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<mods:title id="2EAEA673F6EB023AD668CED5B277A896">Assembly of a Phragmites - associated Chloropidae (Diptera) fauna in North America: the Palearctic genus Cryptonevra Lioy in the Nearctic, and the genus Lipara Meigen in Canada</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3A157B2BCA0BC5F9994087474A626240">Barrie, Christine L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F5ACAD19BD28390B2E3EDA4EC3F5964A">Wheeler, Terry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A073C21B252092A6B9EB13C4C310184C">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039E87C8FFD6D726FF06F93BDC994068" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6097776" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119632912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6097776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87C8FFD6D726FF06F93BDC994068" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E87C8FFD6D726FF06F93BDC994068" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">
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<paragraph id="8B8836DEFFD6D725FF06F93BD9794654" blockId="1.[151,332,1771,1797]" box="[151,332,1771,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">
<heading id="D0C081B2FFD6D725FF06F93BD9794654" bold="true" box="[151,332,1771,1797]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD6D725FF06F93BD9794654" ID-CoL="5F88" ID-ENA="540870" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[151,332,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FF06F93BD9794654" bold="true" box="[151,332,1771,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FF06F93BD8DC4654" bold="true" box="[151,233,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">Lipara</emphasis>
Meigen
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8836DEFFD6D725FF06F8E0DB734683" blockId="1.[151,1436,1840,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">
Two species of
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD6D725FED4F8E0D9B84616" box="[325,397,1840,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FED4F8E0D9B84616" box="[325,397,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">Lipara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, each represented by a single female specimen, were collected at the Terra Cotta site in 2011.
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD6D725FF06F883D97F463B" box="[151,330,1875,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufitarsis">
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FF06F883D97F463B" box="[151,330,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">Lipara rufitarsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread and abundant in the northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD6D725FCC8F883DBDC463B" box="[857,1001,1875,1898]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B2FFFD6D725FC68F883DCC5463B" author="Tewksbury" box="[1017,1264,1875,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" refString="Tewksbury, L., Casagrande, R., Blossey, B., Hafliger, P. &amp; Schwarzlander, M. (2002) Potential for biological control of Phragmites australis in North America. Biological Control, 23, 191 - 212." type="journal article" year="2002">
Tewksbury
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD6D725FBEBF883DC84463B" box="[1146,1201,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
) so its eventual establishment in adjacent regions of
<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD6D725FD8FF8A5DA5B46DD" box="[542,622,1909,1932]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">Canada</collectingCountry>
was predictable. The Quebec specimen (
<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD6D725FBB4F8A5DCA846DD" box="[1061,1181,1909,1932]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="199">CANADA</collectingCountry>
: Quebec: Pointe-Claire, Terra Cotta Natural Park, 45.4516° -73.8103°,
<date id="FF89101EFFD6D725FD16F848DB1646FE" box="[647,803,1944,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="199" value="2011-06-15" valueMax="2011-06-21" valueMin="2011-06-15">1521.vi.2011</date>
, C. Barrie, yellow pan trap, old field, 1 ♀, LEM) represents the first published Canadian record of the species and the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D6555FFD5D726FF56FF48DC994068" pageId="2" pageNumber="200" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8836DEFFD5D726FF56FF48DC994068" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="200">
Although
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD5D726FEA3FF48D9F041FE" ID-CoL="6QH66" box="[306,453,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucens">
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD5D726FEA3FF48D9F041FE" box="[306,453,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="200">Lipara lucens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the first species of
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD5D726FD52FF48DB3941FE" ID-CoL="5F88" box="[707,780,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD5D726FD52FF48DB3941FE" box="[707,780,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="200">Lipara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in North
<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD5D726FC48FF48DC0241FE" box="[985,1079,152,175]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="200">America</collectingCountry>
, in 1931 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B2FFFD5D726FB0EFF48DD7641FE" author="Sabrosky" box="[1183,1347,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="200" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1958) A Phragmites gall-maker new to North America (Diptera, Chloropidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 60, 231." type="journal article" year="1958">Sabrosky 1958</bibRefCitation>
), it does not seem to have been recorded here since that first collection and
<bibRefCitation id="EFA64B2FFFD5D726FCC8FF6ADC6D4180" box="[857,1112,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="200" refString="Tewksbury, L., Casagrande, R., Blossey, B., Hafliger, P. &amp; Schwarzlander, M. (2002) Potential for biological control of Phragmites australis in North America. Biological Control, 23, 191 - 212." type="journal article">
Tewksbury
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD5D726FC47FF6ADC394180" box="[982,1036,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="200">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)
</bibRefCitation>
did not consider it established in North
<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD5D726FF6DFF0DD96E41A5" box="[252,347,221,244]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="200">America</collectingCountry>
. The single specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD5D726FDE0FF0DDAE141A5" ID-CoL="6QH66" box="[625,724,221,244]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucens">
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD5D726FDE0FF0DDAE141A5" box="[625,724,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="200">L. lucens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in this study (
<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD5D726FC4EFF0DDC6241A5" box="[991,1111,221,244]" name="Canada" pageId="2" pageNumber="200">CANADA</collectingCountry>
: Quebec: Pointe-Claire, Terra Cotta Natural Park, 45.4516°, -73.8103°,
<date id="FF89101EFFD5D726FDC7FED0DAC44046" box="[598,753,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="200" value="2011-06-02" valueMax="2011-06-07" valueMin="2011-06-02">0207.vi.2011</date>
, C. Barrie, yellow pan, old field, 1 ♀, LEM) provides evidence that
<taxonomicName id="4C374D5DFFD5D726FF54FEF2D9134068" ID-CoL="6QH66" box="[197,294,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lipara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucens">
<emphasis id="B943EACCFFD5D726FF54FEF2D9134068" box="[197,294,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="200">L. lucens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have been introduced on multiple occasions and may be established in
<collectingCountry id="F320764EFFD5D726FBC5FEF2DC924068" box="[1108,1191,290,313]" name="Canada" pageId="2" pageNumber="200">Canada</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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