC8BE5754D4C4FB36EC41A52">2018-04-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BAE525D2636A813A84996FA201A94265">58</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E43C23F8FF03C9B09DCBC25D288DD03D" type="DOI">10.24349/acarologia/20184255</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="089FE5D28A715C38AF1F87CE74B62427" type="ISSN">2107-7207</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C587957526FF8CD3FEFC99FCA6A641" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587957526FF8CD3FEFC99FCA6A641" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587957526FF8CD3FEFC99FCA6A641" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
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<subSubSection id="C37665087526FF82D3FEFC99FB83A77A" box="[491,1092,783,811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D3FEFC99FB83A77A" blockId="7.[491,1092,783,811]" box="[491,1092,783,811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
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<heading id="D09B81EF7526FF82D3FEFC99FB83A77A" bold="true" box="[491,1092,783,811]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D3FEFC99FB83A77A" bold="true" box="[491,1092,783,811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D007526FF82D3FEFC99FC72A77A" ID-CoL="5X39Z" authority="McGregor, 1949" authorityName="McGregor" authorityYear="1949" box="[491,949,783,811]" class="Arachnida" family="Tenuipalpidae" genus="Brevipalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lewisi">
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D3FEFC99FD20A77A" bold="true" box="[491,743,783,811]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Brevipalpus lewisi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D0E5FC99FC72A77A" author="Mcgregor E. A." box="[752,949,783,811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref17317" refString="Mcgregor E. A. 1949. Nearctic mites of the family Pseudoleptidae. Memoir of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 3 (2): 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1949">McGregor, 1949</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13572A067526FF82D1D0FC99FBFEA77A" box="[965,1081,783,811]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[119,186,1864,1885]" captionTargetBox="[247,1355,318,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-2@8.[231,1367,318,1811]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5 Brevipalpus lewisiMcGregor – Female: A – dorsal view; B – opisthogaster; C – sermatheca; Deutonymph: D – dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5399540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5399540/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37665087526FF82D3FEFCD0FA2EA229" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D3FEFCD0FC3EA001" blockId="7.[491,1519,838,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
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Diagnosis (Female) — Prodorsum weakly to strongly wrinkled or folded medially, can also appear like areolae, laterally with elongated cells forming a reticulation, opisthosoma smooth or wrinkled between setae
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D11BFC1DFC8FA7F2" box="[782,840,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">c1-c1</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D16AFC1DFC7EA7F2" box="[895,953,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">e1-e1</emphasis>
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with weak to strong V-shaped folds posterior to
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D3FEFC3BFDE1A794" box="[491,550,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
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e1-
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5850447526FF82D018FC3BFDE1A794" box="[525,550,941,965]" degrees="1, 3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" precision="5555" value="1.3">e1</geoCoordinate>
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</emphasis>
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, 3 pairs of dorsocentral setae different in shape to dorsolateral setae
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D70FFC3BFAE1A794" box="[1306,1318,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">f</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D733FC3BFAE8A794" box="[1318,1327,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">2</emphasis>
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present) (
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<figureCitation id="13572A067526FF82D789FC3BFDD7A7B9" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[119,186,1864,1885]" captionTargetBox="[247,1355,318,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-2@8.[231,1367,318,1811]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5 Brevipalpus lewisiMcGregor – Female: A – dorsal view; B – opisthogaster; C – sermatheca; Deutonymph: D – dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5399540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5399540/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Fig 5A</figureCitation>
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); spermatheca terminating into a small rounded vesicle with a series of short projections and clear internal “bubble” (
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<figureCitation id="13572A067526FF82D13AFC65FC45A05A" box="[815,898,1011,1035]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[119,186,1864,1885]" captionTargetBox="[247,1355,318,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-2@8.[231,1367,318,1811]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5 Brevipalpus lewisiMcGregor – Female: A – dorsal view; B – opisthogaster; C – sermatheca; Deutonymph: D – dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5399540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5399540/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Fig 5C</figureCitation>
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); genital and ventral shields with reticulations forming transverse bands (
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<figureCitation id="13572A067526FF82D0A3FB83FCCDA07C" box="[694,778,1045,1069]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[119,186,1864,1885]" captionTargetBox="[247,1355,318,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-2@8.[231,1367,318,1811]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5 Brevipalpus lewisiMcGregor – Female: A – dorsal view; B – opisthogaster; C – sermatheca; Deutonymph: D – dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5399540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5399540/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Fig 5B</figureCitation>
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); palp femur seta slender, tapered and barbed; tarsus II with one solenidion (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D07BFBAEFCF1A001" author="Beard J. J. & Ochoa R. & Bauchan G. R. & Trice M. D. & Redford A. J. & Walters T. W. & Mitter C." box="[622,822,1080,1104]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" refId="ref15669" refString="Beard J. J., Ochoa R., Bauchan G. R., Trice M. D., Redford A. J., Walters T. W., Mitter C. 2015 b. Flat Mites of the World. Available from: http: // idtools. org / id / mites / flatmites / (AccessedonFeb 2015)" type="url" year="2015">
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Beard
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D0A5FBAFFD35A001" box="[688,754,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">et al.,</emphasis>
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2015b
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D154FBAEFC29A001" author="Hao D. - J. & Su P. & Pfammatter J. & Liu Q. & Fan B. - Q. & Wang Y. & Gu T. Z." box="[833,1006,1080,1104]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="34 - 40" refId="ref16628" refString="Hao D. - J., Su P., Pfammatter J., Liu Q., Fan B. - Q., Wang Y., Gu T. Z. 2016. Morphological and genetic characteristics of Brevipalpus lewisi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and comparison with other Brevipalpus species. International Journal of Acarology, 42 (1): 34 - 40. doi: 10.1080 / 01647954.2015.1114022" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Hao
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D160FBAFFC63A001" box="[885,932,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
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., 2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D006FBCCFA1DA023" blockId="7.[491,1519,838,1207]" box="[531,1498,1114,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
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Deutonymph — Prodorsum with setae
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D1A2FBCCFC37A023" box="[951,1008,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">sc1-2</emphasis>
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broadly lanceolate. Opisthosoma with setae
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D3FEFBEBFA1FA0E6" blockId="7.[491,1519,838,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D3FEFBEBFDC3A0C4" box="[491,516,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">c3</emphasis>
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and the 4 pairs of caudolateral setae
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D18FFBEBFC61A0C4" box="[922,934,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">f</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D1B0FBEBFC69A0C4" box="[933,942,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">2</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D1A9FBEBFC17A0C4" box="[956,976,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">f3</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D1CBFBEBFC3EA0C4" box="[990,1017,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">h2</emphasis>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D613FBEBFBE6A0C4" box="[1030,1057,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">h1</emphasis>
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) broadly lanceolate and about as long as intervals between them, rest minute and smooth or slightly serrate (
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<figureCitation id="13572A067526FF82D6AFFB09FACCA0E6" box="[1210,1291,1183,1207]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[119,186,1864,1885]" captionTargetBox="[247,1355,318,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-2@8.[231,1367,318,1811]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5 Brevipalpus lewisiMcGregor – Female: A – dorsal view; B – opisthogaster; C – sermatheca; Deutonymph: D – dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5399540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5399540/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Fig 5D</figureCitation>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D709FB09FA0AA0E6" author="Beard J. J. & Ochoa R. & Bauchan G. R. & Trice M. D. & Redford A. J. & Walters T. W. & Mitter C." box="[1308,1485,1183,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" refId="ref15669" refString="Beard J. J., Ochoa R., Bauchan G. R., Trice M. D., Redford A. J., Walters T. W., Mitter C. 2015 b. Flat Mites of the World. Available from: http: // idtools. org / id / mites / flatmites / (AccessedonFeb 2015)" type="url" year="2015">
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Beard
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D75DFB36FABBA0E6" box="[1352,1404,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2015b
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D006FB73FA4EA240" blockId="7.[491,1521,1252,1587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
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Hosts and localities — In
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<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D139FB72FCA0A0AD" box="[812,871,1252,1276]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Israel</collectingCountry>
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it was collected from “Blue Serbian vines”, at Nachshonim (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D3E6FA91FD17A14E" author="Bytinski-Salez H." box="[499,720,1287,1311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="15 - 48" refId="ref15869" refString="Bytinski-Salez H. 1966. An annotated list of insects and mites introduced into Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 1: 15 - 48." type="journal article" year="1966">Bytinski-Salez, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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), but could not be found again till recently in Mizpe Ramon on petit vardo leaves. Other overseas hosts are: lemon, walnut, Boston ivy, grape, pistachio, pomegranate,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D007526FF82D3FEFADBFC82A135" authority="(Dawn Redwood)" baseAuthorityName="Dawn Redwood" box="[491,837,1356,1380]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Metasequoia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D3FEFADBFDBCA135" box="[491,635,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Metasequoia</emphasis>
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(Dawn Redwood)
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</taxonomicName>
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and many ornamental plants (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D69CFADAFA8FA135" author="Jeppson L. R. & Keifer H. H. & Baker E. W." box="[1161,1352,1356,1380]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" refId="ref16988" refString="Jeppson L. R., Keifer H. H., Baker E. W. 1975. Mites injurious to economic plants. University of California" type="book" year="1975">
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||
Jeppson
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D6C2FADBFACAA135" box="[1239,1293,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1975
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was also reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D09EFAF8FD24A1D7" box="[651,739,1390,1414]" name="Algeria" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D0FBFAF8FC95A1D7" box="[750,850,1390,1414]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D14BFAF8FC05A1D7" box="[862,962,1390,1414]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D1D8FAF8FBE2A1D7" box="[973,1061,1390,1414]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D624FAF8FBB1A1D7" box="[1073,1142,1390,1414]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D694FAF9FB00A1D6" box="[1153,1223,1391,1415]" name="Egypt" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D6C6FAF8FAE6A1D7" box="[1235,1313,1390,1414]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D739FAF8FAACA1D7" box="[1324,1387,1390,1414]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D762FAF9FA63A1D7" box="[1399,1444,1391,1414]" name="Iran" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D7BAFAF9FA2AA1D7" box="[1455,1517,1391,1414]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D3FEFA07FD89A1F8" box="[491,590,1425,1449]" name="Lebanon" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D04FFA07FD69A1F8" box="[602,686,1425,1449]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D0ACFA07FCCDA1F8" box="[697,778,1425,1449]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D103FA07FCA4A1F8" box="[790,867,1425,1449]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D17BFA07FC64A1F8" box="[878,931,1425,1449]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and former
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D63BFA07FB6EA1F8" box="[1070,1193,1425,1449]" name="Serbia" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Yugoslavia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D6ADFA07FAF8A1F8" author="Attiah H. H." box="[1208,1343,1425,1449]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="433 - 477" refId="ref15356" refString="Attiah H. H. 1956. The genus Brevipalpus in Egypt (Acarina: Tenuipalpidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, 40: 433 - 477." type="journal article" year="1956">Attiah, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D75EFA07FA03A1F8" author="Baker E. W." box="[1355,1476,1425,1449]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="350 - 402" refId="ref15418" refString="Baker E. W. 1949. The genus Brevipalpus (Acarina: Pseudoleptidae). The American Midland Naturalist, 42 (2): 350 - 402. doi: 10.2307 / 2422013" type="journal article" year="1949">Baker, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D3FEFA22FD01A19D" author="Baker E. W. & Tuttle D. M." box="[491,710,1460,1484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref15502" refString="Baker E. W., Tuttle D. M. 1964. The false spider mite of Arizona (Acarina: Tenuipalpidae). Agricultural Experiment Station, University Arizona, Technical Bulletin, 163: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1964">Baker & Tuttle,1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D0C7FA22FD3DA19D" author="Baker E. W. & Tuttle D. M." box="[722,762,1460,1484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref15543" refString="Baker E. W., Tuttle D. M. 1987. The false spider mite of Mexico (Tenuipalpidae: Acari). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Technical Bulletin, 1706: 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D110FA22FC40A19D" author="Ehara S." box="[773,903,1460,1484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="234 - 238" refId="ref16222" refString="Ehara S. 1956. Two false spider mites from Japanese orchards (Phytoptipalpidae). Annotationes Zoologicae Japonensis, 29 (4): 234 - 238." type="journal article" year="1956">Ehara, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D181FA22FB89A19D" author="Hatzinikolis E. N." box="[916,1102,1460,1484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="67 - 76" refId="ref16735" refString="Hatzinikolis E. N. 1982. New phytophagous mites found in Greece. Agricultural Research, 6: 67 - 76." type="journal article" year="1982">Hatzinikolis, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D64CFA22FB41A19D" author="Hatzinikolis E. N." box="[1113,1158,1460,1484]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" refId="ref16788" refString="Hatzinikolis E. N. 1986. The genus Brevipalpus in Greece (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Entomologia Hellenica," type="book" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1987;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D6D0FA22FDA0A1BF" author="Khosrowshahi M. & Arbabi M." pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref17113" refString="Khosrowshahi M., Arbabi M. 1997. The Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of Iran with introduction of new species for the world fauna and Iran. Ministry of Agriculture, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1997">Khosrowshahi & Arbabi,1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D066FA41FCDBA1BF" author="Ma E. P. & Yuan Y." box="[627,796,1494,1518]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="119 - 123" refId="ref17289" refString="Ma E. P., Yuan Y. 1977. Uber Tenuipalpus and Brevipalpus in China. Bulletin University Jiangxi, 1: 119 - 123." type="journal article" year="1977">Ma & Yuan,1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D13DFA40FC09A1BF" author="Mcgregor E. A." box="[808,974,1494,1518]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref17317" refString="Mcgregor E. A. 1949. Nearctic mites of the family Pseudoleptidae. Memoir of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 3 (2): 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1949">McGregor,1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D1CFFA40FB52A1BF" author="Smith Meyer M. K. P." box="[986,1173,1494,1518]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref18084" refString="Smith Meyer M. K. P. 1979. The Tenuipalpidae (Acari) of Africa with keys to the world fauna. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture Republic of South Africa, Pretoria, 50: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1979">Smith Meyer,1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D6B5FA40FDFAA240" author="Mitrofanov V. I. & Strunkova Z. I." pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref17402" refString="Mitrofanov V. I., Strunkova Z. I. 1979. A key to false spider mites. Operdelitl Kleshchei-ploskotelok, USSR, 148: 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1979">Mitrofanov & Strunkova,1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D052FA6FFC80A240" author="Pritchard E. A. & Baker E. W." box="[583,839,1529,1553]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref17433" refString="Pritchard E. A., Baker E. W. 1952. The false spider mites of California (Acarina: Phytoptipalpidae). University of California Publications in Entomology, 9: 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1952">Pritchard & Baker,1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D147FA6FFC47A240" author="Pritchard E. A. & Baker E. W." box="[850,896,1529,1553]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="175 - 274" refId="ref17471" refString="Pritchard E. A., Baker E. W. 1958. The false spider mites (Acarina: Tenuipalpidae). University of California Publications in Entomology, 14: 175 - 274." type="journal article" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D19EFA6FFBCDA240" author="Sadana G. L." box="[907,1034,1529,1553]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" refId="ref17822" refString="Sadana G. L. 1997. False spider mites infesting crops in India. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, pp 194." type="book" year="1997">Sadana,1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D600FA6FFAC5A240" author="Smiley R. I. & Gerson U." box="[1045,1282,1529,1553]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="33 - 45" refId="ref18031" refString="Smiley R. I., Gerson U. 1995. A review of the Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Prostigmata) of Australia with descriptions of two new genera and four new species. International Journal of Acarology, 21 (1): 33 - 45. doi: 10.1080 / 01647959508684041" type="journal article" year="1995">Smiley & Gerson,1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D71BFA6FFA42A240" author="Tseng Y. - H." box="[1294,1413,1529,1553]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="57 - 72" refId="ref18194" refString="Tseng Y. - H. 1974. Systematics and distribution of phytophagous and predatory mites on grape in Taiwan. Part I. Phytophagous mites. Journal of Agricultural Association of China, 88: 57 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Tseng,1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D3FEF98AFD59A262" blockId="7.[491,1521,1252,1587]" box="[491,670,1563,1587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D3FEF98AFD54A262" author="Hao D. - J. & Fan B. - Q. & Su P. & Liu Q. & Wang Y." box="[491,659,1563,1587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" refId="ref16563" refString="Hao D. - J., Fan B. - Q., Su P., Liu Q., Wang Y. 2013. The flat mite Brevipalpus lewisi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) infesting the Dawn Redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Systematic and Applied Acarology," type="book" year="2013">
|
||
Hao
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D00BF98AFD93A262" box="[542,596,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D006F9F6FA2EA229" blockId="7.[491,1534,1632,2036]" box="[531,1513,1632,1657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Symptoms — This mite is an important pest of oranges, tangerines and lemons in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F8617526FF82D768F9F6FA2EA229" box="[1405,1513,1632,1656]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37665087526FF8CD3FEF915FCA6A641" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D3FEF915FA39A2CA" blockId="7.[491,1534,1632,2036]" box="[491,1534,1667,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D3E6F915FDECA2CA" box="[499,555,1667,1691]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D079F915FD6CA2CB" box="[620,683,1667,1690]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Serious injury has not been recorded on grape fruit. The mites lay their red,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D3FEF933FA20A353" blockId="7.[491,1534,1632,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
|
||
oval eggs singly in depressions and crevices of fruit, twigs and leaves, apparently preferring any stage of fruit to twigs or leaves. They seem to prefer the stem end of citrus fruit near or under the fruit button and fruit depressions and cause a silvering of the fruit. In central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F8617526FF82D760F97CFA23A353" box="[1397,1508,1770,1794]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D3FEF89BFA31A374" blockId="7.[491,1534,1632,2036]" box="[491,1526,1805,1830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">they overwinter in the adult stage. Peak populations are reached during the warmest months.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D3FEF8B9FA2BA3DD" blockId="7.[491,1534,1632,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Feeding on fruit produces scab-like scars, starting from fruit depressions or from depressions produced by leafhoppers or other insects, or by any injury that ruptures the oil sacs in the citrus peels. As the mites continue to feed, the scabbed area may increase to cover most of the fruit.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D3FEF80EFA7AA3FE" blockId="7.[491,1534,1632,2036]" box="[491,1469,1943,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Damage results in reducing the grade of fruit (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D1EAF801FB4AA3FE" author="Reuther W." box="[1023,1165,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="383" refId="ref17574" refString="Reuther W. 1989. The Citrus Industry: Crop protection, postharvest technology and early history of citrus research in California. Vol 5. Ed: W. Reuther, E. C. Calavan, G. E. Carman. University of California, Division: pp 383." type="journal article" year="1989">Reuther, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D68DF80EFA93A3FE" author="Jeppson L. R. & Keifer H. H. & Baker E. W." box="[1176,1364,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" refId="ref16988" refString="Jeppson L. R., Keifer H. H., Baker E. W. 1975. Mites injurious to economic plants. University of California" type="book" year="1975">
|
||
Jeppson
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA917526FF82D6F6F80EFAD4A3FE" box="[1251,1299,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1975
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D74AF801FA7AA3FE" author="Elmer H. S. & Jeppson L. R." box="[1375,1469,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" refId="ref16290" refString="Elmer H. S., Jeppson L. R. 1957. Biology and control of the citrus flat mite. Elmer & Jeppson, 1957." type="book" year="1957">Elmer &</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF82D3FEF82CFA0BA383" blockId="7.[491,1534,1632,2036]" box="[491,1484,1978,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Jeppson, 1957). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D0B2F82CFD32A383" box="[679,757,1978,2002]" name="Greece" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is a pest of citrus, grapes, and pomegranates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D714F82CFA06A383" author="Hatzinikolis E. N." box="[1281,1473,1978,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" refId="ref16788" refString="Hatzinikolis E. N. 1986. The genus Brevipalpus in Greece (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Entomologia Hellenica," type="book" year="1986">Hatzinikolis, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336837526FF8CD3FEF84AFD43A513" blockId="7.[491,1534,1632,2036]" lastBlockId="9.[491,1513,229,322]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727526FF82D3FEF84AFD08A3A5" author="Bytinski-Salez H." box="[491,719,2012,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" pagination="15 - 48" refId="ref15869" refString="Bytinski-Salez H. 1966. An annotated list of insects and mites introduced into Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology, 1: 15 - 48." type="journal article" year="1966">Bytinski-Salez (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported it from “Blue Serbiam” vines in
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B667526FF82D682F84AFB1AA3A5" box="[1175,1245,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95808" pageId="7" pageNumber="489" unit="in" value="1952.0">1952 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137526FF82D6F6F84AFAE6A3A5" box="[1251,1313,2012,2036]" name="Israel" pageId="7" pageNumber="489">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, causing severe leaf chlorosis. It was recently collected again from under side of petit vardo leaves infested with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D007528FF8CD037FE9EFCDCA571" baseAuthorityName="Ugarov & Nikolskii" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[546,795,264,288]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Tetranychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkestani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA917528FF8CD037FE9EFCDCA571" box="[546,795,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="491">Tetranychus turkestani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Mizpe Ramon. It is not known as a vector of viruses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727528FF8CD764FE9EFDBEA513" author="Elmer H. S. & Jeppson L. R." pageId="9" pageNumber="491" refId="ref16290" refString="Elmer H. S., Jeppson L. R. 1957. Biology and control of the citrus flat mite. Elmer & Jeppson, 1957." type="book" year="1957">Elmer & Jeppson, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF13660B7529FF8DD262F8DEFA5EA30F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5399540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5399540" box="[119,1433,1864,1886]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5399540/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="490" startId="8.[119,186,1864,1885]" targetBox="[247,1355,318,1809]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336837529FF8DD262F8DEFA5EA30F" blockId="8.[119,1433,1864,1886]" box="[119,1433,1864,1886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA917529FF8DD262F8DEFF0BA30C" bold="true" box="[119,204,1864,1885]" pageId="8" pageNumber="490">Figure 5</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D007529FF8DD2CDF8DEFE3FA30F" authority="McGregor" authorityName="McGregor" authorityYear="1949" box="[216,504,1864,1886]" class="Arachnida" family="Tenuipalpidae" genus="Brevipalpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lewisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA917529FF8DD2CDF8DEFE49A30F" box="[216,398,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="490">Brevipalpus lewisi</emphasis>
|
||
McGregor
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Female: A – dorsal view; B – opisthogaster; C – sermatheca; Deutonymph: D – dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336837528FF8CD006FEF9FCA6A641" blockId="9.[491,1529,367,528]" pageId="9" pageNumber="491">
|
||
Biology and Ecology —
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA917528FF8CD10EFEE6FC67A5D6" box="[795,928,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="491">Overwinters</emphasis>
|
||
in adult stage on deciduous host plants such as grapes in California and is active throughout the year on citrus. Peak populations occur during warmest months (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727528FF8CD059FE22FCA3A59D" author="Rice R. & Weinberger G. B." box="[588,868,436,460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="491" pagination="25 - 26" refId="ref17627" refString="Rice R., Weinberger G. B. 1981. Citrus flat mite on pistachios in California. California Agriculture, 35 (7): 25 - 26." type="journal article" year="1981">Rice & Weinberger, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Number of annual generations is related to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D788217528FF8CD79FFE22FA71A59D" box="[1418,1462,436,460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="491">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of host, for example 4 on vines in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76137528FF8CD120FE40FC51A5BF" box="[821,918,470,494]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="491">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and California. It reproduces by thelytoky, as no males were found (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B727528FF8CD062FE6EFC91A641" author="Buchanan G. A. & Begston M. & Exley E. M." box="[631,854,504,528]" pageId="9" pageNumber="491" refId="ref15820" refString="Buchanan G. A., Begston M., Exley E. M. 1980. Population growth of Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor" type="book" year="1980">
|
||
Buchanan
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EA917528FF8CD0F1FE6FFCD4A641" box="[740,787,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="491">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |