274 lines
31 KiB
XML
274 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0F17907D1C63CB9CE94F93C0D01A2A1D">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="33D34AD538983684879B0982056537E5">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3749925D9533E76FB90F98D99B335281">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D1B98AF0B5E59372242878750D48AC41">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FB98744196000752017E2BE8EBA1173F" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E54B3B9183CEE2C2428D567495CFE9B9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8DAE3902B848663F0802266797DFA7A0">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560F5BC75BBABF8ABFB59EFB21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7717692" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7717692" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F5BC75BBABF8ABFB59EFB21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F5BC75BBABF8ABFB59EFB21" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F5BC75BBABF8ABFB71AFE6B" box="[151,628,396,423]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5BC75BBABF8ABFB71AFE6B" blockId="48.[151,1437,396,1261]" box="[151,628,396,423]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBABF8ABFB5D4FE6B" bold="true" box="[151,186,397,423]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">54.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBAEA8ABEB71EFE6B" ID-CoL="65ZKK" ID-ENA="34608" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[194,624,396,423]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBAEA8ABEB4BCFE6B" bold="true" box="[194,466,396,423]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBBF38ABFB71EFE6B" author="Koch, C. L." box="[475,624,397,423]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref219297" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht ¸ ber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F5BC75BB8538ABFB619FE21" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5BC75BB8538ABFB619FE21" blockId="48.[151,1437,396,1261]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB91E8ABFB6C9FE6B" box="[822,935,397,423]" name="Botswana" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB9FD8ABFB154FE6B" box="[981,1082,397,423]" name="Swaziland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBE408ABFB1DAFE6B" box="[1128,1204,397,423]" name="Kenya" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBEC98ABFB016FE6B" box="[1249,1400,397,423]" name="Mozambique" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBABF8A82B449FE06" box="[151,295,432,458]" name="South Africa" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBB678A82B4C9FE06" box="[335,423,432,458]" name="Zambia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBBF88A82B726FE06" box="[464,584,432,458]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB87D8A82B7B2FE06" author="Colbo, M. H." box="[597,732,432,458]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="97 - 105" refId="ref184126" refString="Colbo, M. H. (1973) Ticks of Zambian wild animals: a preliminary checklist. Puku, (7), 97 - 105." type="journal article" year="1973">Colbo 1973</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB8CE8A82B614FE06" author="Tandon, S. K." box="[742,890,432,458]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref256942" refString="Tandon, S. K. (1991) The ixodid ticks of Zambia (Acarina: Ixodidae). A study of distribution, ecology and host relationships. Occasional Paper of the Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 134, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1991">Tandon 1991</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB9AD8A82B165FE06" author="Morel, P. C." box="[901,1035,432,458]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBE3C8A82B041FE06" author="Wanzala, W. & Okanga, S." box="[1044,1327,432,458]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="789 - 794" refId="ref263881" refString="Wanzala, W. & Okanga, S. (2006) Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with wildlife and vegetation of Haller Park along the Kenyan coastline. Journal of Medical Entomology, 43, 789 - 794. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 43.5.789" type="journal article" year="2006">Wanzala & Okanga 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBF118A82B5BFFE21" author="Burridge, M. J." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBAF48AE1B4CDFE21" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[220,419,467,493]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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||
Horak
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBB018AE6B40FFE21" box="[297,353,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2018
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBB868AE1B710FE21" author="Ledger, K. J. & Beati, L. & Wisely, S. M." box="[430,638,467,493]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref225189" refString="Ledger, K. J., Beati, L. & Wisely, S. M. (2021) Survey of ticks and tick-borne rickettsial and protozoan pathogens in Eswatini. Pathogens, 10 (article 1043), 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / pathogens 10081043" type="journal article" year="2021">
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||
Ledger
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB82C8AE6B753FE21" box="[516,573,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2021
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB8A18AE1B604FE21" author="Shekede, M. D. & Chikerema, S. M. & Spargo, M. & Gwitira, I. & Kusangaya, S. & Mazhindu, A. N. & Ndhlovu, D. N." box="[649,874,467,493]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref253925" refString="Shekede, M. D., Chikerema, S. M., Spargo, M., Gwitira, I., Kusangaya, S., Mazhindu, A. N. & Ndhlovu, D. N. (2021) Spatial clustering of fourteen tick species across districts of Zimbabwe. BMC Veterinary Research, 17 (article 91), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12917 - 021 - 02792 - 2" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Shekede
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB8C78AE6B646FE21" box="[751,808,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2021
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F5BC75BBAEF8AC4B59EFB21" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5BC75BBAEF8AC4B460FC1A" blockId="48.[151,1437,396,1261]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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Most authors treat
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBBB58AC4B7CFFDDC" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[413,673,502,528]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBBB58AC4B7CFFDDC" box="[413,673,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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as confined to southern Africa, although
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBE518AC4B03DFDDC" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[1145,1363,502,528]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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||
Horak
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||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBEEF8AC4B06EFDDC" box="[1223,1280,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
stated that records of this tick from
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBBC9892AB72FFDFE" box="[481,577,536,562]" name="Namibia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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||
are not from established populations. Males of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBE74892AB00EFDFE" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1116,1376,536,562]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBE74892AB00EFDFE" box="[1116,1376,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been collected in
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBB758909B4ACFD99" box="[349,450,571,597]" name="Tanzania" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBBF9890EB788FD99" author="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B." box="[465,742,571,598]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman & Walker 1967</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB8DA890EB6D5FD9A" author="Lynen, G. & Zeman, P. & Bakuname, C. & Di Giulio, G. & Mtui, P. & Sanka, P. & Jongejan, F." box="[754,955,571,598]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="303 - 319" refId="ref227161" refString="Lynen, G., Zeman, P., Bakuname, C., Di Giulio, G., Mtui, P., Sanka, P. & Jongejan, F. (2007) Cattle ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma of economic importance in Tanzania: distribution assessed with GIS based on an extensive field survey. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 43, 303 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 007 - 9123 - 9" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Lynen
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB917890EB616FD99" box="[831,888,571,597]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2007
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but these authors stated that
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBF388909B469FDB4" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBF388909B469FDB4" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not established in that country.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB8A6896CB65CFDB4" author="Theiler, G." box="[654,818,606,632]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref258651" refString="Theiler, G. (1962) The Ixodoidea parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian region). Report to the Director of Veterinary Services, Onderstepoort, South Africa, Project S. 9958, 260 pp." type="book" year="1962">Theiler (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB942896CB160FDB5" author="Walker, J. B." box="[874,1038,606,633]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated the few records of this tick from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBAFD89B0B470FD50" box="[213,286,642,668]" name="Kenya" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
as resulting from confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BB8B389B3B6EEFD57" box="[667,896,641,667]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB8B389B3B6EEFD57" box="[667,896,641,667]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but Wanzala & Okango (2006) found evidence supporting the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBBE08996B7A2FD72" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[456,716,676,702]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBBE08996B7A2FD72" box="[456,716,676,702]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB8D88997B653FD73" box="[752,829,677,703]" name="Kenya" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The northern limit to the geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBABF89F5B4F2FD2D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,412,711,737]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBABF89F5B4F2FD2D" box="[151,412,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the Afrotropical Region is thought here to be uncertain, and the range of this tick is provisional. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBBE089D8B7C0FCC8" box="[456,686,746,772]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBBE089D8B7C0FCC8" box="[456,686,746,772]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are morphologically indistinguishable from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBF3889D8B743FCEB" authority="(Walker & Olwage 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Walker & Olwage" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBF3889D8B469FCEB" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBB3F883FB74BFCEB" author="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A." box="[279,549,781,807]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="353 - 379" refId="ref263132" refString="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A. (1987) The tick vectors of Cowdria ruminantium (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae, genus Amblyomma) and their distribution. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 54, 353 - 379." type="journal article" year="1987">Walker & Olwage 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but males of the latter species have been found in material collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBF7B883CB0F2FCE4" box="[1363,1436,782,808]" name="Kenya" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBAE08802B45EFC86" box="[200,304,816,842]" name="Tanzania" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBB928802B7D0FC86" baseAuthorityName="Walker & Olwage" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[442,702,816,842]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBB928802B7D0FC86" box="[442,702,816,842]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens collected in these two countries may represent either introductions that failed to establish permanent populations or permanent populations that have been overlooked. The study by Wanzala & Okango (2006) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB88B8844B782FC5C" box="[675,748,886,912]" name="Kenya" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
supports the latter conclusion, which should be confirmed through additional research, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB82E88ABB721FC7F" box="[518,591,921,947]" name="Kenya" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
is provisionally included within the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBF3888ABB469FC1A" baseAuthorityName="Walker & Olwage" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBF3888ABB469FC1A" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F5BC75BBAEF88EDB59EFB21" blockId="48.[151,1437,396,1261]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBAEF88EDB4DFFC35" author="Wahedi, J. A. & Ande, A. T. & Pukuma, M. S. & David, C. & Danladi, T. & Adokwe, J. B." box="[199,433,991,1017]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref262743" refString="Wahedi, J. A., Ande, A. T., Pukuma, M. S., David, C., Danladi, T. & Adokwe, J. B. (2020) A survey of ticks infestation on some domestic animals in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 1 (3), 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.24018 / ejbio. 2020.1.3.25" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Wahedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBB0C88D2B430FC35" box="[292,350,991,1017]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBBC288EDB7A1FC35" author="Romeo, N. G. & Desire, K. T. & Florence, F. A. & Payne, V. K." box="[490,719,991,1017]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="82 - 86" refId="ref247977" refString="Romeo, N. G., M ¸ nir, A., Desire, K. T., Florence, F. A. & Payne, V. K. (2021) Species composition, diversity and predilection sites of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Arthropods, 10 (3), 82 - 86." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Roméo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB86B88D2B712FC35" box="[579,636,991,1017]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BB91588EDB12FFC35" baseAuthorityName="Walker & Olwage" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[829,1089,991,1017]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB91588EDB12FFC35" box="[829,1089,991,1017]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBEF988EDB04BFC35" box="[1233,1317,991,1017]" name="Nigeria" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBF7688EDB5B4FBD0" name="Cameroon" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, respectively, but its presence in those countries requires confirmation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBE398F30B19FFBD0" author="Ghosh, S. & Bansal, G. C. & Gupta, S. C. & Ray, D. & Khan, M. Q. & Irshad, H. & Shahiduzzaman, M. D. & Seitzer, U. & Ahmed, J. S." box="[1041,1265,1026,1052]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="207 - 216" refId="ref197504" refString="Ghosh, S., Bansal, G. C., Gupta, S. C., Ray, D., Khan, M. Q., Irshad, H., Shahiduzzaman, M. D., Seitzer, U. & Ahmed, J. S. (2007) Status of tick distribution in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Parasitology Research, 101 (Supplement 2) 207 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 007 - 0684 - 7" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ghosh
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBE4B8F30B1F0FBD0" box="[1123,1182,1026,1052]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and others list
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBABF8F16B4F3FBF2" baseAuthorityName="Walker & Olwage" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[151,413,1060,1086]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBABF8F16B4F3FBF2" box="[151,413,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBBC48F16B75AFBF2" box="[492,564,1060,1086]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
|
||
tick, but no established populations of this species have been confirmed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBABF8F75B5BAFBAD" box="[151,212,1095,1121]" name="India" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Consequently,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBBAB8F75B4B4FBAD" box="[387,474,1095,1121]" name="Nigeria" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBBCC8F7AB737FBAE" box="[484,601,1096,1122]" name="Cameroon" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BB8A58F75B7A9FBAD" box="[653,711,1095,1121]" name="India" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
are here excluded from the range of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBE748F75B00BFBAD" box="[1116,1381,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BBE748F75B00FFBAD" baseAuthorityName="Walker & Olwage" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[1116,1377,1095,1121]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">Amblyomma hebraeum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This tick has been introduced to many territories around the world (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BB9658F58B69DFB49" author="Burridge, M. J." box="[845,1011,1130,1157]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Guglielmone
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBEBE8F59B1A0FB48" box="[1174,1230,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBF328F58B5A1FB64" author="Okely, M. & Chen, Z. & Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="811 - 838" refId="ref238447" refString="Okely, M., Chen, Z., Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S. (2022) Updated checklist of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Egypt, with notes of livestock host and tick-borne pathogens. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 27, 811 - 838. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 27.5.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Okely
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBF4D8F59B0F3FB48" box="[1381,1437,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBAE78FBCB5B6FB64" box="[207,216,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">)</emphasis>
|
||
, including unconfirmed records from local domestic animals in the Palearctic portion of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F5BC75BBE968FBFB073FB6B" box="[1214,1309,1165,1191]" name="Pakistan" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F5BC75BBF038FBFB5BAFB06" author="Bibi, S. & Rafique, N. & Karim, A. & Taj, M. K. & Iqbal, K. & Shafiq, M. & Ghafoor, G. & Ghafoor, A. & Ijaz, A." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="2330 - 2338" refId="ref177496" refString="Bibi, S., Rafique, N., Karim, A., Taj, M. K., Iqbal, K., Shafiq, M., Ghafoor, G., Ghafoor, A. & Ijaz, A. (2020) Prevalence and taxonomic identification of hard ticks (Ixodidae) found on livestock of Harnai District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Pure and Applied Biol ogy, 9, 2330 - 2338. https: // doi. org / 10.19045 / bspab. 2020.90247" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Bibi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BBF4C8FBCB0F3FB6B" box="[1380,1437,1165,1191]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, there is no evidence that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F5BC75BB85E8F82B617FB06" baseAuthorityName="Walker & Olwage" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[630,889,1200,1226]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F5BC75BB85E8F82B617FB06" box="[630,889,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has become established outside the Afrotropical Region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |