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<document id="33F76282E8EEE0E1D966A1D363087F0D" ID-DOI="10.4314/met.v34i1.3" ID-ISSN="2307-5031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14119290" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1731462058305" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Libert, Michel" docDate="2023" docId="03B89467FF9CFF81FC89FA71FA17FE06" docLanguage="en" docName="Metamorphosis.34.29-34.pdf" docOrigin="Metamorphosis 34 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/met.v34i1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA.1:Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="73CBAE06DE6A380ACC54A94377F5FCBA" docStyleName="Metamorphosis.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Liptena durbania , Bethune-Baker 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FF81EC1FFF9CFF83FFB6FFF4FFA7FFBD" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on Liptena durbania Bethune-Baker, 1915 (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1734985902512" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="241E4B1E0D72ABB66103BEA35FEA76C5">Taxonomic notes on Liptena durbania Bethune-Baker, 1915 (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C30B76FAFF9CFF83FC89FA71FB51FA20" box="[831,1270,1413,1437]" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9CFF83FC89FA71FB51FA20" blockId="0.[831,1270,1413,1437]" box="[831,1270,1413,1437]" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0E6921DFF9CFF83FC89FA71FB51FA20" box="[831,1270,1413,1437]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9CFF83FC89FA71FB51FA20" ID-CoL="3VC8J" authority="Bethune-Baker, 1915" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[831,1270,1413,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9CFF83FC89FA71FB51FA20" bold="true" box="[831,1270,1413,1437]" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9CFF83FC89FA71FBA7FA20" bold="true" box="[831,1024,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Liptena durbania</emphasis>
Bethune-Baker, 1915
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B76FAFF9CFF81FC89FA4FFA2DFE95" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9CFF83FC89FA4FFBE0F936" blockId="0.[831,1456,1467,1675]" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
The description of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9CFF83FBA3FA48FB74FA6E" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[1045,1235,1467,1491]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9CFF83FBA3FA48FB74FA6E" box="[1045,1235,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Liptena durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is based on a male from Bitje (
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9CFF83FC09FA2EFB93FA4F" box="[959,1076,1498,1522]" name="Cameroon" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
), and the species is not uncommon in this country where some
<specimenCount id="9D17EEF8FF9CFF83FBC6FA0CFAA4F9AD" box="[1136,1283,1528,1552]" count="70" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="generic">70 specimens</specimenCount>
have now been collected (most of them in the ABRI collection). It has also been observed in neighboring countries:
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9CFF83FABBF9C2FAF3F9F3" box="[1293,1364,1590,1614]" name="Gabon" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Gabon</collectingCountry>
(Vande weghe, 2010: 248 and pl. 106), Congo (Stempffer, 1965: 1454) and
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9CFF83FC04F987FC4FF936" box="[946,1000,1651,1675]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">CAR</collectingCountry>
(ABRI).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9CFF83FC89F95EFACEF805" blockId="0.[831,1456,1706,1976]" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<bibRefCitation id="EF805880FF9CFF83FC89F95EFBB8F97F" author="D'ABRERA, B." box="[831,1055,1706,1730]" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" refId="ref4227" refString="D'ABRERA, B. 2009. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. (New and revised edition). Part III, Lycaenidae, Riodinidae. Hill House, Melbourne, London, 260 pp." type="book" year="2009">D'Abrera (2009:649)</bibRefCitation>
limits the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9CFF83FA87F95FFA08F97F" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[1329,1455,1706,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9CFF83FA87F95FFA08F97F" box="[1329,1455,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9CFF83FCEDF93DFC6DF95C" box="[859,970,1737,1761]" name="Cameroon" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9CFF83FC4AF93DFBE2F95C" box="[1020,1093,1737,1761]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Congo</collectingCountry>
, but Williams (2022) mentions its presence in northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9CFF83FBFFF913FB24F942" box="[1097,1155,1767,1791]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">DRC</collectingCountry>
, citing
<bibRefCitation id="EF805880FF9CFF83FB66F91CFA0CF942" author="DUCARME" box="[1232,1451,1767,1791]" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="22 - 36" refId="ref4263" refString="DUCARME. R. 2018. The butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Metamorphosis 29: 22 - 36." type="journal article" year="2018">Ducarme (2018: 31)</bibRefCitation>
. However, Ducarme (
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9CFF83FB92F8F2FBEAF8A3" box="[1060,1101,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">ibid</emphasis>
.) also mentions the existence in NE
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9CFF83FCDBF8D1FC04F880" box="[877,931,1829,1853]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">DRC</collectingCountry>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9CFF83FC79F8D2FA99F880" authority="Stempffer et al., 1974" authorityName="Stempffer" authorityYear="1974" box="[975,1342,1829,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9CFF83FC79F8D2FB9BF880" box="[975,1084,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">L. bergeri</emphasis>
Stempffer
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9CFF83FB0AF8D2FB52F880" box="[1212,1269,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
, 1974
</taxonomicName>
, a species which is only known by its
<typeStatus id="54AA9BD3FF9CFF83FB3EF8B7FB42F8E6" box="[1160,1253,1859,1883]" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from Kafakumba (southern
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9CFF83FC06F896FC4FF8C7" box="[944,1000,1890,1914]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">DRC</collectingCountry>
) and which, according to its authors, is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9CFF83FBACF876FB39F824" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[1050,1182,1921,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9CFF83FBACF876FB39F824" box="[1050,1182,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only by male genitalia. Obviously, this point deserves further investigation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9CFF82FC89F823FD52F81A" blockId="0.[831,1455,2007,2093]" lastBlockId="1.[132,757,1842,1959]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
A new visit to Robert Ducarme's collection first showed that, given their variability, it was impossible to distinguish two taxa among the specimens in this collection, then that the male genitalia of the single taxon (Figs. 6–8) are indeed close to those of
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FEFEF8A6FE1AF8D4" box="[328,445,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FEFEF8A6FE1EF8D4" box="[328,441,1873,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergeri">L. bergeri</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which are illustrated in the description of this species (Stempffer
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FD9CF885FDC4F835" box="[554,611,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
, 1974 – Fig. 49), side by side with those of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FE73F864FDE4F81A" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[453,579,1935,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FE73F864FDE4F81A" box="[453,579,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FDE7F87BFDDDF81A" box="[593,634,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">ibid</emphasis>
. – Fig. 48).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6E75F9FF9DFF82FED0FD17FB6AFD44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14119294" box="[358,1229,739,761]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119294/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" startId="1.[358,426,739,760]" targetBox="[136,1456,117,704]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9DFF82FED0FD17FB6AFD44" blockId="1.[358,1229,739,761]" box="[358,1229,739,761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FED0FD17FE1BFD45" bold="true" box="[358,444,739,760]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Figure 1</emphasis>
– Map of Central Africa showing the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FC0FFD10FBC6FD44" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[953,1121,739,761]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FC0FFD10FBC6FD44" box="[953,1121,739,761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Liptena durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6E75F9FF9DFF82FF32F933FB5EF8AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14119298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119298/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" startId="1.[132,209,1735,1756]" targetBox="[136,1456,790,1699]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9DFF82FF32F933FB5EF8AE" blockId="1.[132,1455,1735,1812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FF32F933FEB0F961" bold="true" box="[132,279,1735,1756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Figures 2 to 8</emphasis>
– Male genitalia of
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FE51F93CFD0BF960" box="[487,684,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FE51F93CFD96F960" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[487,561,1736,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liptena</taxonomicName>
d.
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FDE2F933FD0BF960" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[596,684,1735,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">durbania</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FD0BF933FD5DF961" bold="true" box="[701,762,1735,1756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">2 to 5</emphasis>
. ♂ Ototomo, near Yaoundé, Cameroon; prep. Libert 120-205) and of
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FF32F917FE81F945" box="[132,294,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
L. d.
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FF00F916FE81F945" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[182,294,1762,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">eukrinoides</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FE82F917FECBF945" bold="true" box="[308,364,1763,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">6 to 8</emphasis>
. ♂ Kasuo, NE DRC; prep. Libert 120-206). 2, 6. Left lateral view of genitalia.
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FBDFF917FBD2F945" bold="true" box="[1129,1141,1763,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">3</emphasis>
. Three-quarter posterior view of penis and fultura.
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FE84F90AFEF1F8AE" bold="true" box="[306,342,1790,1811]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">4, 7</emphasis>
. Ventral view of the valves.
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FDDDF90AFD28F8AE" bold="true" box="[619,655,1790,1811]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">5, 8</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of the uncus and of the dorsal part of the tegumen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9DFF82FF32F832FC4BF878" blockId="1.[132,756,1990,2106]" lastBlockId="1.[831,1455,1842,1989]" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
As far as can be judged from Fig. 49, the main, and perhaps the only, difference is the much more indented uncus of the
<collectingRegion id="49D5EB93FF9DFF82FF32F7F7FF1EF7A6" box="[132,185,2051,2075]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Kivu</collectingRegion>
males, which are therefore closer in this character to
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FF32F7D7FEA1F787" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[132,262,2082,2106]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FF32F7D7FEA1F787" box="[132,262,2082,2106]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 48). On the other hand, we find in the
<collectingRegion id="49D5EB93FF9DFF82FC89F8C6FCD3F8F7" box="[831,884,1842,1866]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">Kivu</collectingRegion>
males the wide ventral plate of the valves which distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FC65F8A5FB86F8D4" box="[979,1057,1873,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FC65F8A5FB86F8D4" box="[979,1057,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">bergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FBD0F8A6FB41F8D4" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[1126,1254,1873,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FBD0F8A6FB41F8D4" box="[1126,1254,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(it is possible that there are minor differences in the shape of the subunci or the dorsal tip of the valves, but the figures do not make it possible to say).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9DFF81FC89F810FEC4FF71" blockId="1.[831,1455,2020,2106]" lastBlockId="2.[132,755,119,204]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">
There is therefore in Kivu a taxon fairly close to both
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FC89F7F0FC19F7A6" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[831,958,2051,2075]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FC89F7F0FC19F7A6" box="[831,958,2051,2075]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FC45F7F0FBF9F7A6" box="[1011,1118,2051,2075]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FC45F7F0FBF9F7A6" box="[1011,1118,2051,2075]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">L. bergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The proximity of this taxon to
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9DFF82FC89F7D7FC1AF787" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[831,957,2082,2106]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9DFF82FC89F7D7FC1AF787" box="[831,957,2082,2106]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="30">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is confirmed by the relatively clear but limited facies differences and the DNA barcode analysis which shows a difference of about 1% between the populations of
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9EFF81FF32FF40FF54FF71" box="[132,243,180,204]" name="Cameroon" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
and Kivu.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9EFF81FF32FF1BFDF7FE98" blockId="2.[132,756,238,293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
Two other taxa also similar to both
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FDB2FF1BFD24FEBB" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[516,643,238,262]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FDB2FF1BFD24FEBB" box="[516,643,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to the specimens from
<collectingRegion id="49D5EB93FF9EFF81FE82FEF9FECEFE98" box="[308,361,269,293]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Kivu</collectingRegion>
have been described.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9EFF81FF32FEB3FD88FCF7" blockId="2.[132,756,327,842]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32FEB3FF79FEE2" box="[132,222,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">obsoleta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF805880FF9EFF81FF50FEB3FE27FEE2" author="DUFRANE, A." box="[230,384,327,351]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" pagination="41 - 57" refId="ref4291" refString="DUFRANE, A. 1953. Lepidopteres du Kivu (5 e note). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 89 (I - II): 41 - 57." type="journal article" year="1953">Dufrane, 1953</bibRefCitation>
was described as a female form of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FF32FE92FE4CFEC0" authority="(Dufrane, 1953: 49)" baseAuthorityName="Dufrane" baseAuthorityPageNumber="49" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[132,491,357,381]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrines">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32FE92FF58FEC0" box="[132,255,357,381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. eukrines</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF805880FF9EFF81FEA4FE91FE44FEC0" author="DUFRANE, A." box="[274,483,357,381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" pagination="41 - 57" refId="ref4291" refString="DUFRANE, A. 1953. Lepidopteres du Kivu (5 e note). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 89 (I - II): 41 - 57." type="journal article" year="1953">Dufrane, 1953: 49</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Williams (2022) treats
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32FE70FF79FE21" box="[132,222,388,412]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">obsoleta</emphasis>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FE72FE71FDE4FE21" baseAuthorityName="Dufrane" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[452,579,388,412]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrines">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FE72FE71FDE4FE21" box="[452,579,388,412]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. eukrines</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is also considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FE1AFE50FF1DFE64" authority="Collins &amp; Larsen, 2008" authorityName="Collins &amp; Larsen, 2008 sensu Collins &amp; Larsen" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minziro">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FE1AFE50FDB9FE06" box="[428,542,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. minziro</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF805880FF9EFF81FD9DFE57FF1DFE64" author="COLLINS, S. C. &amp; LARSEN, T. B." pageId="2" pageNumber="31" pagination="42 - 113" refId="ref4180" refString="COLLINS, S. C. &amp; LARSEN, T. B. 2008. Eighteen new species, five new subspecies, and interesting data on other African butterflies - 4 th ABRI Research paper. Metamorphosis 19 (2): 42 - 113." type="journal article" year="2008">
Collins &amp; Larsen,
<quantity id="4CE98894FF9EFF81FF32FE35FF1DFE64" box="[132,186,449,473]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10032" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="2008.0">2008</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the description of this species close to
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FDCBFE36FE19FE45" authority="(Collins &amp; Larsen, 2008: 56)" baseAuthorityName="Collins &amp; Larsen" baseAuthorityPageNumber="56" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrines">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FDCBFE36FD54FE64" box="[637,755,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. eukrines</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF805880FF9EFF81FF3DFE14FE11FE45" author="COLLINS, S. C. &amp; LARSEN, T. B." box="[139,438,480,504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" pagination="42 - 113" refId="ref4180" refString="COLLINS, S. C. &amp; LARSEN, T. B. 2008. Eighteen new species, five new subspecies, and interesting data on other African butterflies - 4 th ABRI Research paper. Metamorphosis 19 (2): 42 - 113." type="journal article" year="2008">Collins &amp; Larsen, 2008: 56</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; these decisions can only be explained by the fact that no illustration of the
<typeStatus id="54AA9BD3FF9EFF81FDCDFE0BFD0EFDAA" box="[635,681,511,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
exists. Indeed, although the type-locality is in
<collectingRegion id="49D5EB93FF9EFF81FDDBFDE9FD54FD88" box="[621,755,541,565]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">South Kivu</collectingRegion>
(Kamituga, near Mwenga, south of Bukavu),
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FDC8FDC8FD7FFDE9" box="[638,728,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">obsoleta</emphasis>
is neither illustrated nor even mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EF805880FF9EFF81FDEFFDA8FD54FDCE" author="BERGER, L. A." box="[601,755,603,628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refId="ref4123" refString="BERGER, L. A. 1981. Les papillons du Zaire. Weissenbruch, Bruxelles, 543 pp., 213 plates." type="book" year="1981">Berger (1981)</bibRefCitation>
(probably because the
<typeStatus id="54AA9BD3FF9EFF81FEC1FD8EFE02FD2F" box="[375,421,634,658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
is not in the MRAC collection but in that of the RBINS). Thanks to Stefan Kerkhof, it could be photographed, and the photos show beyond a shadow of a doubt that the specimen is much closer to
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FF32FD01FEA5FCB1" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[132,258,756,780]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32FD01FEA5FCB1" box="[132,258,756,780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FEC6FD01FE52FCB1" box="[368,501,756,780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FEC6FD01FE49FCB1" baseAuthorityName="Collins &amp; Larsen" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[368,494,756,780]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrines">L. eukrines</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This provides further evidence that a good illustration is more useful than a description, however detailed it may be.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9EFF81FF32FC9DFDDAFC60" blockId="2.[132,756,873,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
It is therefore very likely that the
<typeStatus id="54AA9BD3FF9EFF81FE5AFC9DFDBDFC3C" box="[492,538,873,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FD89FC9DFD3EFC3C" box="[575,665,873,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">obsoleta</emphasis>
belongs to the same taxon as the specimens collected further north [see the case of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FEF2FC53FD38FC03" authority="Dufrane, 1953" authorityName="Dufrane" authorityYear="1953" box="[324,671,934,958]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamitugensis">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FEF2FC53FE56FC03" box="[324,497,934,958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. kamitugensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF805880FF9EFF81FE4BFC52FD38FC03" author="DUFRANE, A." box="[509,671,934,958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" pagination="41 - 57" refId="ref4291" refString="DUFRANE, A. 1953. Lepidopteres du Kivu (5 e note). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 89 (I - II): 41 - 57." type="journal article" year="1953">Dufrane, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, whose type-locality is also Kamituga (Libert, 2022a)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9EFF81FF32FC08FE3FFA39" blockId="2.[132,757,1020,1412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FF32FC08FE3EFBA9" ID-CoL="3VC8N" authority="Talbot, 1937" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[132,409,1020,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32FC08FEA7FBA9" box="[132,256,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">eukrinoides</emphasis>
Talbot, 1937
</taxonomicName>
was described as a species of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FF32FBEFFF72FB8F" ID-CoL="9CJ2N" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[132,213,1051,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32FBEFFF72FB8F" box="[132,213,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Liptena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<specimenCount id="9D17EEF8FF9EFF81FE94FBEFFE62FB8E" box="[290,453,1051,1075]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
collected in south-western
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9EFF81FF32FBCDFF7DFBEC" box="[132,218,1081,1105]" name="Uganda" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Uganda</collectingCountry>
. Although Talbot compares
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FD83FBCEFD6AFBEC" ID-CoL="3VC8N" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[565,717,1081,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FD83FBCEFD6AFBEC" box="[565,717,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. eukrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FF32FBADFDA3FBCD" ID-CoL="3VC8L" authority="Bethune-Baker, 1926" authorityName="Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1926" box="[132,516,1112,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinaria">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32FBADFEB7FBCD" box="[132,272,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. eukrinaria</emphasis>
Bethune-Baker, 1926
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="54AA9BD3FF9EFF81FD8AFBADFDCDFBCC" box="[572,618,1113,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
of the latter (photographed at NHM in 1996) looks much more like
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FF32FB62FEA5FB10" ID-CoL="3VC8J" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[132,258,1173,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32FB62FEA5FB10" box="[132,258,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than like
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FEDBFB62FDA0FB10" ID-CoL="3VC8N" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[365,519,1173,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FEDBFB62FDA0FB10" box="[365,519,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. eukrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. More recently, about
<specimenCount id="9D17EEF8FF9EFF81FF32FB41FEF3FB71" box="[132,340,1204,1229]" count="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="generic">twenty specimens</specimenCount>
were collected in north-western
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9EFF81FF32FB27FF41FB56" box="[132,230,1235,1259]" name="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(Minziro, not far from the type-locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FF32FB06FEBBFAB4" ID-CoL="3VC8N" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[132,284,1265,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32FB06FEBBFAB4" box="[132,284,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. eukrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), by Jan Kielland and then by ABRI collectors (
<bibRefCitation id="EF805880FF9EFF81FF4AFAE4FE3AFA95" author="KIELLAND, J." box="[252,413,1296,1320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refId="ref4359" refString="KIELLAND, J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania, Hill House, Melbourne, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland, 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF805880FF9EFF81FE1EFAE4FD41FA95" author="CONGDON, T. C. &amp; COLLINS, S." box="[424,742,1296,1320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refId="ref4147" refString="CONGDON, T. C. E &amp; COLLINS, S. C 1998. Kielland's butterflies of Tanzania. 143 pp., 5 plates. Supplement: ABRI - Lambillionea." type="book" year="1998">Congdon &amp; Collins, 1998: 60</bibRefCitation>
). All of these specimens are in the ABRI collection, and photos sent by S. Collins do not show any differences with the specimens from Kivu.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9EFF81FF32FA57FED9F92F" blockId="2.[132,756,1443,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
The genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FE83FA50FE6AFA06" ID-CoL="3VC8N" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[309,461,1443,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FE83FA50FE6AFA06" box="[309,461,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. eukrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have not been described or figured, nor were they examined by Stempffer (1967: 54), but the abdomen of male from Minziro was sent by S. Collins, and dissection showed genitalia identical to those of the males from
<collectingRegion id="49D5EB93FF9EFF81FE31F9EAFE1AF98B" box="[391,445,1566,1590]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Kivu</collectingRegion>
(Figs 6–8). It follows 1) that
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FF32F9C9FEA7F9E8" ID-CoL="3VC8N" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[132,256,1597,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32F9C9FEA7F9E8" box="[132,256,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">eukrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the name that should apply to specimens from
<collectingRegion id="49D5EB93FF9EFF81FF7AF9AFFEA3F9CE" box="[204,260,1627,1651]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Kivu</collectingRegion>
, and 2) that
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FE07F9AFFDABF9CE" box="[433,524,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">obsoleta</emphasis>
is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FF32F98EFEA7F92F" ID-CoL="3VC8N" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[132,256,1658,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32F98EFEA7F92F" box="[132,256,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">eukrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FEA6F98EFED3F92F" bold="true" box="[272,372,1658,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">syn. nov.</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9EFF81FF32F946FDADF8FE" blockId="2.[132,757,1713,1860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
It therefore appears that there are three allopatric taxa (map,
<figureCitation id="132A39F4FF9EFF81FF7CF924FEAFF955" box="[202,264,1744,1768]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[358,426,739,760]" captionTargetBox="[136,1456,117,704]" captionTargetId="figure-297@1.[136,1456,117,704]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1 – Map of Central Africa showing the distribution of Liptena durbania subspecies" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14119294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14119294/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FE94F925FE06F955" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[290,417,1744,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FE94F925FE06F955" box="[290,417,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FE07F925FDEDF955" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[433,586,1744,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FE07F925FDEDF955" box="[433,586,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. eukrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FD34F925FD4AF955" box="[642,749,1744,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FD34F925FD4AF955" box="[642,749,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. bergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose facies are not very different and for which it is necessary to determine whether it is justified to treat them as species distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FE32F8D9FDA5F8F9" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[388,514,1836,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FE32F8D9FDA5F8F9" box="[388,514,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9EFF81FF32F897FDBFF848" blockId="2.[132,756,1891,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
The barcode of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FE9EF897FE03F8C6" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[296,420,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FE9EF897FE03F8C6" box="[296,420,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">eukrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FDC7F890FD53F8C6" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[625,756,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FDC7F890FD53F8C6" box="[625,756,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(∆ ≈ 1%), whilst male genitalia bring it closer to
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FD29F875FD4AF824" box="[671,749,1921,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FD29F875FD4AF824" box="[671,749,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">bergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose barcode has not been sequenced. The female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FEBEF84BFE23F86A" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[264,388,1983,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FEBEF84BFE23F86A" box="[264,388,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">eukrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FE0BF834FD9AF86A" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[445,573,1983,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FE0BF834FD9AF86A" box="[445,573,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also similar; but the female of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FEF6F82AFE29F84B" box="[320,398,2014,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FEF6F82AFE29F84B" box="[320,398,2014,2038]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">bergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9EFF81FF32F7E1FA2DFE95" blockId="2.[132,756,2069,2123]" lastBlockId="2.[831,1455,119,297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
These modest differences do not demonstrate whether
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FF32F7C7FEA7F7F6" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[132,256,2099,2123]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FF32F7C7FEA7F7F6" box="[132,256,2099,2123]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">eukrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closer to
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FE22F7C7FE51F7F6" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[404,502,2099,2123]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FE22F7C7FE51F7F6" box="[404,502,2099,2123]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or to
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FDF4F7C7FD37F7F6" box="[578,656,2099,2123]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergeri">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FDF4F7C7FD37F7F6" box="[578,656,2099,2123]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">bergeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the status quo could be maintained, with the three taxa as distinct species. However, the modesty of these differences, the allopatry of the three taxa, their close resemblance and the existence of intermediate specimens within the population of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FBD4FF06FB78FEB7" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[1122,1247,242,266]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FBD4FF06FB78FEB7" box="[1122,1247,242,266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">eukrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="49D5EB93FF9EFF81FAB8FF06FAE1FEB7" box="[1294,1350,242,266]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Kivu</collectingRegion>
, strongly suggests that there are three subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FAB2FEE5FA25FE95" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[1284,1410,272,296]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FAB2FEE5FA25FE95" box="[1284,1410,272,296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">L. durbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B76FAFF9EFF81FC89FEBDFA17FE06" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9EFF81FC89FEBDFB48FEE2" blockId="2.[831,1456,328,444]" box="[831,1263,328,352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FC89FEBDFC7EFEDD" box="[831,985,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
L. d.
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FCC1FEBCFC7EFEDD" authorityName=", Bethune-Baker" authorityYear="1915" box="[887,985,328,352]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbania">durbania</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9EFF81FB96FEBCFB28FEDD" box="[1056,1167,328,352]" name="Cameroon" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9EFF81FB07FEBCFB4FFEDD" box="[1201,1256,328,352]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">CAR</collectingCountry>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9EFF81FC89FE93FC16FE20" blockId="2.[831,1456,328,444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FC89FE93FC56FEC3" box="[831,1009,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
L. d.
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FCC3FE92FC56FEC3" authorityName="Talbot" authorityYear="1937" box="[885,1009,358,382]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eukrinoides">eukrinoides</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FBB7FE93FBC4FEC2" bold="true" box="[1025,1123,359,383]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">stat. rev.</emphasis>
; NE
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9EFF81FB2CFE92FB74FEC3" box="[1178,1235,358,382]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">DRC</collectingCountry>
, W
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9EFF81FB4BFE92FAF7FEC3" box="[1277,1360,358,382]" name="Uganda" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Uganda</collectingCountry>
and NW
<collectingCountry id="F30665E1FF9EFF81FC89FE71FC05FE20" box="[831,930,389,413]" name="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE2571FF9EFF81FC89FE50FA17FE06" blockId="2.[831,1456,328,444]" box="[831,1456,419,444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FC89FE50FC63FE06" box="[831,964,419,443]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">
L. d.
<taxonomicName id="4C115EF2FF9EFF81FCC0FE57FC63FE06" box="[886,964,419,443]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Liptena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergeri">bergeri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B965F963FF9EFF81FC65FE50FB92FE01" bold="true" box="[979,1077,420,444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31">stat. rev.</emphasis>
), which is only known from Shaba.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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