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<document id="55C3F5433569D9C94B3D133099D05765" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2771" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14603819" ID-ZooBank="4E810C5C-B478-4CDC-8AD3-9B4E65B518C4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1736153986991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reategui, Natália S., Rafael, José A. &amp; da Silva-Neto, Alberto M." docDate="2025" docId="03AE802CFFF8FFB8FDBBFA1BA049FDBD" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2025.976.1-32.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 976" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2771/12673" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Neurostigma willkeniae Reategui, Rafael &amp; Silva-Neto, 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FF97F854FFEBFFA0FFE2FFF6A214FF90" masterDocTitle="Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1737634574037" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="CB4C54E2F48065A341236C5B9DC64669" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="0FF666B9F32B193583C320A3CDD34340">Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900 (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Epipsocidae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest: new species and variations in forewings</mods:title>
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<mods:role id="0BEE09B5973B970D9234836361C2A013">
<mods:roleTerm id="CF4EC77C1B8CB6E9F331965A5C1CC760">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F540CCA1BC0B18AC3169AEA0D45EB7C8">Reategui, Natália S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CC95D37184276989FC75BC56CE5CF24E" type="LSID">01D8F890-075B-49B2-9479-979E425BCB20</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D07D1D675C62EF250F4F373E8F64D3B2">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, CPEN - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Campus II, Caixa postal 478, CEP 69011 - 97, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1D7692055E056693EC06178F3B2CE446" type="email">n.s.reategui@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="601C50064838B46B0341319ADE89D78B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A0CE0BAB6CE239A089C80F8A027650ED">
<mods:roleTerm id="DF947FF215DD9E28927FC3CCF0211437">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CBC24BF9158147969F9135E16509C19C">Rafael, José A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="033FD0EAEF887F31C1AB1AAA94709E68" type="LSID">947EF9B2-FBB4-4618-9695-156C82C462D0</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2D680819C9C58043888A207AF99834C3">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, CPEN - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Campus II, Caixa postal 478, CEP 69011 - 97, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F602D4461E4544877C46D671AC9CC608" type="email">jarafael@inpa.gov.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="64AB042BFAB7EA0C930B7DF2A1DBA4A3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4DB817B5734FFAED1B3744317A408B80">
<mods:roleTerm id="A17CDCA5D16DB4ADDE07593A50DEF262">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2F5E2271F0C5AA1BD351F8DE40AC2FD3">da Silva-Neto, Alberto M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0A3F189C2FD3C0119AEFC16B3364F268" type="LSID">816780D9-A6CD-4EF5-85EC-1B1333E0B210</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1C0965E552C9927514DCA323E8BB3C8A">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, CPEN - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Campus II, Caixa postal 478, CEP 69011 - 97, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9E80AA03BA5CC43ADD244ACC0B7F9717" type="email">bio.alberto@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1F98E6CA5A019A65252928DC985CA072">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4A961695729BCE5EEBCF8AAAE2932A80">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1D88FE17C1F365C3A7E91D16D5EF89BC">
<mods:date id="256215B25D78F72344C151A7683140EC">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F3E18455D05E659FC9721D4E9DCEC524">2025-01-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B24D95094AD034BA2D61DB40315293A5">976</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C4D783C3BBA4D592F666EDBBF548FC15">1</mods:start>
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<treatment id="03AE802CFFF8FFB8FDBBFA1BA049FDBD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE802CFFF8FFB8FDBBFA1BA049FDBD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE802CFFF8FFB8FDBBFA1BA049FDBD" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFF8FFB3FDBBFA1BA1CFF998" box="[601,987,1517,1544]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF8FFB3FDBBFA1BA1CFF998" blockId="19.[369,1220,1517,1614]" box="[601,987,1517,1544]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0F08656FFF8FFB3FDBBFA1BA1CFF998" box="[601,987,1517,1544]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF8FFB3FDBBFA1BA16DF998" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[601,889,1517,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willkeniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FDBBFA1BA16DF998" bold="true" box="[601,889,1517,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Neurostigma willkeniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFF8FFB3FC62FA18A1CFF998" box="[896,987,1518,1544]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFF8FFB3FE93F9E6A14FF9DE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF8FFB3FE93F9E6A6D0F9BB" blockId="19.[369,1220,1517,1614]" box="[369,1220,1552,1579]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<uri id="FF963D38FFF8FFB3FE93F9E6A6D0F9BB" box="[369,1220,1552,1579]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFA10BEFFFF8FFB3FD72F9E6A6D0F9BB" box="[656,1220,1552,1579]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2F344899-1DF5-45AB-9887-025DF52C9BEA</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF8FFB3FD3AF9C2A14FF9DE" blockId="19.[369,1220,1517,1614]" box="[728,859,1588,1614]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF8FFB3FD3AF9C2A14FF9DE" box="[728,859,1588,1614]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionStartId-1="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionStartId-2="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionStartId-3="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionStartId-4="23.[189,232,2008,2034]" captionTargetBox-0="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetBox-2="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetBox-3="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetBox-4="[311,1276,1285,1962]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetId-1="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetId-2="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetId-3="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetId-4="figure-12@23.[311,1276,1285,1967]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionTargetPageId-3="23" captionTargetPageId-4="23" captionText-0="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." captionText-1="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." captionText-2="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." captionText-3="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." captionText-4="Fig. 22. Geographic distribution of all known species of Neurostigma Enderlein, 1900." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603877" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/14603877/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 18–22</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFF8FFB3FF5FF983A0EBF824" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF8FFB3FF5FF983A322F91F" blockId="19.[189,310,1653,1679]" box="[189,310,1653,1679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0F08656FFF8FFB3FF5FF983A322F91F" bold="true" box="[189,310,1653,1679]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FF5FF983A322F91F" bold="true" box="[189,310,1653,1679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF8FFB3FF5FF952A0EBF824" blockId="19.[188,1401,1700,1973]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The new species belongs in species group II, of Mendivil-Nieto
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FC7DF953A1C6F92E" box="[927,978,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
. (2020). It is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF8FFB3FB03F953A33CF971" authorityName="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thorntoni">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FB03F953A33CF971" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Neurostigma thorntoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF8FFB3FED8F93EA3DCF971" authorityName="Gonzalez-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza, Mendivil-Nieto &amp; Garcia Aldrete" authorityYear="2021" box="[314,456,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lienhardi">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FED8F93EA3DCF971" box="[314,456,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. lienhardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF8FFB3FDEFF93EA0B4F971" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[525,672,1736,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FDEFF93EA0B4F971" box="[525,672,1736,1761]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFF8FFB3FD4BF93EA11CF972" box="[681,776,1736,1762]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in having anchor-shaped spines in the endophallus. It is closer to
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFF8FFB3FE81F91DA07BF894" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[355,623,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFF8FFB3FE81F91DA07BF894" box="[355,623,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Neurostigma spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the venation of the forewing, but it differs from it by having a spot between the base of the pterostigma and the Rs vein (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF8FFB3FC82F8FBA1FAF8B8" box="[864,1006,1805,1832]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 20A–B</figureCitation>
), and by having a robust posterior process of the aedeagal arch, with a slight indentation of the inner margin, and an abrupt relief on the external margin (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF8FFB3FE6AF8A2A3E1F8FE" box="[392,501,1876,1902]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
). The anterior region of the endophallus has a slight central indentation, and a field of spines close to the posterolateral margins with numerous small spines on the posterior edges, separated by a large membranous area (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF8FFB3FD6AF86CA0E6F824" box="[648,754,1946,1972]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7861B2FFFFFFB4FF5FF87EA3C2F879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFFFFB4FF5FF87EA3C2F879" blockId="20.[188,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FF5FF87EA30EF832" bold="true" box="[189,282,1928,1954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFFFFB4FEC3F87FA02CF832" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[289,568,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willkeniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FEC3F87FA02CF832" box="[289,568,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Neurostigma willkeniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFFFFFB4FDDDF87EA088F832" box="[575,668,1928,1954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038).
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FBDEF87EA645F832" bold="true" box="[1084,1105,1928,1954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FAE2F87EA700F832" bold="true" box="[1280,1300,1928,1954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
. Thorax and head in lateral view.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FE07F85DA3EEF855" bold="true" box="[485,506,1963,1989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
. Thorax and head in dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FC6EF85DA1B5F855" bold="true" box="[908,929,1963,1989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
. Front view of head.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFFFFB4FB42F85DA6A7F855" bold="true" box="[1184,1203,1963,1989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E</emphasis>
. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFFEFFB5FF5FFEFFA0EFFE07" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF5FFEFFA350FEB3" blockId="21.[189,324,265,291]" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0F08656FFFEFFB5FF5FFEFFA350FEB3" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF5FFEFFA350FEB3" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF5FFEC1A0EFFE07" blockId="21.[189,1399,311,407]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
This species is dedicated to Dr Dayse Willkenia Almeida Marques, from the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), in recognition of her enthusiasm in deciphering the female genitalia of
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FDBFFE88A0EFFE07" box="[605,763,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFEFFB5FDBFFE88A0E3FE07" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1900" box="[605,759,382,407]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neurostigma</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFFEFFB5FF5FFE4BA0BFFDD5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF5FFE4BA378FE46" blockId="21.[189,364,444,471]" box="[189,364,444,471]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0F08656FFFEFFB5FF5FFE4BA378FE46" bold="true" box="[189,364,444,471]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF5FFE4BA378FE46" bold="true" box="[189,364,444,471]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF08FE1FA0BFFDD5" blockId="21.[188,1399,489,582]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="3B6F3B67FFFEFFB5FF08FE1FA0BFFDD5" collectingDate="2013-04-09" collectingMethod="light trap" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="J. A. Rafael" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.9633334" location="Presidente Figueiredo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.922836" municipality="Presidente Figueiredo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="INPA-PSO 000038" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF08FE1FA348FD93" bold="true" box="[234,348,489,515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="54BC8F98FFFEFFB5FF08FE1FA348FD93" box="[234,348,489,515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F31071AAFFFEFFB5FF5FFDFCA332FDB4" box="[189,294,522,548]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D01FAB3FFFEFFB5FEDEFDFDA341FDB5" box="[316,341,523,549]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49C3FFD8FFFEFFB5FEBDFDFCA3CAFDB4" box="[351,478,522,548]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDCAB40FFFEFFB5FE0AFDFCA0FFFDB4" box="[488,747,522,548]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Presidente Figueiredo</collectingMunicipality>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE3357FDFFFEFFB5FD17FDFFA18DFDB4" box="[757,921,521,549]" degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" seconds="48.0" value="-2.9633334">02°57′48.0″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3357FDFFFEFFB5FC47FDFFA641FDB5" box="[933,1109,521,549]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="1" seconds="22.2" value="-59.922836">59°55′22.2″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FFB917FAFFFEFFB5FB82FDFCA6FEFDB4" box="[1120,1258,522,548]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2013-04-09">
<collectingDate id="EFFDEE12FFFEFFB5FB82FDFCA6FEFDB4" box="[1120,1258,522,548]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2013-04-09">9 Apr. 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26F254ECFFFEFFB5FB17FDFCA763FDB4" box="[1269,1399,522,548]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">J.A. Rafael</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="5246492DFFFEFFB5FF1AFDDDA372FDD6" box="[248,358,555,582]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">light trap</collectingMethod>
;
<collectionCode id="ED16A9FFFFFEFFB5FE90FDDDA3A3FDD5" box="[370,439,555,581]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">INPA</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBA19941FFFEFFB5FE20FDDDA0B3FDD5" box="[450,679,555,581]" collectionCode="INPA-PSO" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">INPA-PSO 000038</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D62B1FFFEFFB8FF5FFD9CA049FDBD" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF5FFD9CA35AFD14" blockId="21.[189,334,618,644]" box="[189,334,618,644]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0F08656FFFEFFB5FF5FFD9CA35AFD14" bold="true" box="[189,334,618,644]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF5FFD9CA35AFD14" bold="true" box="[189,334,618,644]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF08FD61A33EFD21" blockId="21.[187,1401,663,921]" box="[234,298,663,689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF08FD61A33EFD21" bold="true" box="[234,298,663,689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB6FF5FFD4EA772FE37" blockId="21.[187,1401,663,921]" lastBlockId="22.[187,1399,265,424]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA7E6FFFEFFB5FF5FFD4EA35CFD41" baselines="715,716" box="[189,328,696,722]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Coloration" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">COLORATION</smallCapsWord>
. Head uniformly pale yellow; lateral areas of head light yellow; compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with ochre centripetal crescents (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FD06FD2FA167FD63" box="[740,883,729,755]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18A–E</figureCitation>
). Scape, pedicels and flagellomeres hyaline. Clypeus light yellow (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FE5FFD0CA03CFC84" box="[445,552,762,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
), labrum hyaline with dark brown labral sclerites (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FB8EFD0CA6C3FC84" box="[1132,1239,762,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
), labium with light brown prementum, with labial palpi, paraglossas and glossas light brown (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FB9AFCEDA6F1FCA5" box="[1144,1253,795,821]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
), mandibles hyaline with yellowish and brownish ends (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FD24FCCAA141FCC6" box="[710,853,828,854]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19D–E</figureCitation>
), laciniae hyaline with yellowish distal region (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FF25FCABA342FCE7" box="[199,342,861,887]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19F–G</figureCitation>
). Tergal lobes of mesothorax hyaline, tergal lobes of metathorax dark brown (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FB1FFCABA77EFCE7" box="[1277,1386,861,887]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
), thoracic pleura hyaline (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFEFFB5FE34FC88A029FC09" box="[470,573,894,921]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig.18B</figureCitation>
). Forewings with three light brown spots, first in medial region between CuP and M+Cu veins, second in basal region of bifurcation of M+Cu veins, third in basal region between base of pterostigma and Rs vein (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FDDFFEDCA0D9FED4" box="[573,717,298,324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20A–B</figureCitation>
); hindwings with brownish spots in basal region from vein A to CuP (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FEA3FEBDA3C1FEF5" box="[321,469,331,357]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20C–D</figureCitation>
). Legs thighs yellowish, trochanters light brown, femurs with blackish spots basally, and rounded black spots medially and distally (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FCACFE9AA1AEFE16" box="[846,954,364,390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20E</figureCitation>
), tibiae with two rounded black spots distally, tarsomeres 1 dark brown, tarsomeres 2 dark brown (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FC6CFE7BA1ECFE37" box="[910,1016,397,423]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20E</figureCitation>
). Abdomen hyaline (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FB09FE7BA74DFE37" box="[1259,1369,397,423]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7861B2FFFEFFB5FF5FF870A3F8F878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" targetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFEFFB5FF5FF870A3F8F878" blockId="21.[189,1399,1926,2024]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF5FF870A30EF831" bold="true" box="[189,282,1926,1953]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19.</emphasis>
Mouthparts of
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFEFFB5FE33F87EA0FCF831" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[465,744,1927,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willkeniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FE33F87EA0FCF831" box="[465,744,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Neurostigma willkeniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFFEFFB5FD0DF871A158F831" box="[751,844,1927,1953]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038).
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FB0CF870A717F830" bold="true" box="[1262,1283,1926,1952]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
. Labrum.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FF5FF85CA2C4F854" bold="true" box="[189,208,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
. Labium.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FEADF85CA370F854" bold="true" box="[335,356,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
. Right maxillary palp.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FD9DF85CA080F854" bold="true" box="[639,660,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D</emphasis>
. Right mandible.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FC92F85CA190F854" bold="true" box="[880,900,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E</emphasis>
. Left mandible.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FBADF85CA675F854" bold="true" box="[1103,1121,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">F</emphasis>
. Right lacinia.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFEFFB5FAFFF85CA720F854" bold="true" box="[1309,1332,1962,1988]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G</emphasis>
. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFDFFB8FF5FFE3BA649FE58" blockId="22.[189,1400,460,785]" lastBlockId="24.[189,1399,265,457]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA7E6FFFDFFB6FF5FFE3BA343FE75" baselines="480,480" box="[189,343,461,487]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Morphology" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MORPHOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
. Head with macrosetae, more concentrated on vertex (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FBE8FE3AA68AFE77" box="[1034,1182,460,487]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18D–E</figureCitation>
), compound eyes large, widely separated, laterally rounded in shape (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FCDCFE18A1C5FD98" box="[830,977,494,520]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18D–E</figureCitation>
), vertex bilobed, approximately at same level as upper border of compound eyes (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FD04FDF9A147FDB9" box="[742,851,527,553]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
). Labium with prementum narrow, labial palpi with round shape, paraglossa with round shape, glossa slender (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FC26FDC6A626FDDA" box="[964,1074,560,586]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
). Mandibles asymmetrical, elongate and with outer margin angled (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FD72FDA7A10BFDFB" box="[656,799,593,619]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 19D–E</figureCitation>
), outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with eight to nine denticles (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FED5FD84A3D2FD1C" box="[311,454,626,652]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[209,1385,1012,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-178@21.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 19. Mouthparts of Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Labrum. B. Labium. C. Right maxillary palp. D. Right mandible. E. Left mandible. F. Right lacinia. G. Left lacinia. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603869/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 19F–G</figureCitation>
). Tergal lobes with setae (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FD1DFD84A178FD1C" box="[767,876,626,652]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[213,1386,282,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[201,1386,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 18. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Lateral view. B. Thorax and head in lateral view. C. Thorax and head in dorsal view. D. Front view of head. E. Lateral view of head. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603867/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
). Forewings with many setae, especially on margins; right forewing pterostigma with four crossveins (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FC63FD65A1E6FD3D" box="[897,1010,659,685]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
); left forewing pterostigma with six crossveins (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FE96FD42A3F6FD5E" box="[372,482,692,718]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
); M vein before its first bifurcation abruptly concave U-shape (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FB3AFD42A77EFD5E" box="[1240,1386,692,718]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20A–B</figureCitation>
). Hindwing with R
<subScript id="1783337FFFFDFFB6FE64FD1EA3B5FD66" attach="left" box="[390,417,744,758]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2+3</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="1783337FFFFDFFB6FE09FD1EA011FD66" attach="left" box="[491,517,744,758]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">4+5</subScript>
almost straight, M sinuous (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FCAFFD23A1C8FD7F" box="[845,988,725,751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-247@22.[189,1398,836,1927]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 20. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Right forewing. B. Left forewing. C. Right hindwing. D. Left hindwing. E. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20C–D</figureCitation>
). Hypandrium with abundant setae, distally rounded, gently concave, wirh sides not angled, more sclerotized on sides (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFFDFFB6FB69FD00A6ECFC80" box="[1163,1272,758,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
). Posterior process of aedeagal arch with slight indentation of inner margin, with abrupt relief on external margin (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FF25FEDCA325FED4" box="[199,305,298,324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
); anterior region of endophallus with slight central indentation, with a field of spines, close to posterolateral margins with numerous small spines on posterior edges, separated by large membranous area (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FEE6FE9AA361FE16" box="[260,373,364,390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
). Epiproct with concave posterior margin, with field of microsetae in distal region (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FF24FE7BA327FE37" box="[198,307,397,423]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
). Paraproct with narrow base, widening distally, with straight distal region, with microsetae field towards outer margin, sensory fields with 38–39 basal rosettes (
<figureCitation id="133C2DBFFFF3FFB8FC06FE58A644FE58" box="[996,1104,430,456]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" captionTargetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[340,1247,265,1134]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 21. Neurostigma willkeniae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038). A. Hypandrium. B. Right paraproct and epiproct. C. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7861B2FFFDFFB6FF5FF85DA6B0F879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14603873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603873/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[215,1389,843,1921]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFDFFB6FF5FF85DA6B0F879" blockId="22.[189,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FF5FF85DA30FF855" bold="true" box="[189,283,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFDFFB6FEC0F85AA02DF855" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[290,569,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willkeniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FEC0F85AA02DF855" box="[290,569,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Neurostigma willkeniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFFDFFB6FDDDF85AA089F856" box="[575,669,1964,1990]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038).
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FBDCF85DA647F855" bold="true" box="[1086,1107,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
. Right forewing.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FAC1F85DA723F855" bold="true" box="[1315,1335,1963,1989]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
. Left forewing.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FED4F838A35FF878" bold="true" box="[310,331,1998,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
. Right hindwing.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FDFDF838A020F878" bold="true" box="[543,564,1998,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
. Left hindwing.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFDFFB6FD1BF838A119F878" bold="true" box="[761,781,1998,2024]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
. Right hind leg. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7861B2FFFCFFB7FF5BFB63A14AFB43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14603875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603875/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[185,228,1173,1199]" targetBox="[346,1239,265,1123]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFCFFB7FF5BFB63A14AFB43" blockId="23.[185,1394,1173,1235]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FF5BFB63A30CFB3F" bold="true" box="[185,280,1173,1199]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFCFFB7FEC3FB60A02DFB3F" authorityName="Reategui &amp; Rafael &amp; da Silva-Neto" authorityYear="2025" box="[289,569,1173,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willkeniae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FEC3FB60A02DFB3F" box="[289,569,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Neurostigma willkeniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2405053FFFCFFB7FDA2FB60A08AFB20" box="[576,670,1174,1200]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, ♂ (INPA-PSO 000038).
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FBA7FB63A64EFB3F" bold="true" box="[1093,1114,1173,1199]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A</emphasis>
. Hypandrium.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FAECFB63A736FB3F" bold="true" box="[1294,1314,1173,1199]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B</emphasis>
. Right paraproct and epiproct.
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FE32FB4EA3F1FB42" bold="true" box="[464,485,1208,1234]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C</emphasis>
. Phallosome. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7861B2FFFCFFB7FF5FF82EA6ADF863" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14603877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14603877" box="[189,1209,2008,2035]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14603877/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[189,232,2008,2034]" targetBox="[311,1276,1285,1962]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFFCFFB7FF5FF82EA6ADF863" blockId="23.[189,1209,2008,2035]" box="[189,1209,2008,2035]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FF5FF82EA30FF862" bold="true" box="[189,283,2008,2034]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 22.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution of all known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C074AB9FFFCFFB7FCBAF82FA6A0F863" authority="Enderlein, 1900" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1900" box="[856,1204,2008,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Epipsocidae" genus="Neurostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973ED28FFFCFFB7FCBAF82FA1FAF862" box="[856,1006,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Neurostigma</emphasis>
Enderlein, 1900
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB8313AFFF3FFB8FF5FFE06A049FDBD" blockId="24.[189,1399,495,557]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<smallCapsWord id="8D5EA7E6FFF3FFB8FF5FFE06A37AFD98" baselines="515,515" box="[189,366,496,522]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
(in μm). FW: 3658, HW: 2661, F: 627, T: 788, t1: 284, t2: 145,
<collectingCountry id="F31071AAFFF3FFB8FB8EFE19A6B4FD99" box="[1132,1184,495,521]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MX</collectingCountry>
2: 113,
<collectingCountry id="F31071AAFFF3FFB8FB17FE19A73CFD99" box="[1269,1320,495,521]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MX</collectingCountry>
4: 226, IO: 503, D: 245, d: 184, PO: 0.751.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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