188 lines
18 KiB
XML
188 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.3853/j.0067-1975.55.2003.1387" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" approvalRequired="85" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="34" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="45" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1629578461805" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rickards, R. B., Chapman, A. J., Wright, A. J. & Packham, G. H" docDate="2003" docId="039E87A3F92AFFB273A241E19C4AE7F9" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.55.3.305-330.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 55 (3)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/rickards-et-al-2003-rec-aust-mus-553-305330/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6.1:RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Cyclograptus Spencer 1884" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="329" masterDocId="FFA7FFDBF93DFFAA7009443B9D31E021" masterDocTitle="Dendroid and Tuboid Graptolites from the Llandovery (Silurian) of the Four Mile Creek Area, New South Wales" masterLastPageNumber="330" masterPageNumber="305" pageNumber="328" updateTime="1630661534800" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Dendroid and Tuboid Graptolites from the Llandovery (Silurian) of the Four Mile Creek Area, New South Wales</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rickards, R. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Chapman, A. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wright, A. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Packham, G. H</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2003-12-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>55</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>305</mods:start>
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<mods:end>330</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:url>https://journals.australian.museum/rickards-et-al-2003-rec-aust-mus-553-305330/</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3853/j.0067-1975.55.2003.1387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2201-4349</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87A3F92AFFB273A241E19C4AE7F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E87A3F92AFFB273A241E19C4AE7F9" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">
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<subSubSection box="[939,1276,1498,1522]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[939,1276,1498,1522]" box="[939,1276,1498,1522]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">
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<heading box="[939,1276,1498,1522]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[939,1276,1498,1522]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[939,1213,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1884" box="[939,1094,1498,1522]" class="Graptolithina" family="Cyclograptidae" genus="Cyclograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tuboidea" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">Cyclograptus</taxonomicName>
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? australis
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</emphasis>
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n.sp.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1059,1156,1543,1566]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1059,1156,1543,1566]" box="[1059,1156,1543,1566]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">
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<figureCitation box="[1059,1156,1543,1566]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[166,201,1010,1031]" captionText="Fig. 21. A, Koremagraptus obscurus n.sp., AM F114745, holotype, BF28; B, Cyclograptus? australis n.sp., AM F114651, holotype, BF28. Scale bars 1 mm." pageId="23" pageNumber="328">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="328" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[794,1421,1586,1639]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,895,1586,1610]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">Material</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="AM" location="Bridge Creek" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" specimenCode="F114651" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[912,1030,1587,1610]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode box="[1039,1082,1587,1610]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode box="[1093,1192,1587,1610]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" type="Museum">F114651</specimenCode>
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, from BF28,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E87A3F92AFFB273A241E19C4AE7F9:8EE8606EF92AFFBD754A42089E6CE646" name="Bridge Creek" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">Bridge Creek</location>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="23.[794,1421,1660,1713]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,1015,1660,1684]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">Derivation of name</emphasis>
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. To record the possible occurrence of the genus in
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<collectingCountry box="[930,1033,1690,1713]" name="Australia" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="328" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[794,1422,1734,1875]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,905,1734,1758]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1884" box="[921,1066,1735,1758]" class="Graptolithina" family="Cyclograptidae" genus="Cyclograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tuboidea" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[921,1066,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">Cyclograptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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? with thecorhiza; 32 peripheral stipes some
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<quantity box="[933,999,1764,1787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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from thecorhiza; autothecal apertural regions clearly isolated; autothecal diameter
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<quantity box="[1280,1376,1793,1816]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
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and spacing approximately
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<quantity box="[1045,1126,1822,1845]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 in</quantity>
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<quantity box="[1133,1211,1822,1845]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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; bithecae possibly present as thin tubes in thecorhiza.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[794,1421,1896,2007]" lastBlockId="24.[166,795,153,616]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,927,1896,1920]" pageId="23" pageNumber="328">Description</emphasis>
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. The single rhabdosome has a “basal disc” or thecorhiza
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<quantity box="[916,981,1925,1948]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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wide, possibly incomplete, from which about ten stipes arise. These bifurcate quite quickly, and then divide again in some cases, resulting in 32 peripheral stipes some
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<quantity box="[304,369,153,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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from the thecorhiza. The rhabdosome appears to be incomplete although its general shape is clear. The stipes consist of bundles of long thecal tubes, and in several places the autothecae can be seen opening in isolated fashion, sometimes slightly bent ventrally. Their diameter is
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<quantity box="[298,397,299,322]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
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and the autothecal spacing approximately
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<quantity box="[255,337,329,352]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 in</quantity>
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<quantity box="[345,424,329,352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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. The autothecal apertures appear to be unadorned by processes or spines except, possibly, a slight extension of the ventral lip. Long thecal tubes can be detected in both the thecorhiza and in the up-growing stipes, but the termination of the stipes is usually by a single ventrally-curved autotheca. Bithecae may be present as thin tubes in the thecorhiza but this is not certain. The stipes may be unbranched, may branch after one third of their length, occasionally after two thirds of their length, and two stipes branch three times.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="329" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="24.[166,795,644,1137]" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,269,644,668]" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">Remarks</emphasis>
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. The thecae are unknown in any described species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1884" box="[198,343,674,697]" class="Graptolithina" family="Cyclograptidae" genus="Cyclograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tuboidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[198,343,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">Cyclograptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, other than as bundles of elongate tubes in the thecorhiza and stipe. In
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<emphasis box="[533,684,703,726]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">C.? australis</emphasis>
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n.sp. the autothecal apertural regions are clearly isolated. The
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<typeStatus box="[747,793,733,756]" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">type</typeStatus>
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species,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1884" box="[261,431,762,785]" class="Graptolithina" family="Cyclograptidae" genus="Cyclograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tuboidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="rotadentatus">
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<emphasis box="[261,431,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">C. rotadentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, also exhibits stipes terminating in a single autotheca, but is more regular in its branching than
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<emphasis box="[225,379,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">C.? australis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="(Goppert, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Goppert" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Graptolithina" family="Cyclograptidae" genus="Cyclograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tuboidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="scharyanus">
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<emphasis box="[390,676,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">Cyclograptus scharyanus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Goppert" firstAuthor="Goppert" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" pagination="426 - 606" refId="ref17922" refString="Goppert, H. R., 1860. Ueber die fossile Flora der Silurischen, der Devonischen und unteren Kohlen Formation oder des sogenannten Uebergangs Gebirges. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarae Lepoldino Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curio - sorum 27: 426 - 606." type="journal article" year="1860">Göppert, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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has a stem-like structure, unlike other cyclograptids.
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<taxonomicName authority="Boueek, 1957" authorityName="Boueek" authorityYear="1957" box="[166,605,879,903]" class="Graptolithina" family="Cyclograptidae" genus="Cyclograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tuboidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="irregularis">
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<emphasis box="[166,440,879,902]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">Cyclograptus irregularis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Boueek" box="[451,605,879,903]" firstAuthor="Boueek" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref17380" refString="Boueek, B., 1957. The dendroid graptolites of the Silurian of Bohemia. Ustredniho Ustavu Geologicky Rozpravy 23: 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1957">Bouěek, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a much more robust species with broad stipes, and
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<taxonomicName authority="Boueek, 1957" authorityName="Boueek" authorityYear="1957" class="Graptolithina" family="Cyclograptidae" genus="Cyclograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tuboidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="multithecatus">
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<emphasis box="[606,794,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">C. multithecatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Boueek" box="[166,334,938,961]" firstAuthor="Boueek" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref17380" refString="Boueek, B., 1957. The dendroid graptolites of the Silurian of Bohemia. Ustredniho Ustavu Geologicky Rozpravy 23: 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1957">Bouěek, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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has more compound stipes than
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">C.? australis</emphasis>
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. All previously described species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1884" box="[649,794,967,990]" class="Graptolithina" family="Cyclograptidae" genus="Cyclograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tuboidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[649,794,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">Cyclograptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are Wenlock (Silurian) whereas our specimen is late Llandovery. The presence of a thecorhiza in
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<emphasis box="[653,794,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">C.? australis</emphasis>
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with masses of thecal tubes, suggest the tuboid
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1884" class="Graptolithina" family="Cyclograptidae" genus="Cyclograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tuboidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">Cyclograptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but the stipe branching pattern seems greater than in other cyclograptids except perhaps
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boueek" authorityYear="1957" box="[583,761,1114,1137]" class="Graptolithina" family="Cyclograptidae" genus="Cyclograptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tuboidea" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" phylum="Hemichordata" rank="species" species="multithecatus">
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<emphasis box="[583,761,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">C. multithecatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="24.[166,795,1400,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">
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<emphasis box="[166,375,1400,1421]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="329" reason="1">ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</emphasis>
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. We are most indebted to Dr Chris Jenkins for making available his collections and maps, and for discussing this project with us at various times. Graptolite collections made by Drs Jenkins and Warris were borrowed from the School of Geosciences, University of Sydney with much-appreciated assistance from Dr Tom Hubble. Property owners in the Four Mile Creek area, particularly Ken Williams of “Ashburnia”, Tim Christofferson of “Avon Lea”, David Hughes of “Glendalough”
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="24.[166,795,1400,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="329">and Sinclair Stratton of “Ulah” have most graciously allowed free access to their properties and given guidance and assistance. Dr Ian Percival and Ms Lucy Muir are thanked for their assistance in the field in November, 2000. R.B.R. would like to record his thanks for financial support to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, the Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge (Cowper Reed Fund Managers), the Royal Society, and the University of Cambridge. A.J.W. records his sincere gratitude for support by: the School of Geosciences and the SERC research group, University of Wollongong; the Betty Mayne research fund, administered by the Linnean Society of NSW: and Emmanuel College, Cambridge for the award of a Quartecentenary Visiting Fellowship during Lent Term, 2001. GHP collected in the 1950s and 1960s with financial assistance from the Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Sydney.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |