354 lines
39 KiB
XML
354 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9D89727D4C9A4FE1452C0F8376EB1EEC">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AAE9B9C1DE810BE33236FC6F2CAC6A75">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BAD708F4FCD2EDEE68F25C7F6E9D52D">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3D37A41946C3DED757F361808F4EEA7">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="243DAE4670B7E997CEBDBE54F8FE22AA" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F8376C7B71FEE63C85DA950603219E11">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0EEF0EAD6885655EDFD7C6399B60AE23">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560F4BC74BBABF8AE9B7F0FAFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7728749" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449486" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7728749" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F4BC74BBABF8AE9B7F0FAFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F4BC74BBABF8AE9B7F0FAFD" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F4BC74BBABF8AE9B751FE39" box="[151,575,474,501]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4BC74BBABF8AE9B751FE39" blockId="32.[151,1437,474,1329]" box="[151,575,474,501]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBABF8AE9B5A6FE39" bold="true" box="[151,200,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">218.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4BC74BBAF88AE8B755FE39" ID-CoL="6NBXS" ID-ENA="65648" authority="Neumann, 1906" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1906" box="[208,571,474,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBAF88AE8B413FE39" bold="true" box="[208,381,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ixodes simplex</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBBAC8AE9B755FE39" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[388,571,475,501]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="195 - 219" refId="ref235368" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1906) Notes sur les Ixodides. IV. Archives de Parasitologie, 10, 195 - 219." type="journal article" year="1906">Neumann, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F4BC74BB86D8AE9B653FCF5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4BC74BB86D8AE9B653FCF5" blockId="32.[151,1437,474,1329]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB8D68AE9B1E5FE39" box="[766,1163,475,501]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBE9F8AE9B06DFE39" box="[1207,1283,475,501]" name="Kenya" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBF068AE9B5AAFDD5" name="South Africa" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBAD88ACDB4EDFDD5" box="[240,387,511,537]" name="South Sudan" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBB878ACDB744FDD5" box="[431,554,511,537]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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; Australasian: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB8C78ACDB637FDD5" box="[751,857,511,537]" name="Australia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB9AD8ACDB10CFDD5" box="[901,1122,511,537]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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; Oriental: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBED38ACDB050FDD5" box="[1275,1342,511,537]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">China</collectingCountry>
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(south), 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBA9F8911B44EFDF1" box="[183,288,547,573]" name="Malaysia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBB648911B4CFFDF1" box="[332,417,547,573]" name="Taiwan" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBBE48911B75CFDF1" box="[460,562,547,573]" name="Thailand" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB8768911B7AEFDF1" box="[606,704,547,573]" name="Vietnam" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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; Palearctic: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB9428911B698FDF1" box="[874,1014,547,573]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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, 2) Azerbaijan, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBEE28911B043FDF1" box="[1226,1325,547,573]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBF718911B0F2FDF1" box="[1369,1436,547,573]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">China</collectingCountry>
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(north), 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBB398975B400FDAD" box="[273,366,583,609]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Czechia</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBBB08975B489FDAD" box="[408,487,583,609]" name="France" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">France</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB8388975B717FDAD" box="[528,633,583,609]" name="Germany" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Germany</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB88B8975B79BFDAD" box="[675,757,583,609]" name="Greece" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Greece</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB9368975B6EFFDAD" box="[798,897,583,609]" name="Hungary" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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, 10)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB9918975B687FDAD" box="[953,1001,583,609]" name="Iran" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Iran</collectingCountry>
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, 11)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBE378975B10EFDAD" box="[1055,1120,583,609]" name="Israel" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Israel</collectingCountry>
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, 12)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBEBF8975B1A5FDAD" box="[1175,1227,583,609]" name="Italy" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Italy</collectingCountry>
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, 13)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBF2B8975B02DFDAD" box="[1283,1347,583,609]" name="Japan" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(except the Ryukyu Islands), 14)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBB878959B77AFD49" box="[431,532,619,645]" name="Lebanon" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
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, 15)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB8628959B7B8FD49" box="[586,726,619,645]" name="Serbia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
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, 16)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB9248959B61AFD49" box="[780,884,619,645]" name="Palestine" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Palestine</collectingCountry>
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, 17)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB9828959B695FD49" box="[938,1019,619,645]" name="Poland" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Poland</collectingCountry>
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, 18)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBE198959B1FDFD49" box="[1073,1171,619,645]" name="Portugal" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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, 19)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBEE18959B05FFD49" box="[1225,1329,619,645]" name="Romania" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Romania</collectingCountry>
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, 20)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBF4F8959B5D7FD65" name="Russia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Russia</collectingCountry>
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, 21)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBAD889BDB454FD65" box="[240,314,655,681]" name="Serbia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Serbia</collectingCountry>
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, 22)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBB5A89BDB76FFD65" box="[370,513,655,681]" name="South Korea" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">South Korea</collectingCountry>
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, 23)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB81089BDB715FD65" box="[568,635,655,681]" name="Spain" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Spain</collectingCountry>
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, 24)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB89A89BDB679FD65" box="[690,791,655,681]" name="Slovakia" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
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, 25)
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB96689BDB6B9FD65" box="[846,983,655,681]" name="Switzerland" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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, 26)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBE2589BDB130FD65" box="[1037,1118,655,681]" name="Turkey" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
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, 27)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBEBD89BDB181FD65" box="[1173,1263,655,681]" name="Ukraine" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBED589BDB0F6FD65" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[1277,1432,654,681]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="180 - 196" refId="ref172905" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1956 a) The ixodid ticks of Chiroptera (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 46, 180 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274734" type="journal article" year="1956">Arthur 1956a</bibRefCitation>
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, Hoogstraal 1973a,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBB458981B76FFD01" author="Walker, J. B." box="[365,513,691,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BB8258981B7D5FD01" author="Filippova, N. A." box="[525,699,691,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref194763" refString="Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1977">Filippova 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BB8EF8981B6F4FD01" author="Norval, R. A. I. & Spickett, A. M. & Clifford, C. M." box="[711,922,691,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref236857" refString="Norval, R. A. I., Spickett, A. M. & Clifford, C. M. (1987) The ticks of Zimbabwe. XVI. The genus Ixodes. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 18, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Norval
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BB9358981B639FD01" box="[797,855,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BB98E8981B12BFD01" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[934,1093,691,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="2" refId="ref221232" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2003) New data on ixodid tick fauna of Vietnam. Entomological Review, 83 (Supplement 2), S 190 - S 192." type="journal article" year="2003">Kolonin 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBE798981B05DFD01" author="Cringoli, G. & Iori, A. & Rinaldi, L. & Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C." box="[1105,1331,690,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref185591" refString="Cringoli, G., Iori, A., Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V. & Genchi, C. (2005) Zecche. Mappe Parassitologiche, 5, 1 - 263." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Cringoli
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBE9E8981B19EFD01" box="[1206,1264,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBF178981B5BCFD3D" author="Robbins, R. G." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="245 - 253" refId="ref246477" refString="Robbins, R. G. (2005) The ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae, Ixodidae) of Taiwan: a synonymic checklist. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 107, 245 - 253." type="journal article" year="2005">Robbins 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
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|
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Bursali
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BB9E089E5B16EFD3D" box="[968,1024,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBF7889E5B47FFCD9" author="Petney, T. N. & Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J." pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="115 - 170" refId="ref242893" refString="Petney, T. N., Pfaffle, M. & Skuballa, J. (2012) An annotated checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Germany. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 17, 115 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 17.2.2" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
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Petney
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBABF89C9B5A1FCD9" box="[151,207,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
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Benda
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBE0F89C9B131FCD9" box="[1063,1119,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
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|
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Malek-Hosseini
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBF4D89C9B0F3FCD9" box="[1381,1437,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBAF5882DB4CAFCF5" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[221,420,799,825]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
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Horak
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBB02882DB40CFCF5" box="[298,354,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBB87882DB7FCFCF5" author="Hornok, S. & Kovats, D. & Horvath, G. & Kontschan, J. & Farkas, R." box="[431,658,799,825]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="311 - 328" refId="ref209952" refString="Hornok, S., Kovats, D., Horvath, G., Kontschan, J. & Farkas, R. (2020 a) Checklist of the hard tick (Acari: ixodidae) fauna of Hungary with emphasis on host-associations and the emergence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 80, 311 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 019 - 00461 - 6" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
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Hornok
|
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BB824882DB72AFCF5" box="[524,580,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
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2020a
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BB8B5882DB65FFCF5" author="Tsapko, N. V." box="[669,817,799,825]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="351 - 352" refId="ref260332" refString="Tsapko, N. V. (2020) A checklist of the ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Russia. Parazitologiya, 51, 351 - 352. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="2020">Tsapko 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F4BC74BBAEF8871B7F0FAFD" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4BC74BBAEF8871B187FB95" blockId="32.[151,1437,474,1329]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4BC74BBAEF8871B401FC91" box="[199,367,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBAEF8871B401FC91" box="[199,367,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ixodes simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4BC74BB86D8871B66BFC91" authority="Guglielmone & Nava & Robbins, 2023" authorityName="Guglielmone & Nava & Robbins" authorityYear="2023" box="[581,773,835,861]" pageId="32" pageNumber="231" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BB86D8871B66BFC91" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[581,773,835,861]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="195 - 219" refId="ref235368" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1906) Notes sur les Ixodides. IV. Archives de Parasitologie, 10, 195 - 219." type="journal article" year="1906">Neumann (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3910C90F4BC74BB9658871B693FC91" box="[845,1021,835,861]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3910C90F4BC74BBE228871B1E9FC91" box="[1034,1159,835,861]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
of unknown origin,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3910C90F4BC74BBF5C8871B58DFC4D" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
and one nymph from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBBFE8855B772FC4D" box="[470,540,871,897]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3910C90F4BC74BB87C8855B7A0FC4D" box="[596,718,871,897]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB9398855B631FC4D" box="[785,863,871,897]" name="Gabon" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BB94F8855B161FC4D" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[871,1039,870,897]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="180 - 196" refId="ref172905" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1956 a) The ixodid ticks of Chiroptera (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 46, 180 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274734" type="journal article" year="1956">Arthur (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the tick from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBF088855B005FC4D" box="[1312,1387,871,897]" name="Gabon" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
was in fact collected in “Kashmir or a neighboring country,” but in his figures 26 and 28,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBE7688B9B066FC69" author="Arthur, D. R." box="[1118,1288,906,933]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="180 - 196" refId="ref172905" refString="Arthur, D. R. (1956 a) The ixodid ticks of Chiroptera (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 46, 180 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274734" type="journal article" year="1956">Arthur (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
asserted that Kashmir was the source of this tick, which he proposed “to be elected as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548465E20F4BC74BB9D8889DB14EFC05" box="[1008,1056,943,969]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBE83889DB037FC05" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[1195,1369,943,969]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBA8988E1B5B3FC21" box="[161,221,979,1005]" name="India" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Kashmir)” within the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4BC74BB86288E1B79FFC21" box="[586,753,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BB86288E1B79FFC21" box="[586,753,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ixodes simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB90788E1B607FC21" box="[815,873,979,1005]" name="India" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
was also included within the geographic distribution of this tick by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBB4D88C5B7A8FBDD" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G." box="[357,710,1015,1041]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref199027" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. & Robbins, R. G. (2018) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans. A global overview. Springer, Cham, 314 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 95552 - 0" type="book" year="2018">Guglielmone & Robbins (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and others. However, the Kashmir region encompasses territories in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBA9E8F29B592FBF9" box="[182,252,1051,1077]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBB208F29B42CFBF9" box="[264,322,1051,1077]" name="India" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBB548F29B4B1FBF9" box="[380,479,1051,1077]" name="Pakistan" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. No additional information has been found affirming the alleged presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4BC74BBF7B8F29B583FB95" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBF7B8F29B583FB95" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ixodes simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBB388F0DB424FB95" box="[272,330,1087,1113]" name="India" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBB518F0DB4B2FB95" box="[377,476,1087,1113]" name="Pakistan" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
), countries that are provisionally excluded from the range of this tick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4BC74BBAEF8F51B199FB25" blockId="32.[151,1437,474,1329]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBAEF8F51B405FBB1" author="Walker, J. B." box="[199,363,1123,1149]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4BC74BBB918F51B71AFBB1" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[441,628,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBB918F51B71AFBB1" box="[441,628,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ixodes africanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4BC74BB8868F51B63BFBB1" box="[686,853,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BB8868F51B63BFBB1" box="[686,853,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ixodes simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as species found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBE178F51B1E5FBB1" box="[1087,1163,1123,1149]" name="Kenya" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but the former name is a synonym of the latter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBB838FB5B78AFB6D" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S." box="[427,740,1159,1185]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref198957" refString="Guglielmone, A. A. & Nava, S. (2014) Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, lapsus, incorrect and suppressed names - with notes on confusions and misidentifications. Zootaxa, 3767, 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3767.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Guglielmone & Nava 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BB8DF8FB5B64AFB6D" box="[759,804,1159,1185]" name="Iran" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
is included within the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4BC74BBF7B8FB5B583FB09" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBF7B8FB5B583FB09" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ixodes simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBB738F99B7F1FB09" author="Malek-Hosseini, M. J. & Sadeghi, S. & Bakhshi, Y. & Dashan, M." box="[347,671,1195,1221]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="22 - 28" refId="ref227733" refString="Malek-Hosseini, M. J., Sadeghi, S., Bakhshi, Y. & Dashan, M. (2016) Ectoparasites (Insecta and Acari) associated with bats in south and south-western caves of Iran. Ambient Science, 3, 22 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.21276 / ambi. 2016.03.1. ra 03" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Malek-Hosseini
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BB83D8F99B722FB09" box="[533,588,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BB93A8F99B104FB09" author="Hosseini-Chegeni, A. & Tavakoli, M. & Telmadarraiy, Z." box="[786,1130,1195,1221]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="2133 - 2166" refId="ref210448" refString="Hosseini-Chegeni, A., Tavakoli, M. & Telmadarraiy, Z. (2019) The updated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae & Argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 24, 2133 - 2166. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 24.11.8" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hosseini-Chegeni
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BB9C98F99B177FB09" box="[993,1049,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not include this species in their list of Iranian ticks, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F4BC74BBBD68FFDB745FB25" box="[510,555,1231,1257]" name="Iran" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
is therefore provisionally included within the range of this tick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F4BC74BBAEF8FC1B7F0FAFD" blockId="32.[151,1437,474,1329]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBAEF8FC1B4C0FAC1" author="Hornok, S. & Estrada-Pena, A. & Kontschan, J. & Plantard, O. & Kunz, B. & Mihalca, A. D. & Thabah, A. & Tomanovic, S. & Burazerovic, J. & Takacs, N. & Estok, P. & Tu, V. T. & Fernandez de Mera, I. G. & Tomanovic, S. & De La Fuente, J. & Takahasi, M. & Yamauchi, T. & Takano, A." box="[199,430,1266,1293]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref209048" refString="Hornok, S., Estrada-Pena, A., Kontschan, J., Plantard, O., Kunz, B., Mihalca, A. D., Thabah, A., Tomanovic, S., Burazerovic, J., Takacs, N., G ˆ rfol, T., Estok, P., Tu, V. T., Sz ˆ ke, K., Fernandez de Mera, I. G., Tomanovic, S., De La Fuente, J., Takahasi, M., Yamauchi, T. & Takano, A. (2015) High degree of mitochondrial gene heterogeneity in the bat tick species, Ixodes vespertilionis, I. ariadnae and I. simplex from Eurasia. Parasites & Vectors, 8 (article 457), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 015 - 1056 - 2" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Hornok
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBB0C8FC1B432FAC1" box="[292,348,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F4BC74BBBCD8FC1B7D4FAC1" author="Evans, M. L. & Egan, S. & Irwin, P. J. & Oskam, C. L." box="[485,698,1267,1293]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="393 - 396" refId="ref193090" refString="Evans, M. L., Egan, S., Irwin, P. J. & Oskam, C. L. (2019) Automatic barcode gap discovery reveals large COI intraspecific divergence in Australian Ixodidae. Zootaxa, 4656, 393 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4656.2.13" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Evans
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BB8188FC1B707FAC1" box="[560,617,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented molecular evidence suggesting that more than one species may exist under the name
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F4BC74BBBD88E25B7F0FAFD" box="[496,670,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F4BC74BBBD88E25B7F7FAFD" box="[496,665,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">Ixodes simplex</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |