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<mods:title id="C87C9338EB09429D556314D499DAFB41">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F20C720BABF8BA5B706FF7D" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,501]" box="[151,616,151,177]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720BABF8BA5B5D5FF7D" bold="true" box="[151,187,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">39.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F20C720BAE88BA5B70AFF7D" ID-CoL="34WNM" ID-ENA="859978" authority="(Schulze, 1933 b)" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[192,612,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Dermacentor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steini">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720BAE88BA5B4F3FF7D" bold="true" box="[192,413,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Dermacentor steini</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720BB838BA5B732FF7D" author="Schulze, P." box="[427,604,151,177]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="416 - 431" refId="ref252675" refString="Schulze, P. (1933 b) Die Arten der Zeckengattung Dermacentor s. l. aus Europa, Asien und Neu-Guinea. Zeitschrift f ¸ r Parasitenkunde, 6, 416 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02121955" type="journal article" year="1933">Schulze, 1933b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F20C720B8448BA5B045FF35" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F20C720B8448BA5B045FF35" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
Australasian: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720B90B8BA5B6FEFF7D" box="[803,912,151,177]" name="Indonesia" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(east to Wallaces Line); Oriental: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720BF078BA5B0F2FF7D" box="[1327,1436,151,177]" name="Indonesia" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(west to Wallaces Line), 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720BBF88B89B767FF19" box="[464,521,187,213]" name="Laos" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 3)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720B81A8B89B7F5FF19" box="[562,667,187,213]" name="Malaysia" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 4)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720B8EC8B89B62BFF19" box="[708,837,187,213]" name="Philippines" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 5)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720B9458B89B6BDFF19" box="[877,979,187,213]" name="Thailand" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 6)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720B9D38B89B134FF19" box="[1019,1114,187,213]" name="Vietnam" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720BE418B89B0F6FF19" author="Wassef, H. Y. &amp; Hoogstraal, H." box="[1129,1432,187,213]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="315 - 320" refId="ref264416" refString="Wassef, H. Y. &amp; Hoogstraal, H. (1988) Dermacentor (Indocentor) steini (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae): hosts, distribution in the Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, Borneo, Thailand, the Philippines, and New Guinea. Journal of Medical Entomology, 25, 315 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 25.5.315" type="journal article" year="1988">Wassef &amp; Hoogstraal 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720BABF8BEDB42DFF35" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[151,323,222,249]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="276 - 282" refId="ref221185" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (1995 b) Review of the ixodid tick fauna (Acari: Ixodidae) of Vietnam. Journal of Medical Entomology, 32, 276 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 32.3.276" type="journal article" year="1995">Kolonin 1995b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720BB668BEDB74DFF35" author="Durden, L. A. &amp; Merker, S. &amp; Beati, L." box="[334,547,223,249]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="85 - 110" refId="ref189743" refString="Durden, L. A., Merker, S. &amp; Beati, L. (2008) The tick fauna of Sulawesi, Indonesia (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae and Ixodidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 45, 85 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 008 - 9144 - z" type="journal article" year="2008">
Durden
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720BB818BEDB48FFF35" box="[425,481,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720B8058BEDB637FF35" author="Vongphayloth, K. &amp; Hertz, J. C. &amp; Lakeomany, K. &amp; Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. &amp; Sutherland, I. W. &amp; Brey, P. T." box="[557,857,223,249]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1047 - 1050" refId="ref262555" refString="Vongphayloth, K., Hertz, J. C., Lakeomany, K., Apanaskevich, D. A., Robbins, R. G., Sutherland, I. W. &amp; Brey, P. T. (2018 b) The genus Dermacentor (Acari: Ixodidae) in Laos: a review and update of species records. Journal of Medical Entomology, 55, 1047 - 1050. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjy 041" type="journal article" year="2018">
Vongphayloth
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720B8F98BEDB667FF35" box="[721,777,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
2018b
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720B94C8BEDB15FFF35" author="Petney, T. N. &amp; Saijuntha, W. &amp; Boulanger, N. &amp; Chitimia-Dobler, L. &amp; Pfeffer, M. &amp; Eamudomkarn, C. &amp; Andrews, R. H. &amp; Ahamad, M. &amp; Putthasorn, N. &amp; Muders, S. V. &amp; Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G." box="[868,1073,223,249]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref243024" refString="Petney, T. N., Saijuntha, W., Boulanger, N., Chitimia-Dobler, L., Pfeffer, M., Eamudomkarn, C., Andrews, R. H., Ahamad, M., Putthasorn, N., Muders, S. V., Petney, D. A. &amp; Robbins, R. G. (2019) Ticks (Argasidae, Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases of continental Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 4558, 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4558.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Petney
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720B99F8BEDB69EFF35" box="[951,1008,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
, Erieenor
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720BE8C8BEDB1B2FF35" box="[1188,1244,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
2021).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F20C720BAEF8A31B187FE38" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F20C720BAEF8A31B187FE38" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720BAEF8A31B4E6FED1" author="Sun, Y. &amp; Xu, R." box="[199,392,259,285]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="155 - 168" refId="ref255806" refString="Sun, Y. &amp; Xu, R. (2013) The genus Dermacentor and the subgenus Indocentor (Acari: Ixodidae) from China. Oriental Insects, 47, 155 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2013.811019" type="journal article" year="2013">Sun &amp; Xu (2013)</bibRefCitation>
allegedly found
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F20C720B86A8A31B674FED0" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[578,794,259,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Dermacentor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steini">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720B86A8A31B674FED0" box="[578,794,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Dermacentor steini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the portion of
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720B9F08A31B175FED1" box="[984,1051,259,285]" name="China" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">China</collectingCountry>
belonging to the Oriental Zoogeographic Region, as well as in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720BBF18A15B755FE8D" box="[473,571,295,321]" name="Vietnam" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720B8458A15B174FE8D" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Apanaskevich, M. A." box="[621,1050,295,321]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="159 - 171" refId="ref169796" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Apanaskevich, M. A. (2016) Description of two new species of Dermacentor Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Oriental Asia. Systematic Parasitology, 93, 159 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 015 - 9614 - 8" type="journal article" year="2016">Apanaskevich &amp; Apanaskevich (2016)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the specimens analyzed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720BA918A79B417FEA9" author="Sun, Y. &amp; Xu, R." box="[185,377,331,357]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="155 - 168" refId="ref255806" refString="Sun, Y. &amp; Xu, R. (2013) The genus Dermacentor and the subgenus Indocentor (Acari: Ixodidae) from China. Oriental Insects, 47, 155 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2013.811019" type="journal article" year="2013">Sun &amp; Xu (2013)</bibRefCitation>
are in fact
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F20C720BBDA8A79B667FEA9" authorityName="Apanaskevich &amp; Apanaskevich" authorityYear="2016" box="[498,777,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Dermacentor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamokensis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720BBDA8A79B667FEA9" box="[498,777,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Dermacentor tamokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and subsequent records of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F20C720BE148A79B07AFEA8" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1084,1300,331,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Dermacentor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steini">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720BE148A79B07AFEA8" box="[1084,1300,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Dermacentor steini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from southern
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720BAEA8A5DB46BFE45" box="[194,261,367,393]" name="China" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">China</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720BB068A5DB496FE45" author="Yuan, T. T. &amp; Du, C. H. &amp; Xia, L. Y. &amp; Que, T. C. &amp; von Fricken, M. E. &amp; Jiang, B. G. &amp; Wei, W. &amp; Li, L. F. &amp; Liu, H. B. &amp; Wang, Q. &amp; Zhao, L." box="[302,504,367,393]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref266502" refString="Yuan, T. T., Du, C. H., Xia, L. Y., Que, T. C., von Fricken, M. E., Jiang, B. G., Wei, W., Li, L. F., Liu, H. B., Wang, Q. &amp; Zhao, L. (2021) Molecular evidence of Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii and a novel Rickettsia strain from ticks in southern China. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 12 (article. 101679), 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2021.101679" type="journal article" year="2021">
Yuan
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720BB468A5DB4C8FE45" box="[366,422,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
require confirmation. Neither
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F20C720B9668A5DB146FE44" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[846,1064,367,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Dermacentor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steini">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720B9668A5DB146FE44" box="[846,1064,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Dermacentor steini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F20C720BE728A5DB01DFE45" authorityName="Apanaskevich &amp; Apanaskevich" authorityYear="2016" box="[1114,1395,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Dermacentor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamokensis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720BE728A5DB01DFE45" box="[1114,1395,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Dermacentor tamokensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are listed as Chinese ticks in Zhang, G.
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720B80C8AA1B735FE61" box="[548,603,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
(2019) and Zhang, Y.K.
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720B9458AA1B6CAFE61" box="[877,932,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
(2019), who ignored the papers by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720BF058AA1B58CFE1D" author="Sun, Y. &amp; Xu, R." pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="155 - 168" refId="ref255806" refString="Sun, Y. &amp; Xu, R. (2013) The genus Dermacentor and the subgenus Indocentor (Acari: Ixodidae) from China. Oriental Insects, 47, 155 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2013.811019" type="journal article" year="2013">Sun &amp; Xu (2013)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720BB3E8A85B7A7FE1D" author="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Apanaskevich, M. A." box="[278,713,439,465]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="159 - 171" refId="ref169796" refString="Apanaskevich, D. A. &amp; Apanaskevich, M. A. (2016) Description of two new species of Dermacentor Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Oriental Asia. Systematic Parasitology, 93, 159 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 015 - 9614 - 8" type="journal article" year="2016">Apanaskevich &amp; Apanaskevich (2016)</bibRefCitation>
, but
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F20C720B8D78A85B6B6FE1C" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[767,984,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Dermacentor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steini">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720B8D78A85B6B6FE1C" box="[767,984,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Dermacentor steini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is listed as found in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720BE968A85B06FFE1D" box="[1214,1281,439,465]" name="China" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">China</collectingCountry>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F20C720BF0C8A85B58BFE39" author="Zhao, G. P. &amp; Wang, Y. X. &amp; Fan, Z. W. &amp; Ji, Y. &amp; Liu, M. J. &amp; Zhang, W. H. &amp; Li, X. L. &amp; Zhou, S. X. &amp; Li, H. &amp; Liang, S. &amp; Liu, W. &amp; Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q." pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref267094" refString="Zhao, G. P., Wang, Y. X., Fan, Z. W., Ji, Y., Liu, M. J., Zhang, W. H., Li, X. L., Zhou, S. X., Li, H., Liang, S., Liu, W., Yang, Y. &amp; Fang, L. Q. (2021) Mapping ticks and tick-borne pathogens in China. Nature Communications, 12 (article 1075), 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 021 - 21375 - 1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Zhao
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720BF4C8A85B0F3FE1D" box="[1380,1437,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
. In this analysis,
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720BB8E8AE9B482FE39" box="[422,492,475,501]" name="China" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">China</collectingCountry>
, but not
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F20C720B8648AE9B7C0FE39" box="[588,686,475,501]" name="Vietnam" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, is excluded from the range of
<emphasis id="B94B07520F20C720BE208AE9B187FE38" box="[1032,1257,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F20C720BE208AE9B18BFE38" baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1032,1253,475,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Dermacentor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steini">Dermacentor steini</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>