398 lines
45 KiB
XML
398 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="95BD70F4E146DF38FC0F57E981849378" ID-CLB-Dataset="5910" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="300ad198-2377-4bfd-9381-6868ee9c5f7a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5045725" ID-ZooBank="E7DDABDA-5DA6-4309-A26F-121FCB030EEE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623111725456" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dyck, Steve Van" docDate="2014" docId="039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03765p133.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3765 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Antechinus arktos Dyck 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="FFA4523F09423E38C66F1765FF84556A" masterDocTitle="The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="122" updateTime="1699002937234" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="FA13E217C3038F9070DA1574CCEF647F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="75DE5E6FBBE76688988A6D3149BC65E2">
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<mods:title id="BE88C8156EB45A6A123614289EA08693">The Black-tailed Antechinus, Antechinus arktos sp. nov.: a new species of carnivorous marsupial from montane regions of the Tweed Volcano caldera, eastern Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E6487911AFB7AFD989B0DF3C66BBE426" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8E725317C0FF1DF8C98F6943D742D2E1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="76786CAA8D77698D8D7DE3ECD456BD33">Dyck, Steve Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C8D134E8206C9CE50A160868FE0DDD81">Queensland Museum, Vertebrate Zoology (Mammals & Birds), PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Qld, 4101, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BE4CF3E192D44DF6AB01AF7892F10C5D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="31F4ED57377DF11A5D9846D95600D95B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="20C92C2D008E918F32BFC266A2087207">
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<mods:date id="EA76FB6B74766ECB9DBD0831F0649A7D">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FC9C1B9B0E4A145B548A61FED7768C3C" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="5043C23EF474B4AF611C092B0772BE1B">2014-02-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="936098F9C4BE24EF25ABE3F01777EF06">3765</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="775A143D91114F8C677E45580BF9DF9C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5595DB02C5A3A6A5C1FC2FD1448BFB32">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E0A789446DFB5E939D347A96E350556A">101</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="AD4D000CB07F47200EF37CB6ECC0A688">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9B9D109D19EC32BF2D6887A8901C5EA5" type="CLB-Dataset">5910</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CFDE32991FE90096CC2D09754A16572B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8CA58D225F9F22C6B7EE5055EFBC2E5D" type="GBIF-Dataset">300ad198-2377-4bfd-9381-6868ee9c5f7a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1FA51D4BAEFC72AE86037BDE25C73AF6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046131" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183227951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5046131" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
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<subSubSection id="C32EC8DA09573E2DC6F81269FD66504C" box="[151,738,1291,1318]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109573E2DC6F81269FD66504C" blockId="21.[151,738,1291,1318]" box="[151,738,1291,1318]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
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<heading id="D0C32C3D09573E2DC6F81269FD66504C" bold="true" box="[151,738,1291,1318]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B940474309573E2DC6F81269FD66504C" bold="true" box="[151,738,1291,1318]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
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Description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C34E0D209573E2DC720126EFE38504F" ID-CoL="679RG" authorityName="Dyck" authorityYear="2014" box="[335,444,1291,1317]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Antechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arktos">
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<emphasis id="B940474309573E2DC720126EFE38504F" bold="true" box="[335,444,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. arktos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="548F25F309573E2DC7AC1269FDB1504C" box="[451,565,1292,1318]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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QMJM20009
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32EC8DA09573E2FC6F81237FCB452B6" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109573E2DC6F81237FEE150E5" blockId="21.[151,1436,1362,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
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<emphasis id="B940474309573E2DC6F81237FEAD5001" bold="true" box="[151,297,1362,1387]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="548F25F309573E2DC75D1237FE425001" box="[306,454,1362,1387]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<collectingRegion id="49F055B309573E2DC7B61237FDD95001" box="[473,605,1362,1387]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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Museum JM20009, Female from Best of All Lookout, Springbrook NP (skull and frozen).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109573E2EC6A812FFFEC855BF" blockId="21.[151,1436,1362,2035]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,2038]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
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<emphasis id="B940474309573E2DC6A812FFFE9150D9" box="[199,277,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Pelage</emphasis>
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(see
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<figureCitation id="130F87D409573E2DC72012FFFE3450D9" box="[335,432,1434,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1743,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-157@6.[151,1436,265,1722]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. (a–b) Photograph of live A. arktos paratype specimen; (c) underside hindfoot of the holotype specimen; note the dark pigmentation around the granules. Photographs (a–b) are Copyright Gary Cranitch (Qld Museum); photograph (c) is Copyright Harry Hines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5045740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5045740/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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):
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<materialsCitation id="3B5C910C09573E2EC7AB12FFFECC55BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312241316" county="Brussels" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="123" location="Prout's Brown" municipality="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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Colours for the
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<taxonomicName id="4C34E0D209573E2DC41B12FEFD5C50D9" authorityName="Dyck" authorityYear="2014" box="[628,728,1434,1459]" class="Mammalia" family="Dasyuridae" genus="Antechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dasyuromorphia" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arktos">
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<emphasis id="B940474309573E2DC41B12FEFD5C50D9" box="[628,728,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">A. arktos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="548F25F309573E2DC4B012FFFCC550D9" box="[735,833,1434,1459]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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are as follows: fur of the mid-back, up to
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<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC37A12FFFAE050D8" box="[1301,1380,1434,1459]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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long with basal
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<locationDeviation id="9A39827309573E2DC77F12DBFD9250BD" box="[272,534,1470,1495]" location="Dark Gull Gray" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
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<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC77F12DBFEDB50BC" box="[272,351,1470,1495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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Dark Gull Gray
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</locationDeviation>
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, median
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<locationDeviation id="9A39827309573E2DC41512DBFCE050BC" box="[634,868,1470,1495]" location="Prout's Brown" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
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<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC41512DBFD3F50BC" box="[634,699,1470,1495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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Prout’s Brown
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</locationDeviation>
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and apical
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<locationDeviation id="9A39827309573E2DC58B12DBFB0350BC" box="[996,1159,1470,1495]" location="Fuscous" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">
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||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC58B12DBFBA150BC" box="[996,1061,1470,1495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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Fuscous
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</locationDeviation>
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black. The back appears overall to be
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<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC7441287FE4A5090" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC7441287FE4A5090" box="[299,462,1506,1531]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="Prout's Brown" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Prout’s Brown</location>
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changing markedly to a rich Brussels Brown to Raw Umber on the rump. Guard hairs (medially-thickened) are
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<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC7AF1162FD985374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC7AF1162FD985374" box="[448,540,1543,1566]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="Fuscous" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Fuscous</location>
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||
black fading to Sepia; they are very prominent giving an overall shaggy appearance, and up to
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<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC7FA114FFE615328" box="[405,485,1578,1603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
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long on the rump, reducing to
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<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC52B114FFC025328" box="[836,902,1578,1603]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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where they terminate at the crown of the head. The head, shoulders and neck are mottled deep olive, dark olive and chaetura black, such that the head and shoulders are distinctly less vibrant than the back and especially the rump. The
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<typeStatus id="548F25F309573E2DC2411117FB1453E1" box="[1070,1168,1650,1675]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
lacks a head-stripe but there are patches of lighter coloured
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||
<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC45F11F3FD0953C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC45F11F3FD0953C5" box="[560,653,1686,1711]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="Dresden" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Dresden</location>
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brown fur above and below the eye.
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<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC24411F3FBF253C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC24411F3FBF253C5" box="[1067,1142,1686,1711]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="Above" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Above</location>
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the eye this fur is reduced to a thin line but under the eye it is more extensive extending under the eye, back towards the cheek and to the tips of the hair in front of the ear, on each side of the head.
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<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC56B11BBFCB4539D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC56B11BBFCB4539D" box="[772,816,1758,1783]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">The</location>
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soft ventral fur, up to
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||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC24211BBFBF9539C" box="[1069,1149,1758,1783]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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||
long on the belly is
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||
<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC30B11BBFE8C5271" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC30B11BBFE8C5271" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="Dark Gull Gray" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Dark Gull Gray</location>
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on the basal
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<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC7F11067FE705270" box="[414,500,1794,1819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
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||
and
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||
<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC4431067FDD85271" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC4431067FDD85271" box="[556,604,1794,1819]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="Pale" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Pale</location>
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||
olive
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<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC4CC1067FD5F5271" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC4CC1067FD5F5271" box="[675,731,1794,1819]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="Grey" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Grey</location>
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||
on the apical
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||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC5151067FC505270" box="[890,980,1794,1819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
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||
<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC5B11066FC6B5270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC5B11066FC6B5270" box="[990,1007,1795,1818]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="It" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">It</location>
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||
is interspersed by medially-thickened spines up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC7471043FEFC5254" box="[296,376,1830,1855]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC7AD1043FD9B5255" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC7AD1043FD9B5255" box="[450,543,1830,1855]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="Forefeet" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Forefeet</location>
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||
and hindfeet are very dark; fuscous black on the upper and lower surface; the underside of both fore and hindfeet are covered in fuscous black pigmented granules, which give it its overall dark appearance.
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||
<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC748100BFED752ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC748100BFED752ED" box="[295,339,1902,1927]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">The</location>
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||
claws on the forefoot are very long, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC536100BFC2E52ED" box="[857,938,1902,1927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3mm</quantity>
|
||
, and slightly longer than the claws on the hindfoot (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC72710F7FE1F52C1" box="[328,411,1938,1963]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC7C110F7FE5E52C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC7C110F7FE5E52C1" box="[430,474,1938,1963]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">The</location>
|
||
tail is very dark, markedly contrasting the rich umber rump; the dorsal surface of the tail is black with a lighter fuscous
|
||
<location id="8EEBCD8A09573E2DC47710D3FDDD52A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039D2A4709573E2FC6F81269FCB452B6:8EEBCD8A09573E2DC47710D3FDDD52A5" box="[536,601,1974,1999]" county="Brussels" municipality="The" name="Black" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Black</location>
|
||
on the underside.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEF012B09573E2DC54810D3FCD752A5" box="[807,851,1974,1999]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
tail hairs are dense, fine and evenly short (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409573E2DC35B10D3FA0B52A5" box="[1332,1423,1974,1999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3mm</quantity>
|
||
); at the rump, the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62EAE3DD09573E2DC73810BFFE325299" box="[343,438,2010,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="122">Brussels</collectingCounty>
|
||
brown / raw umber hairs on the rump are dense, long with long guard hairs and these extend just onto the tail base, but then abruptly terminate after covering
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409543E2EC5D517F2FC7055DA" box="[954,1012,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
|
||
of tail base into the very short-haired, evenly dark tail
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109543E2EC6A817BAFDBF540F" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940474309543E2EC6A817BAFEB25592" box="[199,310,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Vibrissae.</emphasis>
|
||
Approximately 24 mystaceal vibrissae occur on each side and these are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409543E2EC2DB17BAFA80559D" box="[1204,1284,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. All are Fuscous Black in colour. Supra-orbital vibrissae (Fuscous Black) number 2 on the right and 2 on the left; genals (Fuscous Black and colourless) number 6 right and 6 left; ulna-carpals (colourless) number 4 left and 4 right; and submentals (all colourless) number 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109543E2EC6A8160AFF3854C7" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940474309543E2EC6A8160AFF7D54E2" box="[199,249,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Tail.</emphasis>
|
||
The tail is shorter than the head and body. It is thick at the base (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409543E2EC58F160AFB9854E2" box="[992,1052,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="6.0">6mm</quantity>
|
||
) and tapers gradually towards the tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109543E2EC6A816D2FCF05772" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940474309543E2EC6A816D2FEB654BA" box="[199,306,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Hindfoot.</emphasis>
|
||
Interdigital pads are separate. The elongate hallucal and post-hallucal pads are separate on both feet. The metatarsal pad is long and oval shaped; all the foot pads are heavily striate. Claws are very long (longest on hindfoot measures
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409543E2EC703169AFE3A5772" box="[364,446,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9mm</quantity>
|
||
; longest on forefoot measures
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409543E2EC57B169AFCE35772" box="[788,871,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109543E2EC6A81540FB285757" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2038]" box="[199,1196,548,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940474309543E2EC6A81540FF725756" box="[199,246,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Ear.</emphasis>
|
||
For a large antechinus, the ears are smallish (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409543E2EC49C1541FCE15757" box="[755,869,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.629" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="16.29">16.29mm</quantity>
|
||
); the supratragus is uncurled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109543E2EC6A81529FB895626" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940474309543E2EC6A81529FEB55709" box="[199,305,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Dentition</emphasis>
|
||
(refer
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F87D409543E2EC713152EFE58570E" box="[380,476,587,612]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1250,1272]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,194,1212]" captionTargetId="figure-370@7.[151,1436,193,1229]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. arktos holotype specimen photographs of skull and dentary (a–f): a. skull, top view; b. skull, bottom view; c. skull, side view; d. dentary, top view; e. dentary, bottom view; f. dentary, side view. Photographs are Copyright Andrew Baker." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5045742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5045742/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Upper Incisors. I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC4C21522FD31573F" attach="left" box="[685,693,583,597]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
is broad, triangular with a curved anterior plane, almost two times taller-crowned than all other incisors and is not separated by a diastema from I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC266150BFB955716" attach="left" box="[1033,1041,622,636]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
. The flaring crown of I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC376150BFAA55716" attach="left" box="[1305,1313,622,636]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
, spreading posteriorly as well as anteriorly, does not quite meet the slightly flared I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC5DC15F1FC3F57C8" attach="left" box="[947,955,660,674]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
so that the I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC22C15F1FBCF57C8" attach="left" box="[1091,1099,660,674]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
and I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC2E615F1FB1557C8" attach="left" box="[1161,1169,660,674]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
do not quite touch. Left and right I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC77C15D9FE9F57A0" attach="left" box="[275,283,700,714]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
contact to form a cutting "V" and are not markedly procumbent. In crown size I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC2BC15D9FB5F57A0" attach="left" box="[1235,1243,700,714]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">3</superScript>
|
||
=I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC29B15D9FB7857A0" attach="right" box="[1268,1276,700,714]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">4</superScript>
|
||
>I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC37B15D9FA9857A0" attach="left" box="[1300,1308,700,714]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
. All upper incisors, but for I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC7361586FEE5579B" attach="right" box="[345,353,739,753]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">4</superScript>
|
||
, lack buccal cingula and in I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC4CA1586FD29579B" attach="left" box="[677,685,739,753]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">4</superScript>
|
||
the cingulum is positioned to the mid-posterior of the tooth. There is no lack of differentiation between root and crown. All crowns are long antero-posteriorly and low. I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC372146FFAA15672" attach="left" box="[1309,1317,778,792]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">4</superScript>
|
||
carries no anterior or posterior cusp. The roots of I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC4371455FDE45654" attach="left" box="[600,608,816,830]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">4</superScript>
|
||
are wide, slightly wider than I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC5D81454FC3B5655" attach="left" box="[951,959,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">3</superScript>
|
||
and I
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC5911454FB825655" attach="left" box="[1022,1030,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109543E2EC6A81439FE3A56D1" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
|
||
Upper canines: C
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC7E61432FE15560F" attach="left" box="[393,401,855,869]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
is fairly slender and caniniform with a slight boundary between the root and crown. There is a very weak buccal cingulum at the anterior of the tooth and no lingual cingulum. There is a minute anterior cusp and a large posterior cusp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109543E2EC6A814AEFB965114" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
|
||
Upper premolars: All premolars are fairly narrow and slender. Diastemata occur between C
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC2A014A3FB5356BE" attach="left" box="[1231,1239,966,980]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
and P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC37014A3FAA356BE" attach="right" box="[1311,1319,966,980]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
, P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC32A14A3FAC956BE" attach="left" box="[1349,1357,966,980]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
and P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC3FB14A3FA1856BE" attach="right" box="[1428,1436,966,980]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
(diastemata equally sized at
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409543E2EC7B01494FDB65160" box="[479,562,1009,1034]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3mm</quantity>
|
||
), P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC4381488FDDB5691" attach="left" box="[599,607,1005,1019]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
and P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC4C41488FD375691" attach="left" box="[683,691,1005,1019]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">3</superScript>
|
||
(diastema measures
|
||
<quantity id="4CCC36B409543E2EC5CB1494FB875160" box="[932,1027,1009,1034]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05mm</quantity>
|
||
) and P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC2391488FBDA5691" attach="left" box="[1110,1118,1005,1019]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">3</superScript>
|
||
contacts M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC2891488FB6A5691" attach="left" box="[1254,1262,1005,1019]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
. All premolars carry very weak buccal and lingual cingula. In crown size (right and left) P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC5B91371FC5A5148" attach="right" box="[982,990,1044,1058]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">3</superScript>
|
||
>P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC5921371FB815148" attach="left" box="[1021,1029,1044,1058]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
>P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC24B1371FBA85148" attach="left" box="[1060,1068,1044,1058]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
; P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC2261371FBD55148" attach="left" box="[1097,1105,1044,1058]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">3</superScript>
|
||
is 1.3 times larger than P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC3051371FAF65148" attach="left" box="[1386,1394,1044,1058]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
but P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC6C9135EFF2A5123" attach="left" box="[166,174,1083,1097]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
is only 2/3 height of P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC7D9135EFE3A5123" attach="left" box="[438,446,1083,1097]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
. Large posterior cusps occur on P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC52A135EFCDE5123" attach="right" box="[837,858,1083,1097]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1-3</superScript>
|
||
. No upper premolars possess posterolingual lobes, but there is a medial lingual lobe on P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC4501307FDC3511A" attach="left" box="[575,583,1122,1136]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">3</superScript>
|
||
formed at the posterior root of the tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109543E2EC6A813E8FF7150A1" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
|
||
Upper molars: The posterior tip of P
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC40313ECFDF051FD" attach="left" box="[620,628,1161,1175]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">3</superScript>
|
||
is positioned in the parastylar corner of M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC20D13ECFBEE51FD" attach="left" box="[1122,1130,1161,1175]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
but lingual to and slightly below the minute stylar cusp A. The anterior cingulum below stylar cusp B is short, broad and incomplete. Stylar cusp B is moderately large but smaller than the paracone and there is a small, rounded protoconule present; the paracone is smaller than stylar cusp D, which in turn is much smaller than the metacone. Stylar cusp C is small and stylar cusp E is a worn rudament. M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC43C1279FDDF5040" attach="left" box="[595,603,1308,1322]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
possesses a weak posterior cingulum formed at the base of the postprotocrista and tapering posteriorly to a point level with the base of the post-metacrista; thus the protocone appears subtly broad. The metacone is immediately lingual to, and 1.5 times larger than, stylar cusp D. The line from the metastylar corner of M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC7CA12EEFE2950F3" attach="left" box="[421,429,1419,1433]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
to the tip of the protocone is slightly indented and the post-protocrista is moderately swollen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109543E2EC6A812BFFEBE539E" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
|
||
In M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC76C12B3FE8F508E" attach="left" box="[259,267,1494,1508]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
, the very broad anterior cingulum which contacts the metastylar corner of M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC2C912B3FB2A508E" attach="left" box="[1190,1198,1494,1508]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
tapers quickly as it progresses down and along the base of the pre-paracrista and finally degenerates before meeting the trigon basin. Stylar cusp B is smaller than stylar cusp D, which is slightly smaller than the paracone, which in turn is much smaller than the metacone; the protocone is well defined and about the same height as in M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC2A61121FB555338" attach="left" box="[1225,1233,1604,1618]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
; there is a small, rounded protoconule present. Stylar cusp A is low and rounded, stylar cusp C is present, small and rounded but stylar cusp E is a rounded nubbin. M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC43811EAFDDB53F7" attach="left" box="[599,607,1679,1693]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
possesses a weak posterior cingulum formed at the base of the postprotocrista and tapering posteriorly to a point level with the base of the post-metacrista; thus the protocone appears slightly broad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109543E2EC6A81066FD45529C" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">
|
||
In M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC690119BFE835266" attach="left" box="[255,263,1790,1804]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">3</superScript>
|
||
, the anterior cingulum is subequal in breadth and slightly longer than in M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC231119BFBE25266" attach="left" box="[1118,1126,1790,1804]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
. It becomes indistinct after covering 2/3 of the distance between stylar cusp B and the lingual base of the paracone. The protoconule is very low and broadly rounded. Stylar cusp A is very small; stylar cusp B is slightly lower and more rounded than D; these two cusps are smaller than the paracone, which in turn is smaller than the metacone; stylar cusp C forms a clear peak and is slightly larger than the equivalent cusp in M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC52810F7FCCB52CA" attach="left" box="[839,847,1938,1952]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">2</superScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC5F110F7FC2252CA" attach="left" box="[926,934,1938,1952]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">1</superScript>
|
||
; stylar cusp E is very small and rounded. M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909543E2EC3FB10F4FA1852F5" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1937,1951]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="123">3</superScript>
|
||
possesses a very weak posterior cingulum formed at the base of the post-protocrista and tapering posteriorly to a point lingual with the base of the post-metacrista.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109553E2FC6A817FEFEF4544B" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
In M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909553E2FC76D17F2FE8E55CF" attach="left" box="[258,266,151,165]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">4</superScript>
|
||
, the ectoloph between stylar cusps B and D is fairly straight. The narrow anterior cingulum tapers, forming a very narrow shelf that continues all the way to the base of the pre-protocrista; a posterior cingulum is absent. The protocone is greatly reduced and very narrow; the metacone forms a large and obvious rounded lobe at the posterior of M
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909553E2FC70D1663FEEE547E" attach="left" box="[354,362,262,276]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">4</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109553E2FC6A8164BFD9C5769" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Lower incisors: All lower incisors project horizontally from the tip of the dentary. In crown height: I
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC35C1659FABF5420" attach="left" box="[1331,1339,316,330]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
|
||
>I
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC33B1659FAD85420" attach="right" box="[1364,1372,316,330]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
>I
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC31A1659FAF95420" attach="right" box="[1397,1405,316,330]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">3</subScript>
|
||
. I
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC3FB1659FA185420" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,316,330]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">3</subScript>
|
||
is incisiform in lateral view with a distinct posterior cusp at the base of the crest which descends posteriorly from the apex of the primary cusp. The lower canine rests against this posterior cusp. In occlusal view, I
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC37A16E2FA9954FF" attach="left" box="[1301,1309,391,405]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">3</subScript>
|
||
has a very small notch separating the posterior cusp from the prominent posterolingual lobe, and the crown enamel of the primary and posterior cusps fold lingually such that the crest of the two cusps bisects the tooth longitudinally. I
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC30716B7FAF4548A" attach="left" box="[1384,1392,466,480]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">3</subScript>
|
||
has a weak posterior buccal cingulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109553E2FC6A8156AFEB85719" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Lower canines: C
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC7E31579FE105740" attach="left" box="[396,404,540,554]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
|
||
is premolariform. There is moderate curvature from root to crown tip and the tooth is shortcrowned, only slightly larger than P
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC42B1521FDC85738" attach="right" box="[580,588,580,594]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
. C
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC41D1521FDFE5738" attach="left" box="[626,634,580,594]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
|
||
has weak buccal and moderate lingual cingulation and a moderate posterior cusp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109553E2FC6A815E5FE0C563F" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Lower premolars: All premolars are elongate and narrow and there are clear diastemata separating P
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC33B15EBFAD857F6" attach="left" box="[1364,1372,654,668]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
|
||
from both C
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC68C15D0FF6F57A9" attach="left" box="[227,235,693,707]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
|
||
and P
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC75E15D0FEBD57A9" attach="left" box="[305,313,693,707]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
only. In crown height: P
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC42015D0FDD357A9" attach="left" box="[591,599,693,707]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
>P
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC41915D0FDFA57A9" attach="left" box="[630,638,693,707]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">3</subScript>
|
||
>P
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC4F215D0FD2157A9" attach="left" box="[669,677,693,707]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
|
||
, such that P
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC54015D0FCB357A9" attach="left" box="[815,823,693,707]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
is about 1.2 times the height of P
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC2DE15D0FB3D57A9" attach="left" box="[1201,1209,693,707]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">3</subScript>
|
||
and about twice the height of P
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC77E15B9FE9D5780" attach="left" box="[273,281,732,746]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
|
||
. All premolars possess distinct posterior cusps, which in P
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC5C515B9FC365780" attach="left" box="[938,946,732,746]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
is very long. No premolars possess anterior cusps. The bulk of premolar mass is concentrated anteriorly to the line drawn transversely through the middle of the two premolar roots. Postero-lingual lobes are not features of the lower premolars but a narrow cingulum surrounds each tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109553E2FC6A81404FB5A51A9" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Lower molars: All molars are moderately narrow. In M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC558140AFCBB5617" attach="left" box="[823,831,879,893]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
|
||
, the talonid is wider than the trigonid and no anterior cingulum is present. A narrow, weak posterior cingulum extends from the hypoconulid to the posterior base of the protoconid, with a very narrow posterior buccal shelf. The very narrow paraconid appears in occlusal view as a small, steeply sided spur with an appreciable shelf. The paraconid makes little contribution to the bulk of the ectoloph enamel. The metacristid and hypocristid are oblique to the long axis of the dentary. The cristid obliqua is moderate, about 45
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909553E2FC71F1373FEFC514E" attach="left" box="[368,376,1046,1060]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">0</superScript>
|
||
and extends from the hypoconid to the posterior wall of the trigonid, intersecting the trigonid at a point slightly buccal to that point directly below the tip of the protoconid. The hypocristid terminates at the buccal base of the hypoconulid. The entoconid is moderate and rounded on the left mandible but worn to a nubbin on the right mandible. From the base of the small, peaked metaconid posteriorly, the talonid endoloph roughly follows the line of the dentary until the base of the hypoconulid, albeit with a slight lingual bulge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109553E2FC6A813AAFC755378" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
In M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC76E13B8FE8D5181" attach="left" box="[257,265,1245,1259]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
, the trigonid and talonid are about subequal in width. The anterior cingulum is moderate, originating lingually in a weak parastylid notch into which the hypoconulid of M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC5C41261FC375078" attach="left" box="[939,947,1284,1298]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">1</subScript>
|
||
is tucked. A small buccal cingulum occurs between the trigonid and the talonid; a narrow, weak posterior cingulum extends from the hypoconulid to the posterior base of the hypoconid. The paraconid is well developed, but is the smallest trigonid cusp, with the metaconid larger and protoconid largest. The protoconid is well developed and subequal with the protoconid on M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC3E21216FA1150EB" attach="left" box="[1421,1429,1395,1409]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">3</subScript>
|
||
. The entoconid is a moderate, well-developed peak. A fairly steep (60
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909553E2FC5CF12EFFC2C50F2" attach="none" box="[928,936,1418,1432]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">0</superScript>
|
||
) cristid obliqua extends from the hypoconid intersecting the posterior wall of the trigonid at a point directly below the tip of the protoconid, which is well buccal to the metacristid fissure. From the base of the metaconid posteriorly, the endoloph roughly follows the line of the dentary axis, with a slight lingual bulge due to the entoconid swelling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109553E2FC6A8117BFA9A5392" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
In M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC6911149FE825350" attach="left" box="[254,262,1580,1594]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">3</subScript>
|
||
, the trigonid is wider than the talonid. A very weak parastylid wraps around the hypoconulid of M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC3321149FAE15350" attach="left" box="[1373,1381,1580,1594]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
, and the M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC6B51136FF66530B" attach="left" box="[218,226,1619,1633]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">3</subScript>
|
||
anterior cingulum is moderate, similar to that in M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC5471136FCB4530B" attach="left" box="[808,816,1619,1633]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
. A small buccal cingulum occurs between the trigonid and the talonid; the weak posterior cingulum is as in M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC4931118FC8053E1" attach="left" box="[764,772,1661,1675]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
. The fairly steep (60
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909553E2FC583110EFC705313" attach="right" box="[1004,1012,1643,1657]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">0</superScript>
|
||
) cristid obliqua intersects the trigonid at a point slightly lingual to the tip of the protoconid, which is buccal to the metacristid fissure. The entoconid is a moderate, well-developed peak, slightly smaller than that in M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC50B11ADFCE853BC" attach="left" box="[868,876,1736,1750]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
. From the base of the well-developed metaconid posteriorly, the endoloph of the M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC47A118AFD995397" attach="left" box="[533,541,1775,1789]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">3</subScript>
|
||
talonid takes a slightly more buccal orientation than that seen in M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC360118AFA935397" attach="left" box="[1295,1303,1775,1789]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">2</subScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B9B5109553E2FC6A8106DFCB452B6" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">
|
||
In M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC6921073FE81524E" attach="left" box="[253,261,1814,1828]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">4</subScript>
|
||
, the trigonid is much wider than the talonid. The anterior cingulum is moderate, slightly narrower than in M
|
||
<subScript id="17B0991409553E2FC6DF1059FF3C5220" attach="left" box="[176,184,1852,1866]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">3</subScript>
|
||
, but the posterior cingulum is absent. A small buccal cingulum occurs between the trigonid and the talonid. Of the three main trigonid cusps, the metaconid is slightly taller than the paraconid but both are markedly smaller than the protoconid. The cristid obliqua forms a shallower (30
|
||
<superScript id="7C41361909553E2FC572101DFCA152EC" attach="none" box="[797,805,1912,1926]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="124">0</superScript>
|
||
), smaller crest which contacts the trigonid wall directly below the metacristid fissure. Of the talonid cusps, the small hypoconid is the largest cusp. The hypoconulid is very weakly formed and the entoconid is a low, rounded nubbin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |