176 lines
18 KiB
XML
176 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B224C7B1D6F8FD1022A52C9446C7DD5B">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0310F1A7B3FB35BBFB16F544659807B">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ABD8DEC6204BDA6355EAA403F2A03AD4">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B1C3CC6A286B0E9A9EA1A24C23E8931">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7BC4DC5B65B3019EB16E15A0A417BDD" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="85E44AF8B9A308E536A70F98CE309C35">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AA88772A5F60FF09F7B71B47CC2E7F7F">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560F77C777BABF8BA5B433FDD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7717487" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7717487" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F77C777BABF8BA5B433FDD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F77C777BABF8BA5B433FDD5" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F77C777BABF8BA5B760FF7D" box="[151,526,150,177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F77C777BABF8BA5B760FF7D" blockId="28.[151,1437,150,537]" box="[151,526,150,177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777BABF8BA5B5A6FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,200,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">187.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F77C777BAE68BA4B764FF7D" ID-CoL="3QGKC" ID-ENA="44321" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[206,522,150,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777BAE68BA4B41CFF7D" bold="true" box="[206,370,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ixodes pilosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777BB508BA5B764FF7D" author="Koch, C. L." box="[376,522,151,177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref219297" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht ¸ ber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F77C777B83A8BA5B104FF19" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F77C777B83A8BA5B104FF19" blockId="28.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F77C777B8E08BA5B657FF7D" box="[712,825,151,177]" name="Botswana" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F77C777B9498BA5B6A8FF7D" box="[865,966,151,177]" name="Swaziland" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F77C777B9C68BA5B1EBFF7D" box="[1006,1157,151,177]" name="Mozambique" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F77C777BE848BA5B052FF7D" box="[1196,1340,151,177]" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F77C777BF4C8BA5B58EFF19" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777BAC78B89B4D1FF19" author="Norval, R. A. I. & Spickett, A. M. & Clifford, C. M." box="[239,447,187,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref236857" refString="Norval, R. A. I., Spickett, A. M. & Clifford, C. M. (1987) The ticks of Zimbabwe. XVI. The genus Ixodes. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 18, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1987">
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Norval
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777BB6D8B89B410FF19" box="[325,382,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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1987
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777BBE28B89B7F3FF19" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." box="[458,669,187,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="27 - 48" refId="ref251420" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1993 a) Some data concerning the ticks (Acarina-Ixodoidea) presently known in Mozambique. Garcia de Orta Serie Zoologia, 18, 27 - 48." type="journal article" year="1993">Santos Dias 1993a</bibRefCitation>
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, Walker A.R.
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777B9128B89B61CFF19" box="[826,882,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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2003,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777B9978B89B131FF19" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[959,1119,187,213]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F77C777BAEF8BEDB433FDD5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F77C777BAEF8BEDB1C9FE61" blockId="28.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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For many years it has been accepted that
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F77C777B8BA8BEDB65FFF35" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[658,817,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777B8BA8BEDB65FFF35" box="[658,817,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ixodes pilosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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represents a species complex, but the situation remains unresolved (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777BB378A31B488FED1" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[287,486,259,285]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777BB458A31B4CBFED1" box="[365,421,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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), as is the geographic distribution of ticks bearing this name.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777BEA38A31B58CFE8D" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref199027" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0" type="book" year="2018">Guglielmone & Robbins (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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accepted the opinion of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777BBDC8A15B7C4FE8D" author="Burridge, M. J." box="[500,682,295,321]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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, who believed that
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777B9A98A15B1E1FE8D" box="[897,1167,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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bona fide
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F77C777B9D88A15B1E1FE8D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1008,1167,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">Ixodes pilosus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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is restricted to
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F77C777BF128A15B0F2FE8D" box="[1338,1436,295,321]" name="Swaziland" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F77C777BAEE8A79B439FEA9" box="[198,343,331,357]" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, but
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777BBA48A79B743FEA9" author="Walker, J. B." box="[396,557,331,357]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="81 - 105" refId="ref263045" refString="Walker, J. B. (1991) A review of the ixodid ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) occurring in southern Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 58, 81 - 105." type="journal article" year="1991">Walker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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argued that this tick is also present in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F77C777B9F08A79B13DFEA9" box="[984,1107,331,357]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777BEA48A79B001FEA9" author="Santos Dias, J. A. T." box="[1164,1391,331,357]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="27 - 48" refId="ref251420" refString="Santos Dias, J. A. T. (1993 a) Some data concerning the ticks (Acarina-Ixodoidea) presently known in Mozambique. Garcia de Orta Serie Zoologia, 18, 27 - 48." type="journal article" year="1993">Santos Dias (1993a)</bibRefCitation>
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implied that
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F77C777BB2E8A5DB4CBFE45" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[262,421,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777BB2E8A5DB4CBFE45" box="[262,421,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ixodes pilosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is found in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F77C777B8028A5DB7AFFE45" box="[554,705,367,393]" name="Mozambique" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, while stating that most records are not based on
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777BECC8A5DB580FE61" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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bona fide
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F77C777BF7B8A5DB584FE61" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">Ixodes pilosus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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For these reasons, the above range of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F77C777B8B38AA1B655FE61" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[667,827,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777B8B38AA1B655FE61" box="[667,827,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ixodes pilosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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must be considered provisional.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F77C777BAEF8A85B433FDD5" blockId="28.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777BAEF8A85B4F6FE1D" author="Phan Trong, C." box="[199,408,439,465]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref243268" refString="Phan Trong, C. (1977) Ve bet va con trung ky sinh o Viet Nam. Tap 1 (Ixodoidea). Mo ta va phan loai. Hanoi, 489 pp. [in Vietnamese]" type="book" year="1977">Phan Trong (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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listed
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F77C777BBC98A85B711FE1D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[481,639,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777BBC98A85B711FE1D" box="[481,639,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ixodes pilosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as occurring in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F77C777B9068A85B6FEFE1D" box="[814,912,439,465]" name="Vietnam" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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, but this tick is not found there (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777BEDA8A85B0FFFE1D" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1266,1425,439,465]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F77C777BABF8AE9B40FFE39" author="Adil, M. M. & Parveen, A. & Asif, M. & Farooq, M. & Iqbal, F." box="[151,353,475,501]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="633 - 637" refId="ref167117" refString="Adil, M. M., Parveen, A., Asif, M., Farooq, M. & Iqbal, F. (2021) Prevalence and identification of tick species on large ruminants from district Rajanpur in Punjab Pakistan, International Journal of Acarology, 47, 633 - 637. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647954.2021.1976832" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Adil
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777BAFA8AE9B463FE39" box="[210,269,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
allegedly found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F77C777B80E8AE9B7A9FE39" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[550,711,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F77C777B80E8AE9B7A9FE39" box="[550,711,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ixodes pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F77C777B8D88AE9B621FE39" box="[752,847,475,501]" name="Pakistan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(east), but this record is treated here as a probable misidentification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |