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<document id="D0BEE1515909368E8BB43FBAA2D1415B" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0282247" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC10246822" ID-PubMed="37285340" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13151874" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1719975523565" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Peng, Jungang, Slater, Sam M., McLoughlin, Stephen &amp; Vajda, Vivi" docDate="2023" docId="03A90F16FFBAFFB9075BFAE5D99BF95C" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.18.6.e0282247.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0282247) 18 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Kuqaia quadrata Li 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF90776EFFBDFFB0056EFF8EDA10FFE4" masterDocTitle="New species of Kuqaia from the Lower Jurassic of Sweden indicates a possible water flea (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) affinity" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1733178197148" updateUser="karina">
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<mods:title id="827E3FE7B91F82E5D2EDB9752923FD2C">New species of Kuqaia from the Lower Jurassic of Sweden indicates a possible water flea (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) affinity</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="13FF6903CBE9BB20FCAE83353E3247C3">Peng, Jungang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E0EEA3513B923D154D8CA9F280A75339">Slater, Sam M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2D241CBFFECF9005AD72CFD461F1B7EE">Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EBD4D3EFDF69A607DCDE1F6C946D813F">McLoughlin, Stephen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DE306E6B3870287C8EA7B26E18D271D8">Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F3F1D68A2B26A42957AA1BB2D9222DAE">Vajda, Vivi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="76EE319C4E649B297B0109BB56151F0C">Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="E49F20769B90AB7954FCE20B73C69EE7">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A90F16FFBAFFB9075BFAE5D99BF95C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A90F16FFBAFFB9075BFAE5D99BF95C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A90F16FFBAFFB9075BFAE5D99BF95C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFBAFFB7075BFAE5D954FA66" box="[565,836,1386,1410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFAE5D954FA66" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,836,1386,1410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFBAFFB7075BFAE5D954FA66" authority="Li, 1993" authorityName="Li" authorityYear="1993" box="[565,836,1386,1410]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Kuqaia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BFAE5D8FAFA66" box="[565,746,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kuqaia quadrata</emphasis>
Li, 1993
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFBAFFB7075BFA03D92CFA41" box="[565,828,1421,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFA03D92CFA41" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,828,1421,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="133BA285FFBAFFB7075BFA03D8B9FA41" box="[565,681,1421,1445]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="8.[533,561,1562,1581]" captionTargetBox="[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Kuqaia species from the Pliensbachian of Skåne. (a)(e) Kuqaia concentrica Li, 1993; (a) whole specimen (NRM X12701), and (b) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 57.0056.50 m; (c) whole specimen (NRM X12702); (d) and (e) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. (f) and (g) Kuqaia quadrata Li, 1993; (f) whole specimen in oblique compression (NRM X12703), and (g) enlargement of intersecting concentric and radial ornament; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. Scale bars = 100 μm, unless otherwise stated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282247.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151884/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 5E, 5F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133BA285FFBAFFB707DBFA03D8D2FA41" box="[693,706,1421,1445]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="9.[533,561,1466,1485]" captionTargetBox="[533,1493,208,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-61@9.[533,1493,208,1444]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Kuqaia species from the Pliensbachian of Skåne. Kuqaia quadrata Li, 1993; (a) one broken specimen (NRM X12704) showing intersecting concentric and more prominent radial ridges, (b) Collar-shaped postventral margin, and (c) enlargement of chequered ornament on the dorsal part; (d) lateral view of specimen (NRM X12705) showing typical intersecting concentric and radial ornament of equal prominence. All from Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 42.2541.15 m. Scale bars = 100 μm, unless otherwise stated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282247.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151886/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133BA285FFBAFFB707A3FA03D92CFA41" box="[717,828,1421,1445]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="10.[533,561,1562,1581]" captionTargetBox="[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-38@10.[533,1493,182,1540]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Kuqaia species from the Pliensbachian of Skåne. (a)(e) Kuqaia radiata Li, 1993; (a) whole specimen (NRM X12707), and (b) enlargement of radial ridges in lateral view, showing the prominence of radial ridges; (c) whole specimen (NRM X12708), (d) and (e) enlargements of radial ridges. (f) and (g) Kuqaia quadrata Li, 1993; (f) specimen (NRM X12706) in dorsal view showing the prominent intersecting ridged ornamentation and (g) enlargement of chequered ornament. All from Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. Scale bars = 100 μm, unless otherwise indicated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282247.g007" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151888" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151888/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7F and 7G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFBAFFB7075BFA21DF02FA2C" box="[565,1298,1455,1480]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFA21DF02FA2C" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,1298,1455,1480]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BFA21D880FA23" box="[565,656,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="ED1126C5FFBAFFB707F2FA3ED8C8FA2C" box="[668,728,1456,1480]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">NRM</collectionCode>
X12703;
<collectionCode id="ED1126C5FFBAFFB70655FA3ED967FA2C" box="[827,887,1456,1480]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">NRM</collectionCode>
X12704;
<collectionCode id="ED1126C5FFBAFFB706B4FA3EDE06FA2C" box="[986,1046,1456,1480]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">NRM</collectionCode>
X12705;
<collectionCode id="ED1126C5FFBAFFB70116FA3EDEA4FA2C" box="[1144,1204,1456,1480]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">NRM</collectionCode>
X12706.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFBAFFB7075BFA5DDFBEF97C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BFA5DDFBEF97C" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BFA5DD8BDFA0E" box="[565,685,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description</emphasis>
. Shell reniform in lateral view; elliptical in dorso-ventral view. Shell surface covered with 3451 radial and 21 concentric ridges (based on a specimen preserved in lateral view). Ridges are flat-crested, never blade-shaped; radial ridges 59 μm wide, concentric ridges 713 μm wide. Radial and concentric ridges are equally developed, forming a regular, rectangular mesh-like ornamentation. Collar-shaped margin preserved on
<specimenCount id="9D067589FFBAFFB70184F9D3DF6EF991" box="[1258,1406,1629,1653]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
, 22 μm high. Back conspicuous, slightly thicker than concentric ridges. Caudal spine damaged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFBAFFB8075BF92CDE48F8B1" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BF92CDEA1F939" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BF92CD8A5F95D" box="[565,693,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Comparison</emphasis>
: This species is distinguished from other species based on the prominence of both concentric and radial ridges forming a chequered pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB7075BF966DF67F8E4" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" box="[565,1399,1768,1792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BF966D8A0F91B" box="[565,688,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dimensions</emphasis>
: Length 413(449)467 μm; width 150(186)240 μm (
<specimenCount id="9D067589FFBAFFB701AAF966DF7CF8E4" box="[1220,1388,1768,1792]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFBAFFB8075BF884DE48F8B1" blockId="7.[533,1536,208,1896]" lastBlockId="8.[533,1535,1783,1877]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFBAFFB7075BF884D880F8C6" box="[565,656,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D067589FFBAFFB707F2F884D925F8C6" box="[668,821,1802,1826]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
(NRMX12704) with an ornamentation of regular rectangular meshes composed of flat interconnecting ridges (
<figureCitation id="133BA285FFBAFFB70173F8A3DE80F8A1" box="[1053,1168,1837,1861]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="9.[533,561,1466,1485]" captionTargetBox="[533,1493,208,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-61@9.[533,1493,208,1444]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Kuqaia species from the Pliensbachian of Skåne. Kuqaia quadrata Li, 1993; (a) one broken specimen (NRM X12704) showing intersecting concentric and more prominent radial ridges, (b) Collar-shaped postventral margin, and (c) enlargement of chequered ornament on the dorsal part; (d) lateral view of specimen (NRM X12705) showing typical intersecting concentric and radial ornament of equal prominence. All from Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 42.2541.15 m. Scale bars = 100 μm, unless otherwise stated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282247.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13151886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13151886/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig 6A6C</figureCitation>
), shows a predominance of concentric ridges at the venter and dorsum, and radial ridges in the lateral parts, possibly representing an intermediate ornamentation between
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFB5FFB8013DF976DF9AF8EB" authority="Cui et al., 2004" authorityName="Cui" authorityYear="2004" box="[1107,1418,1783,1807]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Kuqaia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangii">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB5FFB8013DF976DEF6F8EB" box="[1107,1254,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kuqaia yangii</emphasis>
Cui
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB5FFB80077F976DF55F8EB" box="[1305,1349,1783,1807]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
., 2004
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFB5FFB800D0F976D866F8D6" authorityName="Li" authorityYear="1993" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Kuqaia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB5FFB800D0F976DFDFF8EB" box="[1470,1487,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">K</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB5FFB8077BF894D866F8D6" box="[533,630,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">quadrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this specimen is broken, and the concentric ridges at the venter are inconspicuous; we tentatively identify it as
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFB5FFB806F0F8B3DE42F8B0" authorityName="Li" authorityYear="1993" box="[926,1106,1852,1876]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Kuqaia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB5FFB806F0F8B3DE42F8B0" box="[926,1106,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kuqaia quadrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFB5FFB8077BF994DE03F948" blockId="8.[533,1527,1562,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB5FFB8077BF994DF35F9C9" bold="true" box="[533,1317,1562,1582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Fig 5. Scanning electron micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFB5FFB80615F994D9EFF9C9" box="[891,1023,1562,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB5FFB80615F994D9ACF9C9" bold="true" box="[891,956,1562,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kuqaia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from the Pliensbachian of Skåne.
</emphasis>
(a)(e)
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFB5FFB80006F994D8AEF9A2" authority="Li, 1993" authorityName="Li" authorityYear="1993" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Kuqaia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concentrica">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB5FFB80006F994D864F9A2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kuqaia concentrica</emphasis>
Li, 1993
</taxonomicName>
; (a) whole specimen (NRM X12701), and (b) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 57.0056.50 m; (c) whole specimen (NRM X12702); (d) and (e) enlargement of concentric ridges; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. (f) and (g)
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFB5FFB806F5F9E8DE63F99D" authority="Li, 1993" authorityName="Li" authorityYear="1993" box="[923,1139,1638,1657]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Kuqaia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB5FFB806F5F9E8DE3BF99D" box="[923,1067,1638,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kuqaia quadrata</emphasis>
Li, 1993
</taxonomicName>
; (f) whole specimen in oblique compression (NRM X12703), and (g) enlargement of intersecting concentric and radial ornament; Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 46.9746.01 m. Scale bars = 100 μm, unless otherwise stated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFB5FFB8077BF94CD9BDF931" blockId="8.[533,1527,1562,1749]" box="[533,941,1730,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282247.g005</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFB4FFB9077BFA34DF17F9D6" blockId="9.[533,1530,1465,1627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB4FFB9077BFA34DF35FA29" bold="true" box="[533,1317,1465,1486]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Fig 6. Scanning electron micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFB4FFB90615FA37D9EFFA29" box="[891,1023,1465,1485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB4FFB90615FA37D9ACFA28" bold="true" box="[891,956,1465,1484]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kuqaia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
from the Pliensbachian of Skåne.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C00C583FFB4FFB90047FA34D82FFA02" authority="Li, 1993" authorityName="Li" authorityYear="1993" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Kuqaia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB4FFB90047FA34DFAAFA28" box="[1321,1466,1465,1484]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kuqaia quadrata</emphasis>
Li, 1993
</taxonomicName>
; (a) one broken specimen (NRM X12704) showing intersecting concentric and more prominent radial ridges, (b) Collar-shaped postventral margin, and (c) enlargement of chequered ornament on the dorsal part; (d) lateral view of specimen (NRM X12705) showing typical intersecting concentric and radial ornament of equal prominence. All from Kävlinge BH-928 core depth 42.2541.15 m. Scale bars = 100 μm, unless otherwise stated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFB4FFB9077BF9C6D9BDF9BF" blockId="9.[533,1530,1465,1627]" box="[533,941,1608,1627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282247.g006</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31AED8BFFB4FFB9075BF9F0D99BF95C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBFBE00FFB4FFB9075BF9F0D99BF95C" blockId="9.[533,1526,1661,1894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB4FFB9075BF9F0D8BBF971" box="[565,683,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Occurrence</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9746212FFB4FFB907D9F9F0D92AF971" box="[695,826,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">unit and age</emphasis>
. 46.97
<quantity id="4CF813E5FFB4FFB906E5F9F0D9F2F972" box="[907,994,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.607" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="46.07">46.07 m</quantity>
, 42.25
<quantity id="4CF813E5FFB4FFB9015CF9F0DE99F972" box="[1074,1161,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.115" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="41.15">41.15 m</quantity>
, Kavlinge BH-928; Katslösa Member, Rya Formation; Pliensbachian.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>