310 lines
37 KiB
XML
310 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="721B5971A74AB6B7CADA8A74EAB90552" ID-CLB-Dataset="21681" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4792.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dd8ef826-0c0f-4261-b127-1d1afa7f5601" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3895976" ID-ZooBank="326F6A15-216E-439A-AD59-3CDF7551D3F6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1592306202477" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trietsch, Carolyn, Mikó, István, Ezray, Briana & Deans, Andrew R." docDate="2020" docId="039687D1FFA2652C9FA4FABB40C5C607" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4792.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4792 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Conostigmus canadensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFAFFFA9FF82650E9F33FFEC4445C438" masterDocTitle="A Taxonomic Revision of Nearctic Conostigmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="155" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698842444354" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4947B6E07BED6A6AEB9CBC930BF608AD">
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<mods:title id="81580176F77A34C640758B51E66BCF67">A Taxonomic Revision of Nearctic Conostigmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7BFB4E644983B8C110C8AF3974E79411" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5746A5EB93E481F5174DE373045D9C8C">Trietsch, Carolyn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6BDC31595846EA181C8DD9CCC0E2FBE0">Mikó, István</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E4D7701B497BB7DE6A576749BE97766">Ezray, Briana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A42DA981A4E8633C3123A217FCCDFF4B">Deans, Andrew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="79FE21909E0686C2EBDD56D90E8DCA99">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4B2009131F7AB2D48455C0B2ABCA6E01">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A0BAADC3CF0E4E6A271CEA35410A78E9">2020-06-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="313A560D46974EEA656BD92F1F6FAF6D">4792</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039687D1FFA2652C9FA4FABB40C5C607" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164612424" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687D1FFA2652C9FA4FABB40C5C607" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687D1FFA2652C9FA4FABB40C5C607" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="C325654CFFA2652E9FA4FABB46D9C149" box="[151,668,1367,1394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFA2652E9FA4FABB46D9C149" blockId="32.[151,668,1367,1429]" box="[151,668,1367,1394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<heading id="D0C881ABFFA2652E9FA4FABB46D9C149" bold="true" box="[151,668,1367,1394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9FA4FABB46D9C149" ID-CoL="XTHQ" authority="(Ashmead, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[151,668,1367,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9FA4FABB46D9C149" bold="true" box="[151,668,1367,1394]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9FA4FABB4586C14A" bold="true" box="[151,451,1367,1394]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Conostigmus canadensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA2652E9EE1FABB46D6C149" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[466,659,1367,1393]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="48 - 55" refId="ref98982" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1888) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Canadian Proctotrupidae. Canadian Entomology, 20, 48 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 2048 - 3" type="journal article" year="1888">Ashmead, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325654CFFA2652C9FA4FA974660C623" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFA2652E9FA4FA97455EC1AD" blockId="32.[151,668,1367,1429]" box="[151,283,1403,1429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<figureCitation id="13042A42FFA2652E9FA4FA9744B6C1AD" box="[151,243,1403,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1339,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1314]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,597,1314]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Conostigmus canadensis (Ashmead, 1888) female lectotype (USNMENT01339753). A. Lateral habitus. B. Anterior view of the frons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896012/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13042A42FFA2652E9FCCFA97455EC1AD" box="[255,283,1403,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1964,1989]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,489,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[161,1426,489,1939]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 19. Conostigmus canadensis (Ashmead, 1888) female lectotype (USNMENT01339753). A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. Abbreivations: pronotum (prn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896014/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">19</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFA2652E9FA4FA2E4726C255" blockId="32.[151,1437,1474,1970]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9FA4FA2E4657C1E5" bold="true" box="[151,530,1474,1501]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Species Comments and History.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA2652E9D2BFA2F4691C1E5" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[536,724,1475,1501]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="48 - 55" refId="ref98982" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1888) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Canadian Proctotrupidae. Canadian Entomology, 20, 48 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 2048 - 3" type="journal article" year="1888">Ashmead (1888)</bibRefCitation>
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described this species from a single female specimen as part of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9E3FFA0B45ECC239" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1888" box="[268,425,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" genus="Eumegaspilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9E3FFA0B45ECC239" box="[268,425,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Eumegaspilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, characterized by the females being wingless or having reduced wings.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA2652E9BECFA0B41D9C239" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1247,1436,1511,1537]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref99024" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1893) A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 45, 1 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.45.1" type="journal article" year="1893">Ashmead (1893)</bibRefCitation>
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redescribed the species, transferred it to
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9D5BF9E746ACC21D" authorityName="Westwood. Kieffer" authorityYear="1909" box="[616,745,1547,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9D5BF9E746ACC21D" box="[616,745,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Megaspilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and designated
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9C97F9E04027C21D" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[932,1122,1547,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrothorax">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9C97F9E04027C21D" box="[932,1122,1547,1574]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C. erythrothorax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the
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<typeStatus id="54848865FFA2652E9B84F9E040A2C21E" box="[1207,1255,1548,1574]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
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species for
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9A47F9E04550C271" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" genus="Eumegaspilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9A47F9E04550C271" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Eumegaspilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. For
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9E66F9DC4629C271" authority=", Ashmead" authorityName=", Ashmead" authorityYear="1888" box="[341,620,1583,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9E66F9DC45B6C271" box="[341,499,1583,1610]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C. canadensis</emphasis>
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, Ashmead
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</taxonomicName>
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keyed out the female, distinguishing it from other females based on its reduced wings, cuticular sculpture and color differences (1893).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFA2652E9FF4F99B4083C389" blockId="32.[151,1437,1474,1970]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA2652E9FF4F99B45D0C2A9" author="Harrington, W. H." box="[199,405,1655,1681]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="169 - 206" refId="ref101230" refString="Harrington, W. H. (1900) Catalogue of Canadian Proctotrypidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 2, 169 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25118" type="journal article" year="1900">Harrington (1900)</bibRefCitation>
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recorded four more female specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9C46F9944056C2A9" authorityName=", Ashmead" authorityYear="1888" box="[885,1043,1655,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9C46F9944056C2A9" box="[885,1043,1655,1682]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C. canadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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collected with Harrington’s
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9A68F99444B2C28D" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ottawensis">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9A68F99444B2C28D" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C. ottawensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens, noting that these four specimens might be a variety of
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9B35F97040E2C28D" box="[1030,1191,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9B35F97040E6C28D" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1030,1187,1692,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ottawensis">C. ottawensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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We found these four specimens at the CNC, all bearing labels reading “
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9DE0F9534792C2E1" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[723,983,1727,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9DE0F9534792C2E1" box="[723,983,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Megaspilus canadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9CC4F92C40FBC2E1" authority="Ashm." authorityName="Ashm." box="[1015,1214,1727,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ottawensis">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9CC4F92C4028C2E1" box="[1015,1133,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ottawensis</emphasis>
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Ashm.
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</taxonomicName>
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|| W. H. Harrington Collection”.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA2652E9E16F90F45B4C2C5" author="Harrington, W. H." box="[293,497,1763,1789]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="169 - 206" refId="ref101230" refString="Harrington, W. H. (1900) Catalogue of Canadian Proctotrypidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 2, 169 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25118" type="journal article" year="1900">Harrington (1900)</bibRefCitation>
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also recorded the existence of a fifth specimen, which we found at the CNC, bearing only a determination label reading “
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9D1EF8EB4774C319" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[557,817,1799,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9D1EF8EB4774C319" box="[557,817,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Megaspilus canadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”. All of these specimens are females in poor condition (damaged and badly glued, obscuring characters) and none were collected with the
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<typeStatus id="54848865FFA2652E9B0DF8C04037C37E" box="[1086,1138,1836,1862]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
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. These specimens may not match each other, let alone the
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<typeStatus id="54848865FFA2652E9EC3F8BC4665C352" box="[496,544,1872,1898]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA2652E9D77F8BC46A5C351" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[580,736,1871,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA2652E9D77F8BC46A5C351" box="[580,736,1871,1898]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">C. canadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. One female had the preoccipital furrow not reaching the ocellar triangle (the
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<typeStatus id="54848865FFA2652E9E7DF898453BC3B6" box="[334,382,1908,1934]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
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has the preoccipital furrow ending inside the ocellar triangle). Further work must be done to verify whether these specimens are the same species. These five specimens were not databased.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF40664FFFA3652F9FA4FA3945B6C22A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896010" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3896010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896010/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[151,250,1493,1518]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1467]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFA3652F9FA4FA3945B6C22A" blockId="33.[151,1437,1493,1554]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9FA4FA394567C1D6" bold="true" box="[151,290,1493,1518]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9E19FA3A46ACC1D6" authority="(Ashmead, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[298,745,1493,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9E19FA3A466AC1D5" box="[298,559,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Conostigmus californicus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA3652F9D0CFA3946A7C1D6" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[575,738,1493,1518]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref99024" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1893) A monograph of the North American Proctotrypidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 45, 1 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.45.1" type="journal article" year="1893">Ashmead, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male lectotype (USNMENT01339748). A. Dorsal view. B. Dorsal view of the frons. C. Lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFA3652F9FF4F9AC45A0C30A" blockId="33.[151,1436,1600,2022]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA3652F9FF4F9AC452EC262" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[199,363,1600,1626]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref101902" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1909) Hymenoptera. Fam. Ceraphronidae. Genera Insectorum, 94, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1909">Kieffer (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
transferred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9EC6F9AC46D6C262" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[501,659,1600,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9EC6F9AC46D6C262" box="[501,659,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9DE8F9AC4719C262" authorityName="Westwood. Kieffer" authorityYear="1909" box="[731,860,1600,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9DE8F9AC4719C262" box="[731,860,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Megaspilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9CC4F9AC40CCC262" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[1015,1161,1600,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9CC4F9AC40CCC262" box="[1015,1161,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA3652F9BAAF9AC4179C262" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[1177,1340,1600,1626]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref101926" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1914) Serphidae (= Proctotrupidae) et Calliceratidae (= Ceraphronidae). Das Tierreich, 42. lfg. R. Friedlander und sohn., Berlin, 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1219" type="book" year="1914">Kieffer (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
then redescribed and keyed out the female, distinguishing it from other female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9CEDF9884035C246" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[990,1136,1636,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9CEDF9884035C246" box="[990,1136,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its reduced wings and coloration.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA3652F9E25F9644634C29A" author="Muesebeck, C. F. W. & Walkley, L. M." box="[278,625,1671,1698]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="655 - 718" refId="ref103007" refString="Muesebeck, C. F. W. & Walkley, L. M. (1951) Superfamily Proctotrupoidea. In: Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico- - Synoptic Catalogue, US Department of Agriculture Monograph, No. 2, pp. 655 - 718." type="book chapter" year="1951">Muesebeck and Walkley (1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA3652F9D4EF96B46F3C29A" author="Muesebeck, C. F. W. & Walkley, L. M." box="[637,694,1671,1698]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="319 - 419" refId="ref103056" refString="Muesebeck, C. F. W. & Walkley, L. M. (1956) Type species of the genera and subgenera of parasitic wasps comprising the superfamily Proctotrupoidea (order Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 105 (3359), 319 - 419. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.3359.319" type="journal article" year="1956">1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reconsidered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9C69F96447B3C29A" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[858,1014,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9C69F96447B3C29A" box="[858,1014,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848865FFA3652F9B70F9644036C29A" box="[1091,1139,1672,1698]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9BABF9644170C29A" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1888" box="[1176,1333,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" genus="Eumegaspilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9BABF9644170C29A" box="[1176,1333,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Eumegaspilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9FE6F9404537C2FE" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1888" box="[213,370,1708,1734]" class="Insecta" genus="Eumegaspilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9FE6F9404537C2FE" box="[213,370,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Eumegaspilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9D08F9404688C2FE" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" box="[571,717,1708,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9D08F9404688C2FE" box="[571,717,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Conostigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA3652F9DEFF9404007C2FE" author="Muesebeck, C. F. W. & Walkley, L. M." box="[732,1090,1707,1734]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="319 - 419" refId="ref103056" refString="Muesebeck, C. F. W. & Walkley, L. M. (1956) Type species of the genera and subgenera of parasitic wasps comprising the superfamily Proctotrupoidea (order Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 105 (3359), 319 - 419. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.3359.319" type="journal article" year="1956">Muesebeck and Walkley (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
justified this by noting that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9AB0F9404577C2D2" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrothorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9AB0F9404577C2D2" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. erythrothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not in the original description of the genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA3652F9C60F93C40D7C2D2" author="Dessart, P. & Cancemi, P." box="[851,1170,1744,1770]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="307 - 372" refId="ref100578" refString="Dessart, P. & Cancemi, P. (1987) Tableau dichotomique des genres de Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera) avec commentaries et nouvelles especes. Frustula Entomologie, 7 - 8, 307 - 372." type="journal article" year="1987">Dessart and Cancemi (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9BCCF93C41D9C2D2" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1279,1436,1744,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9BCCF93C41D9C2D2" box="[1279,1436,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848865FFA3652F9E31F9184577C336" box="[258,306,1780,1806]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9D7EF91846AFC336" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1888" box="[589,746,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" genus="Eumegaspilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9D7EF91846AFC336" box="[589,746,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Eumegaspilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They also note that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9CEAF9184032C336" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[985,1143,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9CEAF9184032C336" box="[985,1143,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably cosmopolitan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA3652F9FACF8F4459DC30A" author="Dessart, P. & Cancemi, P." box="[159,472,1816,1842]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="307 - 372" refId="ref100578" refString="Dessart, P. & Cancemi, P. (1987) Tableau dichotomique des genres de Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera) avec commentaries et nouvelles especes. Frustula Entomologie, 7 - 8, 307 - 372." type="journal article" year="1987">Dessart and Cancemi, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFA3652C9FF4F8D04103C5B3" blockId="33.[151,1436,1600,2022]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,153,575]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
The female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848865FFA3652F9E61F8D045C7C36E" box="[338,386,1852,1878]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is present at the USNM in the same condition as noted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA3652F9B01F8D041DCC36F" author="Masner, L. & Muesebeck, C. F. W." box="[1074,1433,1852,1879]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref102493" refString="Masner, L. & Muesebeck, C. F. W. (1968) The types of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera) in the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 143 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.270" type="book" year="1968">Masner and Muesebeck (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B36FFA3652F9FA4F88C4593C342" author="Dessart, P. & Cancemi, P." box="[151,470,1888,1914]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="307 - 372" refId="ref100578" refString="Dessart, P. & Cancemi, P. (1987) Tableau dichotomique des genres de Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera) avec commentaries et nouvelles especes. Frustula Entomologie, 7 - 8, 307 - 372." type="journal article" year="1987">Dessart and Cancemi (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that this species could be synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9B0CF88C4097C342" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1087,1234,1888,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lativentris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9B0CF88C4097C342" box="[1087,1234,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. lativentris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While this specimen bears a strong resemblance to the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848865FFA3652F9DA8F8684693C3A6" box="[667,726,1924,1950]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA3652F9DC9F86847C8C3A6" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[762,909,1924,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lativentris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA3652F9DC9F86847C8C3A6" box="[762,909,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C. lativentris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the NHMUK and HNHM (wings reduced or absent, sternaulus present and elongate, facial pit present, postocellar carina present, preoccipital furrow present, median process on the intertorular carina present and acute, axillular carinae present), there are differences in the sculpturing. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848865FFA0652C9E66FF7545C0C48B" box="[341,389,153,179]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
at the NHMUK has foveolate sculpturing on the frons and mesosoma; the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848865FFA0652C9BF8FF7540BEC48B" box="[1227,1275,153,179]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
at the HNHM does not have foveolae but has rugose sculpturing present on the frons and mesosoma; and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848865FFA0652C9BFEFF5140B8C4EF" box="[1229,1277,189,215]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
at the USNM has smooth sculpturing on the frons and mesosoma. Though all three specimens have rugose sculpturing on the apex of the head around the ocelli, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848865FFA0652C9D7BFEE946C6C527" box="[584,643,261,287]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">types</typeStatus>
|
||
at the HNHM and NHMUK have crenulate sternauli, whereas the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848865FFA0652C9A5FFEE941D9C527" box="[1388,1436,261,287]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
at the USNM has a smooth sternaulus. It is possible that these differences could be attributed to size, nutrition and other factors, and that they could be the same species, but further evidence is needed to confirm this.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA0652C9A39FEA1454CC5B3" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lativentris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA0652C9A39FEA1454CC5B3" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Conostigmus lativentris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also only known from the Palearctic, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA0652C9C1CFE9D4789C5B3" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[815,972,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA0652C9C1CFE9D4789C5B3" box="[815,972,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from the Nearctic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFA0652C9FF4FE794660C623" blockId="34.[151,1437,153,575]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA0652C9E36FE7945E7C597" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[261,418,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA0652C9E36FE7945E7C597" box="[261,418,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA0652C9EE9FE794628C597" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[474,621,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lativentris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA0652C9EE9FE794628C597" box="[474,621,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. lativentris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are only known from female specimens. Until the discovery of males or more females, or until the five female specimens at the CNC can be further studied, we cannot confirm if
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA0652C9A65FE5544BCC5CF" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA0652C9A65FE5544BCC5CF" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA0652C9E02FE314581C5CF" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[305,452,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Conostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lativentris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA0652C9E02FE314581C5CF" box="[305,452,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. lativentris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the same species. We consider them separate species at this time, and we regard
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D44FFA0652C9AB0FE314556C623" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Megaspilidae" genus="Megaspilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA0652C9AB0FE314556C623" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA0652C9E7FFDEE465BC623" box="[332,542,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">species inquirenda</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325654CFFA0652C9FF4FDC840C5C607" box="[199,1152,548,575]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036C7FFA0652C9FF4FDC840C5C607" blockId="34.[151,1437,153,575]" box="[199,1152,548,575]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAD5FFA0652C9FF4FDC845F2C607" bold="true" box="[199,439,548,575]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573C9AFFA0652C9E8DFDC940C5C607" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2636226454" box="[446,1152,548,575]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Canada" location="CANADA" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54848865FFA0652C9E8DFDC9466BC607" box="[446,558,549,575]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3287657FFA0652C9DA3FDC94749C607" box="[656,780,549,575]" name="Canada" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: USNMENT01339753 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE02FFA0652C9B2FFDC94036C607" box="[1052,1139,549,575]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |