206 lines
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206 lines
22 KiB
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<mods:title id="FA3D724D7A7F083B900FCE8C5E0D4C0C">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E33C0F58DF203C060B3C0AD8CE3DD3B1">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3B574C57D2A96A55255C4E0D400A8908" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="68717B4E0B6451502B59766D7C022134">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0BF85E6631E22D866AC152FC84AB3989">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6F55E3988499EBBA6D39E2D8DA47C623" type="email">nava.santiago@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D638188760FE220E83043C9F4EEC39FF">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AB119EED3A52A494269431A93FFA7B6F" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="063DD72487A7BFC26A57362975EDF518">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="608F29D12F520F1EEDF27D6F73BE6F90">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03966A560F41C741BABF8BA5B077FD48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7717636" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449532" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7717636" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F41C741BABF8BA5B077FD48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F41C741BABF8BA5B077FD48" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F41C741BABF8BA5B703FF7D" box="[151,621,150,179]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F41C741BABF8BA5B703FF7D" blockId="42.[151,1436,150,645]" box="[151,621,150,179]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BABF8BA5B5D5FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,187,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">25.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741BA978BA4B707FF7D" ID-CoL="CMBZ" ID-ENA="1210879" authorityName="Dönitz" authorityYear="1909" box="[191,617,150,179]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cohaerens">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BA978BA4B4A0FF7D" bold="true" box="[191,462,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma cohaerens</emphasis>
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D ö nitz, 1909
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F41C741B85A8BA5B471FED1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F41C741B85A8BA5B471FED1" blockId="42.[151,1436,150,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F41C741B90E8BA5B615FF7D" box="[806,891,151,177]" name="Angola" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Angola</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F41C741B98B8BA5B16CFF7D" box="[931,1026,151,177]" name="Burundi" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Burundi</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F41C741BE028BA5B5DBFF19" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F41C741BACA8B89B42AFF19" box="[226,324,187,213]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F41C741BB478B89B4D5FF19" box="[367,443,187,213]" name="Kenya" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F41C741BBCF8B89B728FF19" box="[487,582,187,213]" name="Rwanda" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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, 7)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F41C741B85A8B89B66AFF19" box="[626,772,187,213]" name="South Sudan" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 8)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F41C741B9078B89B6F9FF19" box="[815,919,187,213]" name="Tanzania" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, 9)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F41C741B9EB8B89B174FF19" box="[963,1050,187,213]" name="Uganda" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741BE018B89B1D1FF19" author="Theiler, G." box="[1065,1215,187,213]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref258651" refString="Theiler, G. (1962) The Ixodoidea parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian region). Report to the Director of Veterinary Services, Onderstepoort, South Africa, Project S. 9958, 260 pp." type="book" year="1962">Theiler 1962</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741BEE28B89B5BCFF35" author="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman & Walker 1967</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741BAF58BEDB4DCFF35" author="Pegram, R. G. & Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y." box="[221,434,223,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="339 - 359" refId="ref241741" refString="Pegram, R. G., Hoogstraal, H. & Wassef, H. Y. (1981) Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) of Ethiopia. I. Distribution, ecology and host relationships of species infesting livestock. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 71, 339 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300008373" type="journal article" year="1981">
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Pegram
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BB118BEDB41FFF35" box="[313,369,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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1981
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741BB958BEDB70AFF35" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[445,612,222,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">
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Keirans 1985
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741B87D8BECB70AFF35" author="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A." box="[597,612,222,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="353 - 379" refId="ref263132" refString="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A. (1987) The tick vectors of Cowdria ruminantium (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae, genus Amblyomma) and their distribution. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 54, 353 - 379." type="journal article" year="1987">b</bibRefCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Walker & Olwage 1987,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741B9AD8BEDB14DFF35" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[901,1059,223,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741BE058BEDB054FF35" author="ElGhali, A. & Hassan, S. M." box="[1069,1338,223,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref191264" refString="ElGhali, A. & Hassan, S. M. (2012) Ticks infesting animals in the Sudan and southern Sudan: past and current status: research communication. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 79, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / ojvr. v 79 i 1.431" type="journal article" year="2012">ElGhali & Hassan 2012</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741BF6D8BEDB47CFED1" author="Olivieri, E. & Kariuki, E. & Floriano, A. M. & Castelli, M. & Tafesse, Y. M. & Magoga, G. & Kumsa, B. & Montagna, B. & Sassera, D." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="427 - 448" refId="ref239145" refString="Olivieri, E., Kariuki, E., Floriano, A. M., Castelli, M., Tafesse, Y. M., Magoga, G., Kumsa, B., Montagna, B. & Sassera, D. (2021) Multi-country investigation of the diversity and associated microorganisms isolated from tick species from domestic animals, wildlife and vegetation in selected African countries. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 83, 427 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 021 - 00598 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Olivieri
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BABF8A31B5A1FED1" box="[151,207,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F41C741BAEF8A15B077FD48" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F41C741BAEF8A15B12AFDF1" blockId="42.[151,1436,150,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741BAEF8A15B484FE8D" author="Guglielmone, A. A. & Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G." box="[199,490,295,321]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 322" refId="ref199904" refString="Guglielmone, A. A., Petney, T. N. & Robbins, R. G. (2020) Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa, 4871, 1 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4871.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Guglielmone
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BB488A15B4F6FE8D" box="[352,408,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
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(2020)
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</bibRefCitation>
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discussed the problems associated with the identification of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741BEB88A15B0FBFE8D" box="[1168,1429,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cohaerens">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BEB88A15B0FBFE8D" box="[1168,1429,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma cohaerens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, stressing morphological discrepancies among authors who have redescribed this tick, which has been widely confused with several other species of African
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741B8558A5DB667FE45" authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[637,777,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741B8558A5DB667FE45" box="[637,777,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741B93F8A5DB69EFE45" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[791,1008,366,393]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref202266" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050. 29. 07, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741BE0E8A5DB03AFE45" author="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H." box="[1062,1364,367,393]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref229336" refString="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse & Colbo (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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stated that the females of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741BB548AA1B7EBFE61" box="[380,645,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cohaerens">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BB548AA1B7EBFE61" box="[380,645,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma cohaerens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741B8EB8AA1B6B5FE61" authorityName="Giebel" authorityYear="1877" box="[707,987,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741B8EB8AA1B6B5FE61" box="[707,987,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma splendidum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are morphologically indistinguishable, noting also that this tick has been confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741B8E68A85B6DCFE1C" box="[718,946,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrion">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741B8E68A85B6DCFE1C" box="[718,946,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma astrion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741B9C68A85B19DFE1D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1006,1267,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741B9C68A85B19DFE1D" box="[1006,1267,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
.
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741BF2C8A85B0F2FE1D" author="Morel, P. C." box="[1284,1436,439,465]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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separated
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741BB228AE9B480FE38" box="[266,494,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrion">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BB228AE9B480FE38" box="[266,494,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma astrion</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741BBD78AE9B668FE39" box="[511,774,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cohaerens">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BBD78AE9B668FE39" box="[511,774,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma cohaerens</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
and
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741B9688AE9B138FE39" authorityName="Giebel" authorityYear="1877" box="[832,1110,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidum">
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|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741B9688AE9B138FE39" box="[832,1110,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma splendidum</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on ecological considerations rather than morphological characters. Consequently, collection data concerning
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741BEA58ACDB0FBFDD5" box="[1165,1429,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cohaerens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BEA58ACDB0FBFDD5" box="[1165,1429,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma cohaerens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741BABF8911B417FDF0" box="[151,377,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrion">
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|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BABF8911B417FDF0" box="[151,377,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma astrion</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741BB988911B7AAFDF1" authorityName="Giebel" authorityYear="1877" box="[432,708,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BB988911B7AAFDF1" box="[432,708,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma splendidum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
should be considered provisional.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F41C741BAEF8975B077FD48" blockId="42.[151,1436,150,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
|
The presence of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741BBAE8975B7E3FDAD" box="[390,653,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cohaerens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BBAE8975B7E3FDAD" box="[390,653,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma cohaerens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F41C741B89B8975B66BFDAD" box="[691,773,583,609]" name="Angola" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
|
is based on
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F41C741B9BF8975B13FFDAD" author="Keirans, J. E." box="[919,1105,582,609]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 1785" refId="ref214582" refString="Keirans, J. E. (1985 b) George Henry Falkiner Nuttall and the Nuttall tick catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Miscellaneous Publication, (1438), 1 - 1785. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65326" type="journal article" year="1985">Keirans (1985b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, who re-identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741BF638975B43BFD49" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cohaerens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BF638975B43BFD49" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Amblyomma cohaerens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
a male tick collected in that country and previously classified as
|
|
<emphasis id="B94B07520F41C741BE188959B077FD48" box="[1072,1305,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F41C741BE188959B078FD48" box="[1072,1302,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrion">Amblyomma astrion</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |