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<document id="A2B0A44F1291B0174912EFE04665D149" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14515997" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1734536304019" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Khanal, Madhusudhan, Sarkar, Shuvadip, Sarkar, Kingsuk, Chhetri, Prakash, Rai, Santosh Kumar, Kumar, Devendra &amp; Rawat, Sandeep" docDate="2024" docId="03A25F44B81AFFF36480E6445BD0FF5C" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.663.1.026-032.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 663 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.663.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Gastrodia indica M. Khanal 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FF9B273CB81BFFF76408E2505838FF87" masterDocTitle="Gastrodia indica (Orchidaceae: Gastrodieae), a new completely cleistogamous holomycotrophic species from India" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="26" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1734536693023" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7841F861915F1FAF3D88DBEFD9C13C75">Gastrodia indica (Orchidaceae: Gastrodieae), a new completely cleistogamous holomycotrophic species from India</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2B604D001502F40E2A35BA2186B6F93">Taxonomy and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6 mile, Samdur, Gangtok, Sikkim (737102), India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="A1DA5DCC03D1BAE23455084803D03228">G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (GBPNIHE), Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang (737101), Gangtok, Sikkim, India</mods:affiliation>
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M. Khanal
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<emphasis id="B97F3240B81AFFF665D6E6445A17FBA9" bold="true" box="[478,559,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="27">sp. nov</emphasis>
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Type:—
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23.09.202 3,
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Holomycotrophic terrestrial herb,
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to more than
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tall. Rhizome 4.25.5 ×
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, horizontally placed, brownish, tuberous, fleshy, cylindrical, sparsely to densely pubescent with minute triangular scales with ciliate margins. Roots
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dia., slender, filliform, few, arising from the base of the rhizome, glabrous. Inflorescence racemose, up to
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tall, erect, glabrous; peduncle
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tall, erect, stout, 47 nodded towards base, each node enclosed with single membranous sheathing bract, sheathing bracts 0.50.6 ×
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, glabrous, 710 veined; rachis
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tall, with laxly arranged 722 flowers. Floral bracts 0.60.7 ×
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, brownish, ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, entire, slightly cymbiform, 3-veined, glabrous, caducous. Flowers
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long, erect, completely cleistogamous, brownish, urceolate, sparsely verrucose throughout the outer surface, slightly recurved, foul smelling when dissected; sepals brownish, petals whitish-brown, labellum &amp; column white. Pedicel and ovary 0.81.1 × 0.2
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, brownish, ovary portion slightly ribbed, pedicel not elongating during capsule maturation. Dorsal sepal 0.81.1 ×
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, obtuse, undulate to entire, slightly incurved and thickened, slightly verrucose, little broarder than the lateral sepals, connate 4/5
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to petals, glabrous. Lateral sepals 0.81.1 ×
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, obtuse, entire to undulate, connate with each other for more than 3/4
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of their length, slightly thickened, sparsely verrucose outside, glabrous. Petals ca. 0.1 ×
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, ovate to oblong with crisped margins, obtuse, membranous. Labellum 0.350.4 ×
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, ovate, obtuse, glabrous, margins crisped to irregularly denticulate and slightly reflexed inwards, 5-nerved, base with short stalk attached to the base of coulmn; disc with 4 keels, a pair of centrally placed whitish keel arising from the hypochile which raised abruptly towards apex and other pair of shorter adjacent keel placed laterally &amp; base of the hypochile with a pair of whitish, globose subsessile calli. Column 0.40.45 ×
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, slightly bent, cymbiform, glabrous; columnar wings slightly broader at the middle gradually narrowing towards the truncate apex and slightly curved inwards terminating into a pair of shortly pointed stelidia which is parallel to the anther cap; column foot absent. Rostellum absent. Stigma glossy, placed at the base of the column. Anther cap 2-chambered, dome shaped, 0.60.7 ×
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. Pollinia 2, globose, mealy to granular, whitish. Capsule 0.81.3 ×
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, attached to a non-elongating pedicel.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF74BEDAB819FFF56480E7385D26FAFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14516001" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14516001" box="[136,1310,1384,1406]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14516001/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" startId="2.[136,229,1384,1406]" targetBox="[151,1436,187,1356]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB4EE52B819FFF56480E7385D26FAFA" blockId="2.[136,1310,1384,1406]" box="[136,1310,1384,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF56480E73858C6FAFA" bold="true" box="[136,254,1384,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
A. Habit photograph of the plant in flowering stage; B. Close up photos of a single flower; C. Fruiting stages.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C311BDD9B819FFF564B5E7FC5B58F989" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB4EE52B819FFF564B5E7FC5ADEFA6D" blockId="2.[136,1452,1452,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF564B5E7FC5970FA41" bold="true" box="[189,328,1452,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Etymology:</emphasis>
The new species is named after the country of discovery—
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B819FFF5600DE7FC5C07FA41" box="[1029,1087,1452,1478]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="India" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">India</taxonomicName>
, as it is the first cleistogamous species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B819FFF56578E78059D9FA6D" authorityName="R. Brown" authorityYear="1810" box="[368,481,1488,1514]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF56578E78059D9FA6D" box="[368,481,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Gastrodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discovered from
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B819FFF566ADE7805ADAFA6D" box="[677,738,1488,1514]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="India" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">India</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB4EE52B819FFF564B5E7A45B58F989" blockId="2.[136,1452,1452,1910]" box="[189,864,1524,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF564B5E7A4597BF989" bold="true" box="[189,323,1524,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Phenology:</emphasis>
Flowering and fruiting—September to October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C311BDD9B819FFF364B5E4485BD0FF5C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB4EE52B819FFF564B5E4485AB7F9B4" blockId="2.[136,1452,1452,1910]" box="[189,655,1560,1587]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF564B5E4485961F9B5" bold="true" box="[189,345,1560,1586]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B819FFF56568E4485A3DF9B5" box="[352,517,1560,1586]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="India" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sikkim">India (Sikkim)</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF5661CE4485A46F9B5" bold="true" box="[532,638,1560,1586]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Endemic</emphasis>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB4EE52B819FFF564B5E46C5967F919" blockId="2.[136,1452,1452,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF564B5E46C591BF9D1" bold="true" box="[189,291,1596,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Habitat:</emphasis>
Holomycotroph, found growing on dense rotten leaf litter in temperate deciduous oak forest associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B819FFF564C9E43059ADF9FD" box="[193,405,1632,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="doltsopa">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF564C9E43059ADF9FD" box="[193,405,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Magnolia doltsopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B819FFF565ACE4315A76F9FD" box="[420,590,1632,1659]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campbelli">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF565ACE4315A76F9FD" box="[420,590,1632,1659]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Acer campbelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B819FFF56655E4315B17F9FD" box="[605,815,1632,1659]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lamellosa">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF56655E4315B17F9FD" box="[605,815,1632,1659]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Quercus lamellosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B819FFF5675BE4305C4DF9FD" box="[851,1141,1632,1658]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pachyphyllus">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF5675BE4305C4DF9FD" box="[851,1141,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Lithocarpus pachyphyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; elevation of
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above msl. (Fig-1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB4EE52B819FFF564B5E4F858D9F8F1" blockId="2.[136,1452,1452,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B819FFF564B5E4F8598AF945" bold="true" box="[189,434,1704,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">Conservation status:</emphasis>
Less than 100 individuals in flowering and fruiting stages were observed in the
<typeStatus id="54B050F0B819FFF5612AE4F95D6AF944" box="[1314,1362,1705,1731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
habitat. As the
<typeStatus id="54B050F0B819FFF564D6E49D5936F960" box="[222,270,1741,1767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
habitat is a long term ecological monitoring site, hence a limited anthropogenic disturbance probably resulted in a luxuriant growth of this extremely elusive species. Similar habitats in and around the
<typeStatus id="54B050F0B819FFF560E9E4A15D29F88C" box="[1249,1297,1777,1803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
locality were surveyed but no population could be traced. It can be assumed that the new species being a holomycotroph is extremely sensitive to any anthropogenic pressure, hence any disturbance or changes in habitat could result in the loss of the species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF74BEDAB818FFF46480E5F05C70F878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14516003" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14516003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14516003/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" startId="3.[136,229,1952,1974]" targetBox="[169,1418,190,1928]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB4EE52B818FFF46480E5F05C70F878" blockId="3.[136,1452,1952,2047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B818FFF46480E5F05938F832" bold="true" box="[136,256,1952,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Photoplate of
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B818FFF4659AE5F15A0EF831" authorityName="M. Khanal" authorityYear="2024" box="[402,566,1953,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B818FFF4659AE5F15A0EF831" box="[402,566,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="29">Gastrodia indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Habit; B. Close up photo of rhizome; CE. Flowers in different view; F. Floral bract; G1G2. Opened up and spread perianth tube (Dorsal &amp; ventral view); H1H3. Labellum in different view; I1. Column with labellum (Different view); I2 I3. Column (Front and side view); J1 J2. Anther Cap (Dorsal &amp; ventral view)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB4EE52B81FFFF36480E2CF5BD0FF5C" blockId="4.[136,1451,159,219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B97F3240B81FFFF36480E2CF5957FF30" bold="true" box="[136,367,159,183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">Species comparison:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B97F3240B81FFFF3657CE2CF5BD0FF5C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B81FFFF3657CE2CF5A56FF30" box="[372,622,159,183]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="indica" subSpecies="shows">Gastrodia indica shows</taxonomicName>
morphological affinities with
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B81FFFF367A5E2F05C3CFF30" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1890" box="[941,1028,159,183]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exilis">G. exilis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0B95D1B81FFFF3603FE2F05C81FF30" authorityName="King &amp; Pantling" authorityYear="1896" box="[1079,1209,159,183]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dyeriana">G. dyeriana</taxonomicName>
. Detailed comparisons between them have been provided in the table below to aid in easy identification.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>