339 lines
47 KiB
XML
339 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EADB744073104B75B63E1E98F81374AC">A survey of the Sumatran Ctenidae (Araneae). 1. Two new Acantheis species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D9774CB07E947ADF9464FA3ABD083EC0">Fomichev, Alexander A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F826EBFFFE8EE6C8AA9D691EA8235332">Altai State University, Lenina Pr., 61, Barnaul, RF- 656049, Russia & Tomsk State University, Lenina Pr., 36, Tomsk, RF- 634050, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="15320241E0BD79A93ECFA4542C4B38C5">Omelko, Mikhail M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="81CB37B328767200464DE3A5C5B10446">Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4AF02FDBBE51733B2533785E7E304235">Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="705354EDAB44CAC1BEBA00572705D9F9">Altai State University, Lenina Pr., 61, Barnaul, RF- 656049, Russia & Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa & Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Magadan 685000, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="3F93EF738A3C064891AFB752ADBB1C4B">2023</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0C881F7F55C6C7D3EA3A208F565F880" bold="true" box="[151,532,1132,1159]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" reason="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3EDAA208F565F880" ID-CoL="627YR" ID-ENA="2971186" authority="Thorell, 1891" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[238,532,1132,1159]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3EDAA208F616F881" bold="true" box="[238,359,1132,1159]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Acantheis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3F5AA209F565F880" author="Thorell, T." box="[366,532,1132,1159]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref7308" refString="Thorell, T. (1891) Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af sodra Asien. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 24 (2), 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1891">Thorell, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3EA3A2CEF6C5F8C4" ID-CoL="627YR" authority="Thorell, 1891: 61" authorityName="Thorell" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,436,1194,1218]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3EA3A2CEF78AF8C4" box="[151,251,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Acantheis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3F35A2CEF6C5F8C4" author="Thorell, T." box="[257,436,1194,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref7308" refString="Thorell, T. (1891) Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af sodra Asien. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 24 (2), 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1891">Thorell, 1891: 61</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E108AF55C6C7D3F8AA2CEF51EF8C4" author="Simon, E." box="[446,623,1194,1218]" page="118" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" year="1897">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3F8AA2CEF51EF8C4" author="Simon, E." box="[446,623,1194,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref7191" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second. Roret, Paris, pp. 1 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1897">Simon 1897: 118</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B573CC6F55C6C7D3EA3A2ADF429F8E7" box="[151,856,1225,1249]" location="Nias Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54848839F55C6C7D3EA3A2ADF7B8F8E7" box="[151,201,1225,1249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3F2BA2ADF5D1F8E7" authority="Thorell, 1890" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[287,672,1225,1249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acanthoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variatus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3F2BA2ADF57FF8E7" box="[287,526,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Acanthoctenus variatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3C20A2ADF5D1F8E7" author="Thorell, T." box="[532,672,1225,1249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="132 - 172" refId="ref7277" refString="Thorell, T. (1890) Diagnoses aranearum aliquot novarum in Indo-Malesia inventarum. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 30, 132 - 172." type="journal article" year="1890">Thorell, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3256510F55C6C7E3EA3A36BF3D1FD63" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80369BF55C6C7D3EA3A36BF69EF9DB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1295,2041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3EA3A36BF7A7F92F" bold="true" box="[151,214,1295,1321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Note.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3F68A36BF6BBF92F" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[348,458,1295,1321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3F68A36BF6BBF92F" box="[348,458,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Acantheis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described in a brief footnote, with the three species being assigned to it (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3B75A36BF7A5F94B" author="Thorell, T." pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref7308" refString="Thorell, T. (1891) Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af sodra Asien. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 24 (2), 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1891">Thorell, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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): viz.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3F2AA357F6E8F94B" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[286,409,1331,1357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acanthoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variatus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3F2AA357F6E8F94B" box="[286,409,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">A. variatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3F92A357F54AF94B" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[422,571,1331,1357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3F92A357F54AF94B" box="[422,571,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">A. dimidiatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3C45A357F5A2F94B" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[625,723,1331,1357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3C45A357F5A2F94B" box="[625,723,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">A. laetus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The
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<typeStatus id="54848839F55C6C7D3D26A350F433F948" box="[786,834,1332,1358]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">type</typeStatus>
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species was not indicated in that paper.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3B36A357F2EDF94B" author="Simon, E." box="[1282,1436,1331,1357]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref7191" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second. Roret, Paris, pp. 1 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1897">Simon (1897)</bibRefCitation>
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was the first who considered the genus and selected the generotype (
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3D93A333F352F977" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[935,1059,1367,1393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acanthoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variatus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3D93A333F352F977" box="[935,1059,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">A. variatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), although it was described from a juvenile specimen (probably lost according to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3C8AA31FF409F993" author="Lehtinen, P. T." box="[702,888,1403,1429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="199 - 468" refId="ref6878" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen [1967]</bibRefCitation>
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||
), while two others were known from the males. It is worth noticing that
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3F84A3FBF53CF9BF" author="Simon, E." box="[432,589,1439,1465]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref7191" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second. Roret, Paris, pp. 1 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1897">Simon (1897)</bibRefCitation>
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considered the genus in Acantheae, which later were called the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3EA3A3A7F652F9DB" box="[151,291,1475,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acantheinae">Acantheinae</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3F79A3A7F69AF9DB" author="Simon, E." box="[333,491,1475,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref7191" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second. Roret, Paris, pp. 1 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1897">Simon (1897)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B80369BF55C6C7D3EF3A383F220FA6B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1295,2041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">
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||
Initially, we identified our specimens as
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3C91A383F462FA07" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[677,787,1511,1537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3C91A383F462FA07" box="[677,787,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Acantheis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on similarity of their male palps with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3BB0A383F7ABFA23" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3BB0A383F7ABFA23" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">A. laetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was depicted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3FDAA06FF5D7FA23" author="Lehtinen, P. T." box="[494,678,1547,1573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="199 - 468" refId="ref6878" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The following features, highlighted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3A52A06FF273FA23" author="Simon, E." box="[1126,1282,1547,1573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref7191" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second. Roret, Paris, pp. 1 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1897">Simon (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, support their belonging to this genus: high clypeus, long palpal tibia in the males (length/width ratio 4+) and 8–9 pairs of ventral spines on tibiae I (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3FBEA037F567FA6B" author="Simon, E." box="[394,534,1619,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref7191" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome second. Roret, Paris, pp. 1 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1897">Simon 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 109–111). Our specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FBF879F55C6C7D3D81A037F363FA6B" box="[949,1042,1619,1645]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
possess all these characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80369BF55C6C7D3EF3A013F61FFAF8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1295,2041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3EF3A013F6C8FA97" authorityName="Ono" authorityYear="2008" box="[199,441,1655,1681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3EF3A013F6C8FA97" box="[199,441,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Acantheis nipponicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the heavily isolated South Iwo Jima Island has the cymbium with a shortened tip and a slightly modified proximal part and the embolus originating from the proximal part of bulb, which casts doubt on the accuracy of the generic assignment of this geographically isolated species. It could belong to another, yet undescribed genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80369BF55C6C7E3EF3A163F4F4FCD3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1295,2041]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,969]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3EF3A163F586FB27" authority="Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018" authorityName="Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,759,1799,1825]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unumus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3EF3A163F6C3FB27" box="[199,434,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Africactenus unumus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3F8DA163F586FB27" author="Sankaran, P. M. & Sebastian, P. A." box="[441,759,1799,1825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="395 - 406" refId="ref7086" refString="Sankaran, P. M. & Sebastian, P. A. (2018) First record of Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 and redescriptions of two poorly known species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae) from India. Zootaxa, 4388 (3), 395 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4388.3.5" type="journal article" year="2018">Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described based on males from the south of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F328760BF55C6C7D3ADFA163F254FB27" box="[1259,1317,1799,1825]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3B06A163F614FB43" author="Sankaran, P. M. & Sebastian, P. A." pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="395 - 406" refId="ref7086" refString="Sankaran, P. M. & Sebastian, P. A. (2018) First record of Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 and redescriptions of two poorly known species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae) from India. Zootaxa, 4388 (3), 395 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4388.3.5" type="journal article" year="2018">Sankaran & Sebastian 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is another species with doubtful placement. This species possesses several features which we have identified as distinctive for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3C31A12BF502FB6F" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[517,627,1871,1897]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3C31A12BF502FB6F" box="[517,627,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, namely: 1) presence of clusters of stiff setae on the dorso-posterior part of opisthosoma; 2) elongated cymbial tip as long as the bulb; 3) the bifurcated embolic tip is divided into dorsal and ventral branches pointing in the same direction (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55C6C7D3CD4A1F3F36DFBB7" author="Sankaran, P. M. & Sebastian, P. A." box="[736,1052,1943,1969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" pagination="395 - 406" refId="ref7086" refString="Sankaran, P. M. & Sebastian, P. A. (2018) First record of Africactenus Hyatt, 1954 and redescriptions of two poorly known species of Ctenus Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae) from India. Zootaxa, 4388 (3), 395 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4388.3.5" type="journal article" year="2018">Sankaran & Sebastian 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1A, 3). Due to this there is a possibility that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3F77A1DFF55FFBD3" authorityName="Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[323,558,1979,2005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unumus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3F77A1DFF55FFBD3" box="[323,558,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Africactenus unumus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
actually belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3D39A1DFF40AFBD3" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[781,891,1979,2005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3D39A1DFF40AFBD3" box="[781,891,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3DC8A1DFF396FBD3" authorityName="Sankaran & Sebastian" authorityYear="2018" box="[1020,1255,1979,2005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Africactenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unumus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3DC8A1DFF396FBD3" box="[1020,1255,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Africactenus unumus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has features not typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3F27A1BBF6F0FBFF" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[275,385,2015,2041]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3F27A1BBF6F0FBFF" box="[275,385,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55C6C7D3FD6A1BBF50DFBFF" authorityName="Ono" authorityYear="2008" box="[482,636,2015,2041]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55C6C7D3FD6A1BBF50DFBFF" box="[482,636,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="118">A. nipponicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
): modified cymbium with lamella-like outgrowth retro-proximally (vs. cymbium with no modifications) and straight and thick embolus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3D41A6F3F4FDFCB6" box="[885,908,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. thin and strongly curved). So, we refrain from transferring of this species as long as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3C08A6DFF5DBFCD3" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[572,682,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3C08A6DFF5DBFCD3" box="[572,682,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unrevised.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80369BF55F6C7E3EF3A6BBF3D1FD63" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">
|
||
A series of photographs of four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3C71A6BBF5C2FCFF" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[581,691,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3C71A6BBF5C2FCFF" box="[581,691,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphospecies, which are most probably new to science, were published in the photographic field guide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55F6C7E3C5AA767F443FD1B" author="Koh, J. K. H. & Bay, N." box="[622,818,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" refId="ref6726" refString="Koh, J. K. H. & Bay, N. (2019) Borneo Spiders: A Photographic Field Guide. Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan, 498 pp." type="book" year="2019">Koh & Bay 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This account, as well as our findings, suggests that the real species diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3F98A743F56BFD47" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[428,538,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3F98A743F56BFD47" box="[428,538,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in South-East Asia is much higher than the currently known. We are confident that a large number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3FA1A72FF52AFD63" box="[405,603,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3FA1A72FF572FD63" box="[405,515,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will be discovered and described in the near future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3256510F55F6C7E3EF3A70AF5F5FFCF" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80369BF55F6C7E3EF3A70AF5F5FFCF" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3EF3A70AF633FD8E" bold="true" box="[199,322,366,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3F7FA70BF6C8FD8F" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[331,441,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3F7FA70BF6C8FD8F" box="[331,441,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all the ctenid genera known from South-East Asia (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3A93A70BF6E5FDAB" authority="Raven, Stumkat et Gray, 2001" authorityName="Raven, Stumkat et Gray" authorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Amauropelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3A93A70BF234FD8F" box="[1191,1349,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Amauropelma</emphasis>
|
||
Raven, Stumkat et Gray, 2001
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3FABA7F7F5E4FDAB" authority="Karsch, 1879" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[415,661,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Anahita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3FABA7F7F689FDAB" box="[415,504,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Anahita</emphasis>
|
||
Karsch, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3C94A7F7F41DFDAB" authority="Jager, 2022" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2022" box="[672,876,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Bowie" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3C94A7F7F597FDAA" box="[672,742,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Bowie</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55F6C7E3CD9A7F7F41DFDAB" author="Jager, P." box="[749,876,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref6817" refString="Jager, P. (2022) Bowie gen. nov., a diverse lineage of ground-dwelling spiders occurring from the Himalayas to Papua New Guinea and northern Australia (Araneae: Ctenidae: Cteninae). Zootaxa, 5170 (1), 1 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5170.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Jäger, 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3D95A7F7F2E4FDAB" authority="Marusik, Zhang et Omelko, 2012" authorityName="Marusik, Zhang et Omelko" authorityYear="2012" box="[929,1429,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Sinoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3D95A7F7F36BFDAB" box="[929,1050,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Sinoctenus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55F6C7E3A14A7F7F2E4FDAB" author="Marusik, Y. M. & Zhang, F. & Omelko, M. M." box="[1056,1429,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" pagination="61 - 66" refId="ref6917" refString="Marusik, Y. M., Zhang, F. & Omelko, M. M. (2012) A new genus and species of ctenid spiders (Aranei: Ctenidae) from South China. Arthropoda Selecta, 21 (1), 61 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 21.1.05" type="journal article" year="2012">Marusik, Zhang et Omelko, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by the presence of clusters of stiff setae (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3C6DA7D3F50BFDD7" box="[601,634,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">CS</emphasis>
|
||
) on the dorso-posterior part of opisthosoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A1EF55F6C7E3A5BA7D3F3C3FDD7" box="[1135,1202,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 7–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1465,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[151,1436,181,1442]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7–11. General appearance (7–8), cephalic part (9) and prosoma with legs (10–11) of Acantheis sergeimishenini sp. n. (7–9), and A. andreimishenini sp. n. (10–11). 7—male, dorsal; 8—ditto, ventral; 9—ditto, anterior; 10—ditto, lateral; 11—female, lateral. Scale: 7, 8, 10, 11=1 mm. Abbreviation: CS—cluster of stiff setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8427066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8427066/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3B1AA7D3F2EDFDD7" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[1326,1436,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3B1AA7D3F2EDFDD7" box="[1326,1436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ in having an elongated cymbial tip, which is as long as the bulb (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3D85A7BFF4B9FDF2" box="[945,968,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. the cymbial tip significantly shorter than the bulb, or even absent, cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A1EF55F6C7E3FE9A79BF52CFE1F" box="[477,605,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–21" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,186,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[186,1401,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12–21. Male palp of Acantheis sergeimishenini sp. n. (12–16), and A. andreimishenini sp. n. (17–21). 12, 17—whole palp, retrolateral; 13, 18—terminal part of the palp, prolateral; 14, 19—ditto, ventral; 15, 20—ditto, retrolateral; 16, 21—ditto, dorsal. Scale: 12, 17=1 mm; 13–16, 18–21=0.5 mm. Abbreviations: RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8427068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8427068/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Figs 14, 19</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55F6C7E3CA3A79BF4BAFE1F" author="Polotow, D. & Brescovit, A. D." box="[663,971,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" pagination="333 - 361" refId="ref7027" refString="Polotow, D. & Brescovit, A. D. (2014) Phylogenetic analysis of the tropical wolf spider subfamily Cteninae (Arachnida, Araneae, Ctenidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 333 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12101" type="journal article" year="2014">Polotow & Brescovit 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 6b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55F6C7E3A06A79BF3C3FE1F" author="Jager, P." box="[1074,1202,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref6759" refString="Jager, P. (2012) Asian species of the genera Anahita Karsch 1879, Ctenus Walckenaer 1805 and Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray 2001 (Arachnida: Araneae: Ctenidae). Zootaxa, 3429 (1), 1 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3429.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Jäger 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 32;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55F6C7E3B2DA79BF2E8FE1F" author="Jager, P." box="[1305,1433,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref6817" refString="Jager, P. (2022) Bowie gen. nov., a diverse lineage of ground-dwelling spiders occurring from the Himalayas to Papua New Guinea and northern Australia (Araneae: Ctenidae: Cteninae). Zootaxa, 5170 (1), 1 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5170.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Jäger 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 338;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55F6C7E3F34A447F695FE3B" author="Marusik, Y. M. & Zhang, F. & Omelko, M. M." box="[256,484,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" pagination="61 - 66" refId="ref6917" refString="Marusik, Y. M., Zhang, F. & Omelko, M. M. (2012) A new genus and species of ctenid spiders (Aranei: Ctenidae) from South China. Arthropoda Selecta, 21 (1), 61 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 21.1.05" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Marusik
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3F52A447F6D1FE3B" box="[358,416,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 9–11), and the bifurcated embolic tip, which is divided into dorsal and ventral branches pointing in the same direction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A1EF55F6C7E3C69A423F5AFFE67" box="[605,734,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[183,1401,194,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[183,1404,181,1815]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 30–35. Terminal part of the embolus (30–31) and female genitalia (32–35) of Acantheis sergeimeshenini sp. n. (30), and A. andreimishenini sp. n. (31–35). 30, 31—retrolateral; 32—intact epigyne, ventral; 33—macerated epigyne, ventral; 34—endogyne, dorsal; 35—epigyne, posterior. Scale: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: Cn—conductor, DB—dorsal branch of embolus, Em—embolus, ET—epigynal tooth, Fo—fovea, ME—membranous extension of embolus, RI—receptacle’s chamber I, RII—receptacle’s chamber II, Re—receptacle, SB—septal base, SH—septal hump, SS—septal stem, VB—ventral branch of embolus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8427072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8427072/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Figs 30, 31</figureCitation>
|
||
; vs. undivided apical part of embolus or divided into prolateral and retrolateral branches). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3C6FA40FF5B8FE83" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[603,713,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3C6FA40FF5B8FE83" box="[603,713,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males can be distinguished from all south-east Asian ctenids but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3EA3A4EBF781FEAF" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,240,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Anahita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3EA3A4EBF781FEAF" box="[151,240,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Anahita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the proximal part of the cymbium with no modifications (vs. the presence of prolateral cymbial bulge or retro-proximal cymbial outgrowth). Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3C8DA4D7F456FECB" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[697,807,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3C8DA4D7F456FECB" box="[697,807,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3AA4A4D7F398FECB" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[1168,1257,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Anahita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3AA4A4D7F398FECB" box="[1168,1257,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Anahita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the embolus starting from the prolateral side of the bulb (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3CB2A4B3F5ECFEF6" box="[646,669,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. the retrolateral or posterior side, cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A1EF55F6C7E3A08A4B3F3C9FEF7" box="[1084,1208,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–29" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[151,1436,181,1724]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–29. Bulb of Acantheis sergeimishenini sp. n. (22–25), and A. andreimishenini sp. n. (26–29). 22, 26—prolateral; 23, 27—ventral; 24, 28—retrolateral; 25, 29—apical. Scale: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: BP—basal process of embolus, Cn— conductor, DB—dorsal branch of embolus, EB—embolic base, Em—embolus, ES—embolic spike, ME—membranous extension of embolus, SD—sperm duct, SN—subtegular notch, St—subtegulum, TA—tegular apophysis, Te—tegulum, TP—tegular process, VB—ventral branch of embolus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8427070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8427070/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Figs 23, 27</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55F6C7E3ADAA4B3F21DFEF7" author="Jager, P." box="[1262,1388,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref6759" refString="Jager, P. (2012) Asian species of the genera Anahita Karsch 1879, Ctenus Walckenaer 1805 and Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray 2001 (Arachnida: Araneae: Ctenidae). Zootaxa, 3429 (1), 1 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3429.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Jäger 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 32). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3F7FA49FF6C8FF13" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[331,441,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3F7FA49FF6C8FF13" box="[331,441,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of other Oriental ctenid genera, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3A01A49FF30AFF12" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2022" box="[1077,1147,763,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Bowie" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3A01A49FF30AFF12" box="[1077,1147,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Bowie</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having the receptacles subdivided into two chambers (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3C31A57BF56DFF3E" box="[517,540,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. undivided, cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="13042A1EF55F6C7E3CE1A57BF459FF3F" box="[725,808,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1839,1863]" captionTargetBox="[183,1401,194,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[183,1404,181,1815]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 30–35. Terminal part of the embolus (30–31) and female genitalia (32–35) of Acantheis sergeimeshenini sp. n. (30), and A. andreimishenini sp. n. (31–35). 30, 31—retrolateral; 32—intact epigyne, ventral; 33—macerated epigyne, ventral; 34—endogyne, dorsal; 35—epigyne, posterior. Scale: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: Cn—conductor, DB—dorsal branch of embolus, Em—embolus, ET—epigynal tooth, Fo—fovea, ME—membranous extension of embolus, RI—receptacle’s chamber I, RII—receptacle’s chamber II, Re—receptacle, SB—septal base, SH—septal hump, SS—septal stem, VB—ventral branch of embolus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8427072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8427072/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55F6C7E3D50A57BF3ECFF3F" author="Polotow, D. & Brescovit, A. D." box="[868,1181,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" pagination="333 - 361" refId="ref7027" refString="Polotow, D. & Brescovit, A. D. (2014) Phylogenetic analysis of the tropical wolf spider subfamily Cteninae (Arachnida, Araneae, Ctenidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 333 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12101" type="journal article" year="2014">Polotow & Brescovit 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 15b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55F6C7E3B23A57BF2E8FF3F" author="Jager, P." box="[1303,1433,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref6759" refString="Jager, P. (2012) Asian species of the genera Anahita Karsch 1879, Ctenus Walckenaer 1805 and Amauropelma Raven, Stumkat & Gray 2001 (Arachnida: Araneae: Ctenidae). Zootaxa, 3429 (1), 1 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3429.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Jäger 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 26). The endogynes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3FE0A527F56BFF5A" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="2022" box="[468,538,835,860]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Bowie" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3FE0A527F56BFF5A" box="[468,538,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Bowie</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are polymorphic, representing both subdivided and undivided receptacles (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B6AF55F6C7E3EA3A503F667FF87" author="Jager, P." box="[151,278,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref6817" refString="Jager, P. (2022) Bowie gen. nov., a diverse lineage of ground-dwelling spiders occurring from the Himalayas to Papua New Guinea and northern Australia (Araneae: Ctenidae: Cteninae). Zootaxa, 5170 (1), 1 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5170.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Jäger 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 6, 529, 532). However, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3CBDA503F456FF87" box="[649,807,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3CBDA503F5BEFF86" box="[649,719,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Bowie</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with subdivided receptacles always have the receptacle chambers of different sizes: one could be 2–4 times (or even more) larger than the second one. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D18F55F6C7E3AD8A5EFF22BFFA3" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[1260,1370,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenidae" genus="Acantheis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEA89F55F6C7E3AD8A5EFF22BFFA3" box="[1260,1370,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="119">Acantheis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such receptacle chambers are about equal in size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |