treatments-xml/data/03/81/74/0381742779442455FF50C461AC66FE36.xml

<document id="3AD3BDDEDC1C8260BC635CA9966ED424" ID-CLB-Dataset="31731" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c65d395-a86d-4156-8a1a-d1696e69ba9c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1036992" ID-ZooBank="51F6BAC6-5509-4DF9-83C8-5EE8ADE4752A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1509002506252" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bernardi, Leopoldo Ferreira De Oliveira, Wohltmann, Andreas &amp; Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes" docDate="2017" docId="0381742779442455FF50C461AC66FE36" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4338.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4338 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Callidosoma cassiculophylla Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="471" masterDocId="FFB80C5F79462458FFC7C544AE41FFE6" masterDocTitle="A novel symbiotic relationship between mites and recluse spiders (Sicariidae: Loxosceles), with a description of a new Callidosoma species (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="474" masterPageNumber="459" pageNumber="461" updateTime="1698470254445" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="91778EA4FDADEDE65F050729E2C36812">A novel symbiotic relationship between mites and recluse spiders (Sicariidae: Loxosceles), with a description of a new Callidosoma species (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FDE85FF21CF33449840B5046B02DDC6D">Bernardi, Leopoldo Ferreira De Oliveira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6E7FDAAAAA2A11E92D3BF40EED789D57">Wohltmann, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="41FE8B50B02869EBB3FA39AF80D595D1">Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C33296BA7944245AFF50C461AC15FED9" box="[151,596,293,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B97C5317944245AFF50C461AC15FED9" blockId="2.[151,596,293,319]" box="[151,596,293,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">
<heading id="D0DF725D7944245AFF50C461AC15FED9" bold="true" box="[151,596,293,319]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95C19237944245AFF50C461AC15FED9" bold="true" box="[151,596,293,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27944245AFF50C461AFAEFED9" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,495,293,319]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C19237944245AFF50C461AFAEFED9" bold="true" box="[151,495,293,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA4587944245AFE31C461AC15FED9" box="[502,596,293,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33296BA7944245AFF50C428AB48FE4E" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B97C5317944245AFF50C428AB48FE4E" blockId="2.[151,1436,364,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="B95C19237944245AFF50C428AF50FE63" bold="true" box="[151,273,364,389]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Medium sized 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27944245AFE0EC428AC19FE62" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[457,600,364,388]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C19237944245AFE0EC428AC19FE62" box="[457,600,364,388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Callidosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with elongated body, crista metopica with setulose sensilla and distinct posterior process. Idiosomal setae uniform, brush-like. Proximal leg segments not distinctly enlarged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B97C5317944245AFF50C215AA2FF842" blockId="2.[151,1436,1873,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="B95C19237944245AFF50C215AF55F881" bold="true" box="[151,276,1873,1895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Details of a 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27944245AFE5FC215ACFFF881" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[408,702,1873,1895]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C19237944245AFE5FC215ACFFF881" box="[408,702,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA4587944245AFD02C215AD58F881" box="[709,793,1873,1895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
adult, associated with webs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27944245AFB98C215AA8FF881" box="[1119,1230,1873,1895]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C19237944245AFB98C215AA8FF881" box="[1119,1230,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="461">Loxosceles</emphasis>
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spiders in Brazilian caves. A: Dorsal aspect; B: Details of the frontal region of the crista metopica; C: Details of the front dorsal region of the podosoma; D: Details of the ventral setae of idiosoma; E: Details of the dorsal setae of idiosoma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B97C5317945245BFF50C072AF98FA8D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1334,1387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="B95C19237945245BFF50C072AF55FAAA" bold="true" box="[151,276,1334,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27945245BFEDBC072AC02FAAA" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[284,579,1334,1356]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C19237945245BFEDBC072AC02FAAA" box="[284,579,1334,1356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95C19237945245BFD8CC072ACDCFAAA" bold="true" box="[587,669,1334,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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, adult, habitus dorsal view. ap = anal opening, ch = chelicera, cm = crista metopica, gp = genital opening.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97C5317945245BFF00C0DCAB34FA33" blockId="3.[151,1437,1432,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="B95C19237945245BFF00C0DCAFEAFA57" bold="true" box="[199,427,1432,1457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">Description. Adult.</emphasis>
Habitus as in 
<figureCitation id="1313D9B47945245BFD8CC0DCACEBFA56" box="[587,682,1432,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[211,1378,477,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[210,1378,477,1860]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Details of a Callidosoma cassiculophylla sp. nov., adult, associated with webs of Loxosceles spiders in Brazilian caves. A: Dorsal aspect; B: Details of the frontal region of the crista metopica; C: Details of the front dorsal region of the podosoma; D: Details of the ventral setae of idiosoma; E: Details of the dorsal setae of idiosoma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1036994/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">Figure 1</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1313D9B47945245BFD27C0DCACB0FA56" box="[736,753,1432,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1334,1356]" captionTargetBox="[352,1242,199,1311]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[352,1244,185,1319]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Callidosoma cassiculophylla sp. nov., adult, habitus dorsal view. ap = anal opening, ch = chelicera, cm = crista metopica, gp = genital opening." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1036996/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">2</figureCitation>
. Metric data from the 
<typeStatus id="54937B937945245BFC2CC0DCAA0CFA57" box="[1003,1101,1432,1457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D2E0EB87945245BFB44C0DCAB51FA57" box="[1155,1296,1432,1457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">11 paratypes</specimenCount>
are given in 
<tableCitation id="C6AAF08A7945245BFF50C0F8AEADFA32" box="[151,236,1468,1493]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,239,436,459]" captionText="TABLE 3. Metric data for Callidosoma cassiculophylla sp. nov. Adults (holotype plus range of n = 12 specimens)" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">Table 3</tableCitation>
. Body elongate, ovoid, length 1400–1450, width 825–950 (mounted specimens). Colour in life reddish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C5317945245BFF00C0A4AF8AF937" blockId="3.[151,1437,1432,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">
Gnathosoma. Of typical erythraeid 
<typeStatus id="54937B937945245BFDA1C0A5ACD8FA1F" box="[614,665,1505,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">type</typeStatus>
, with three pairs of prominent, long and smooth setae 
<emphasis id="B95C19237945245BFAEFC0A5AB7EFA1E" box="[1320,1343,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">cs</emphasis>
located dorsolaterally at the anterior tip and a pair of club shaped 
<emphasis id="B95C19237945245BFCECC340AD1BF9FA" box="[811,858,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">elcp</emphasis>
dorsolateral at level of palp trochanter. Numerous, setulose setae ventrally. Normal, setulose setae present on palp trochanter, femur, genu and tibia (
<figureCitation id="1313D9B47945245BFB2DC36CAB22F9A6" box="[1258,1379,1576,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[211,1378,477,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[210,1378,477,1860]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Details of a Callidosoma cassiculophylla sp. nov., adult, associated with webs of Loxosceles spiders in Brazilian caves. A: Dorsal aspect; B: Details of the frontal region of the crista metopica; C: Details of the front dorsal region of the podosoma; D: Details of the ventral setae of idiosoma; E: Details of the dorsal setae of idiosoma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1036994/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">Fig. 1D–E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1313D9B47945245BFAB7C36CAEE6F982" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1348,271,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[178,1388,265,1904]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Callidosoma cassiculophylla sp. nov., adult. A: Ventral view of palp tarsus; B: Dorsal view of palp; C: Crista metopica. AL = anterior setae, ASens = anterior sensilla, PSens = posterior sensilla; D; Dorsal body setae. L = lateral view, D = dorsal view, V = ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1036998/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Odontus of palp tibia hook-like. Palp tarsus almost cylindrical, with the apical part overreaching the termination of odontus, 7–10 eupathidia distally, one solenidium more proximal and several setulated normal setae. Chelicera undivided, elongate, with fine teeth at the most anterior part. Paired stigmata located between chelicerae in posterior third of its length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C5317945245CFF00C398ABDCFF32" blockId="3.[151,1437,1432,2033]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">
Idiosoma. Scutum almost reduced to crista metopica (
<figureCitation id="1313D9B47945245BFC87C398ADC9F912" box="[832,904,1756,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,707,729]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,218,648]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,218,648]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Callidosoma cassiculophylla sp. nov., adult, scanning electron micrographs. Dorsal body setae (A) and ventral body setae (B)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037000/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), widened at anterior and posterior sensillary areas. Anterior tip of crista rounded with six to eight setulose setae AL (35–60) anterior to ASens, which in turn is covered with small setules throughout its length. Rod of crista metopica widening towards the posterior sensillary area. PSens similar to ASens, but longer. Posterior process of crista distinct. Eyes, each composed of single circular lens (20–25 diameter) inserted in a rounded sclerite (33–50), located laterally at the level of posterior third of crista. Posterior dorsal setae (35–55) (
<figureCitation id="1313D9B47945245BFE3EC2D4AC7CF84F" box="[505,573,1936,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[293,1302,869,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[262,1324,854,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Callidosoma cassiculophylla sp. nov., adult. Lateral view of tarsus I. Only specialized setae shown, DS = normal dorsal seta, VS = normal ventral seta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037002/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="462">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) setulose, with ventral setules arising in a 70°–90° angle from the seta stem whereas dorsal setules are almost in the same orientation as the seta stem—giving the seta a brush like appearance. Ventral setae similar to dorsal ones, but more slender. Coxae I–II and III–IV fused, each coxa strongly sclerotized along its anterior border. Coxa I with club shaped seta 
<emphasis id="B95C19237942245CFD3DC5DCAD6AFF56" box="[762,811,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">elc I</emphasis>
located dorsally anterior. Genital opening (L: 265–310; W: 54–70) with inconspicuous epivalves and strongly sclerotized centrovalves; the latter bearing about 60 setae.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B97C5317942245CFF50C2D9AF89F816" blockId="4.[151,1435,1949,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="B95C19237942245CFF50C2D9AF54F855" bold="true" box="[151,277,1949,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27942245CFED9C2D9AC04F855" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[286,581,1949,1971]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C19237942245CFED9C2D9AC04F855" box="[286,581,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95C19237942245CFD89C2D9ACE9F855" bold="true" box="[590,680,1949,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA4587942245CFD89C2D9ACE2F855" box="[590,675,1949,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="463" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
adult. A: Ventral view of palp tarsus; B: Dorsal view of palp; C: Crista metopica.AL= anterior setae, ASens = anterior sensilla, PSens = posterior sensilla; D; Dorsal body setae. L = lateral view, D = dorsal view, V = ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B97C5317943245DFF50C787AF70FD1E" blockId="5.[151,1435,707,760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B95C19237943245DFF50C787AF54FD3F" bold="true" box="[151,277,707,729]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27943245DFEDAC787AC04FD3F" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[285,581,707,729]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C19237943245DFEDAC787AC04FD3F" box="[285,581,707,729]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95C19237943245DFD8AC787ACE6FD3F" bold="true" box="[589,679,707,729]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA4587943245DFD8AC787ACE3FD3F" box="[589,674,707,729]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
adult, scanning electron micrographs. Dorsal body setae (A) and ventral body setae (B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5795B97943245DFF50C2EBAC52F802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037002/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" targetBox="[293,1302,869,1893]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B97C5317943245DFF50C2EBAC52F802" blockId="5.[151,1436,1967,2020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B95C19237943245DFF50C2EBAF52F823" bold="true" box="[151,275,1967,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27943245DFEDDC2EBAC01F823" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[282,576,1967,1989]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C19237943245DFEDDC2EBAC01F823" box="[282,576,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95C19237943245DFD81C2EBACDFF823" bold="true" box="[582,670,1967,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA4587943245DFD81C2EBACD8F823" box="[582,665,1967,1989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="464" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
adult. Lateral view of tarsus I. Only specialized setae shown, DS = normal dorsal seta, VS = normal ventral seta.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B97C5317940245EFF50C5D3AD8BFDF1" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
Anal sclerites (L: 95–110; W: 34–45) well sclerotized, bearing about 24 setae. Legs. Leg segmentation formula: 7- 7-7. Leg segments tarsus tibia lesser in height than all other segments. Normal, setulose setae of the same 
<typeStatus id="54937B937940245EFAABC5F9ABDDFF33" box="[1388,1436,189,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">type</typeStatus>
present on all leg segments. Tarsi I–IV with two claws, which in turn are provided with minute fimbriae at its proximal parts. Ventral setae on tarsi I–IV shorter than lateral and dorsal ones; at other leg segments no such distinct difference. Tarsus I (
<figureCitation id="1313D9B47940245EFE24C463AC6BFEA6" box="[483,554,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[285,1310,507,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[285,1310,507,1965]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Callidosoma cassiculophylla sp. nov., adult (A – D). Mites associated with Loxosceles sp. webs in caves of Varzelândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037006/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) with several smaller eupathidia in its distal and ventral part and about five longer eupathidia in dorsal or dorsolateral position, moreover dorsal and lateral with 20–30 solenidia. Tarsi II–IV with 3–5 eupathidia and 0–2 solenidia. Tibia I with 3–6 solenidia and 7–10 eupathidia, tibia IV with 4–6 solenidia and 1–4 eupathidia. Tibia II–III each with 2–3 solenidia and 1–4 eupathidia. Genu I and IV each with 4–8 solenidia and 3–6 eupathidia, on genu II–III each with 2–3 solenidia and 2–4 eupathidia. Telofemur I–IV each with 0–2 solenidia and 2–6 eupathidia. Eupathidia always with minute setules (smaller than at normal setulose setae), solenidia smooth. No specialized setae on basifemur and trochanter I–IV.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5795B97940245EFF50C0C6AE97FA50" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037004/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" targetBox="[172,1416,590,1387]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B97C5317940245EFF50C0C6AE97FA50" blockId="6.[151,1436,1410,1462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFF50C0C6AF52FA7E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1410,1432]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Municipalities where 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27940245EFE31C0C6AD5DFA7E" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[502,796,1410,1432]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFE31C0C6AD5DFA7E" box="[502,796,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA4587940245EFCE5C0C6AD32FA7E" box="[802,883,1410,1432]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFCE5C0C6AD32FA7E" bold="true" box="[802,883,1410,1432]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
were observed in association with 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27940245EFB1FC0C6AB06FA7E" box="[1240,1351,1410,1432]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFB1FC0C6AB06FA7E" box="[1240,1351,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
webs in caves.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33296BA7940245EFF00C0A7AFD5F98E" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B97C5317940245EFF00C0A7AC44F9A2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1507,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFF00C0A7AF71FA1A" bold="true" box="[199,304,1507,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Remark.</emphasis>
Because of the presence of a completely developed genital opening, all specimens are obviously adults. Internal sclerites as described for erythraeoid males (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C07940245EFCAFC343ADAEF9C6" author="Witte" box="[872,1007,1543,1568]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" refString="Witte, H. (1975) Funktionsanatomie der Genitalorgane und Fortpflanzungsverhalten bei den Mannchen der Erythaeidae (Acari, Trombidiformes). Zeitschrift fur Morphologie der Tiere, 80, 137 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00281742" type="journal article" year="1975">Witte 1975</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C07940245EFBC7C343AA78F9F9" author="Witte" box="[1024,1081,1543,1567]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" refString="Witte, H. (1998) On the internal organization of smaridid mites (Acari: Erythraeoidea), and the role of organismal properties for determining the course of evolutionary change. In: Ebermann, E. (Ed.), Arthropod biology: Contributions to morphology, Ecology and Systematics. Verlag Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. Biosystematics and Ecology Series, 14. pp. 245 - 289." type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
) were not detected. Thus, all specimens are probably females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C5317940245EFF00C30BAFD5F98E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1507,2036]" box="[199,404,1615,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFF00C30BAF51F98E" bold="true" box="[199,272,1615,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Larva</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33296BA7940245FFF00C330AB68FE36" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B97C5317940245EFF00C330ACC4F91E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1507,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
<materialsCitation id="3B40CF6C7940245EFF00C330ACC0F91E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728616" collectingDate="2015-03-29" collectionCode="UFLA" collectorName="L. Rabello &amp; de Estudos &amp; Biologia Subterranea" country="Brazil" county="Lapa do Coronel" location="Centro de Estudos" municipality="Collection of Subterranean Invertebrates" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFF00C330AFC7F96A" bold="true" box="[199,390,1651,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFF00C330AF3EF96A" bold="true" box="[199,383,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
<typeStatus id="54937B937940245EFF00C330AEBFF96D" box="[199,254,1652,1675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Type</typeStatus>
specimens
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54937B937940245EFE57C337AFB6F96D" box="[400,503,1651,1675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFE57C337AFB6F96D" box="[400,503,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
, Female collected in 
<collectingCounty id="62F6BDBD7940245EFD30C330ADFBF96A" box="[759,954,1651,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Lapa do Coronel</collectingCounty>
cave, municipality of Buenópolis, Minas Gerias state, 
<collectingCountry id="F33F85A17940245EFEEBC3D3AF32F956" box="[300,371,1687,1712]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFD21A197940245EFE46C3D3AC73F956" box="[385,562,1687,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" value="2015-03-29">
<date id="FF96E3F17940245EFE46C3D3AC73F956" box="[385,562,1687,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" value="2015-03-29">29 March 2015</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77940245EFDBDC3DCACB3F956" box="[634,754,1687,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">L. Rabello</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFD3CC3DCAD6CF949" box="[763,813,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">et al</emphasis>
, deposited at 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF35F4B7940245EFC08C3D3ABDDF956" box="[975,1436,1687,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Collection of Subterranean Invertebrates</collectingMunicipality>
(ISLA), 
<location id="8EF793EA7940245EFF3DC3F8AF91F932" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381742779442455FF50C461AC66FE36:8EF793EA7940245EFF3DC3F8AF91F932" box="[250,464,1723,1748]" country="Brazil" county="Lapa do Coronel" municipality="Collection of Subterranean Invertebrates" name="Centro de Estudos" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
Centro 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77940245EFE95C3FFAF91F932" box="[338,464,1723,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">de Estudos</collectorName>
</location>
em 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77940245EFDCEC3FFACBFF932" box="[521,766,1723,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Biologia Subterrânea</collectorName>
, 
<location id="8EF793EA7940245EFCCAC3F8AA5BF932" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381742779442455FF50C461AC66FE36:8EF793EA7940245EFCCAC3F8AA5BF932" box="[781,1050,1723,1748]" country="Brazil" county="Lapa do Coronel" municipality="Collection of Subterranean Invertebrates" name="Department of Biology" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Department of Biology</location>
, 
<location id="8EF793EA7940245EFBEDC3FFABDDF935" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381742779442455FF50C461AC66FE36:8EF793EA7940245EFBEDC3FFABDDF935" box="[1066,1436,1723,1748]" country="Brazil" county="Lapa do Coronel" municipality="Collection of Subterranean Invertebrates" name="Universidade Federal de Lavras" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Universidade Federal de Lavras</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED395DF47940245EFF58C39BAEAFF911" box="[159,238,1759,1783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">UFLA</collectionCode>
), Lavras, 
<collectingRegion id="49EC0BD37940245EFE9CC39BAFB0F91E" box="[347,497,1759,1784]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
state, 
<collectingCountry id="F33F85A17940245EFDFEC39BACC0F91E" box="[569,641,1759,1784]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C5317940245FFF00C240AB68FE36" blockId="6.[151,1437,1507,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">
<materialsCitation id="3B40CF6C7940245EFF00C240ABD8F8FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728456" box="[199,1433,1795,1820]" collectorName="Lapa &amp; Lassance" country="Brazil" location="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54937B937940245EFF00C240AF78F8FD" box="[199,313,1796,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFF00C240AF78F8FD" box="[199,313,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D2E0EB87940245EFE8DC240AFFBF8FA" box="[330,442,1795,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
collected in 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77940245EFD92C240ACCCF8FD" box="[597,653,1796,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Lapa</collectorName>
d’agua cave, municipality of 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77940245EFC28C240AA19F8FD" box="[1007,1112,1796,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Lassance</collectorName>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49EC0BD37940245EFBA0C247AB40F8FA" box="[1127,1281,1795,1820]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
state, 
<collectingCountry id="F33F85A17940245EFA96C247ABD8F8FA" box="[1361,1433,1795,1820]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B40CF6C7940245EFF50C263AACCF882" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728469" collectingDate="2015-02-19" collectorName="Coll. L &amp; Rabello" country="Germany" location="Naturkunde" municipality="Goerlitz" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
coords. 23K 541083 mE 8018711 mS, 
<collectingDate id="EFD21A197940245EFDBAC263AD19F8A6" box="[637,856,1831,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" value="2015-02-19">
<date id="FF96E3F17940245EFDBAC263AD19F8A6" box="[637,856,1831,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" value="2015-02-19">19 February 2015</date>
</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77940245EFCABC263AA6BF8A6" box="[876,1066,1831,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Coll. L Rabello</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFBFEC26CAA33F8D9" box="[1081,1138,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">et al</emphasis>
, deposited at Collection Arachnologische Sammlung, Senckenberg Museum für 
<location id="8EF793EA7940245EFCD8C20FADE7F882" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381742779442455FF50C461AC66FE36:8EF793EA7940245EFCD8C20FADE7F882" box="[799,934,1867,1892]" country="Germany" municipality="Goerlitz" name="Naturkunde" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Naturkunde</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF35F4B7940245EFC72C20FAA55F882" box="[949,1044,1867,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Goerlitz</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F33F85A17940245EFBE4C208AACCF882" box="[1059,1165,1868,1892]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Germany</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B40CF6C7940245EFB5CC208ABD9F836" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728473" collectingDate="2017-01-13" collectionCode="UFLA" collectorName="Lapa Vermelha VI &amp; L Andrade" country="Brazil" location="Collection of Subterranean Invertebrates" municipality="Centro de Estudos" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2E0EB87940245EFB5CC208AB4AF882" box="[1179,1291,1867,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" type="female">1 females</specimenCount>
collected in 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77940245EFF50C234AF2CF861" box="[151,365,1903,1928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Lapa Vermelha VI</collectorName>
cave, coords 23K 605379 mE 7830802 mS, municipality of Pedro Leopoldo, 
<collectingRegion id="49EC0BD37940245EFAC5C22BABDDF86E" box="[1282,1436,1903,1928]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
state, 
<collectingCountry id="F33F85A17940245EFF1FC2D7AF5EF84A" box="[216,287,1939,1964]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFD21A197940245EFEECC2D0AFA6F84A" box="[299,487,1940,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" value="2017-01-13">
<date id="FF96E3F17940245EFEECC2D0AFA6F84A" box="[299,487,1940,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" value="2017-01-13">13 January 2017</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77940245EFDEDC2D0ACE3F84A" box="[554,674,1939,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">L Andrade</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B95C19237940245EFD6EC2D0AC9AF84D" box="[681,731,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">et al</emphasis>
, deposited at 
<location id="8EF793EA7940245EFCB1C2D7AB7CF84A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381742779442455FF50C461AC66FE36:8EF793EA7940245EFCB1C2D7AB7CF84A" box="[886,1341,1939,1964]" country="Brazil" municipality="Centro de Estudos" name="Collection of Subterranean Invertebrates" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Collection of Subterranean Invertebrates</location>
(ISLA), 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF35F4B7940245EFF50C2FCAF2DF836" box="[151,364,1975,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Centro de Estudos</collectingMunicipality>
em Biologia Subterrânea, Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (
<collectionCode id="ED395DF47940245EFA86C2FCABD1F836" box="[1345,1424,1976,2000]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">UFLA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B40CF6C7940245EFF50C298AC5BF812" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728478" box="[151,538,2011,2036]" country="Brazil" location="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
Lavras, 
<collectingRegion id="49EC0BD37940245EFF35C29FAFC9F812" box="[242,392,2011,2036]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
state, 
<collectingCountry id="F33F85A17940245EFE15C29FAC5BF812" box="[466,538,2011,2036]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B40CF6C7940245FFDE1C298AC21FF1E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675728484" collectingDate="2015-12-02" collectionCode="UFLA" collectorName="Cavidade &amp; F Bondezan" country="Brazil" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="466" location="Collection of Subterranean Invertebrates" municipality="Centro de Estudos" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Goias" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2E0EB87940245EFDE1C298ACD3F812" box="[550,658,2011,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
collected in 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77940245EFCE3C29FADCFF812" box="[804,910,2011,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="465">Cavidade</collectorName>
17 cave, coords 23L 264948 mE 8299835 mS municipality of Formosa, 
<collectingRegion id="49EC0BD37941245FFE7BC5D3AFBCFF56" box="[444,509,151,176]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">Goiás</collectingRegion>
state, 
<collectingCountry id="F33F85A17941245FFD80C5D3ACCFFF56" box="[583,654,151,176]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFD21A197941245FFD5DC5DCAD24FF56" box="[666,869,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" value="2015-12-02">
<date id="FF96E3F17941245FFD5DC5DCAD24FF56" box="[666,869,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" value="2015-12-02">2 December 2015</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77941245FFC6DC5DCAA70FF56" box="[938,1073,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">F Bondezan</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B95C19237941245FFBFEC5DDAA28FF56" box="[1081,1129,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">et al</emphasis>
, deposited at 
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(ISLA), 
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em Biologia Subterrânea, Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Lavras (
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Lavras, 
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state, 
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, coords 23L 584907 mE 8261256 mS, municipality of 
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, 
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state, 
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, 
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<date id="FF96E3F17941245FFB48C440AB08FEFB" box="[1167,1353,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" value="2015-01-21">21 January 2015</date>
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, coll. 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77941245FFA4CC441AEAFFEA6" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">L Rabello</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B95C19237941245FFF32C46DAF67FEA6" box="[245,294,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">et al</emphasis>
, deposited at 
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(
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)
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, 
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Universidade Federal de 
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, 
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Belo Horizonte, 
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state, 
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. 
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collected in 
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, coords 23L 584907 mE 8261256 mS, municipality of Ibiracatú, 
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state, 
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, 
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<date id="FF96E3F17941245FFBD5C434AA8FFE6E" box="[1042,1230,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" value="2015-01-21">21 January 2015</date>
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, coll. 
<collectorName id="26DDA0E77941245FFAD5C434ABC0FE6E" box="[1298,1409,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">L Rabello</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B95C19237941245FFA4FC435AEECFE4A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">et al</emphasis>
, deposited at Mite Reference Collection, Departamento de Entomologi e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “ 
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” (
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Universidade de 
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, 
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Piracicaba, 
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state, 
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5795B97941245FFF50C2FAAFB5F814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037006/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" targetBox="[285,1310,507,1965]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B97C5317941245FFF50C2FAAFB5F814" blockId="7.[151,1436,1982,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="B95C19237941245FFF50C2FAAF59F832" bold="true" box="[151,280,1982,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27941245FFEE4C2FAAC0CF832" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[291,589,1982,2004]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C19237941245FFEE4C2FAAC0CF832" box="[291,589,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95C19237941245FFD9FC2FAACF5F832" bold="true" box="[600,692,1982,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA4587941245FFD9FC2FAACF1F832" box="[600,688,1982,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
adult (A–D). Mites associated with 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB27941245FFB85C2FAAAF0F832" box="[1090,1201,1982,2004]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C19237941245FFB85C2FAAAF0F832" box="[1090,1201,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="466">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. webs in caves of Varzelândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5795B9794E2450FF50C22CAF72F83C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037008/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1874]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B97C531794E2450FF50C22CAF72F83C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1896,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794E2450FF50C22CAF54F898" bold="true" box="[151,277,1896,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794E2450FED9C22CAC04F898" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[286,581,1896,1918]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794E2450FED9C22CAC04F898" box="[286,581,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95C1923794E2450FD89C22CACE9F898" bold="true" box="[590,680,1896,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794E2450FD89C22CACE2F898" box="[590,675,1896,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
adult. Mites associated with webs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794E2450FBF1C22CABDDF898" authority=", Lapa Dagua" authorityName="Lapa Dagua" box="[1078,1436,1896,1918]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794E2450FBF1C22CAB4EF898" box="[1078,1295,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">Loxosceles variegata</emphasis>
, Lapa Dágua
</taxonomicName>
cave, in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A: Mites found dispersed throughout the web; B, C and D: 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794E2450FADCC2C2AF75F85D" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794E2450FADCC2C2AF75F85D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794E2450FEF9C2E1AFD0F85D" box="[318,401,1957,1979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794E2450FEF9C2E1AFD0F85D" bold="true" box="[318,401,1957,1979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
feeding on 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794E2450FDD3C2E2AC23F85D" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[532,610,1958,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hypena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794E2450FDD3C2E2AC23F85D" box="[532,610,1958,1979]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="467">Hypena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. beside a spider after the capture of its prey, Cazanga Cave (Arcos, Minas Gerais, Brazil).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33296BA794F2451FF00C5D3AD9CF9EE" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B97C531794F2451FF00C5D3AAC3FF33" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FF00C5D3AF0FFF56" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FE0EC5DCAC36FF56" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[457,631,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FE0EC5DCAC36FF56" box="[457,631,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Latin “ 
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FCF5C5DCADE4FF56" box="[818,933,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">cassiculus</emphasis>
”, meaning spider web and “ 
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FB25C5DCAB69FF56" box="[1250,1320,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">phylla</emphasis>
” meaning friend. The name refers to the association of postlarval instars with spiderwebs as habitat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794F2451FF00C59BAD5DFCDE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FF00C59BAF8FFF1E" bold="true" box="[199,462,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Morphology remarks.</emphasis>
Generic affiliation of the species remains difficult because of the mostly poor state of taxonomy in postlarval 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FE63C440AC29FEFB" box="[420,616,260,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Callidosomatinae">Callidosomatinae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FD66C440AD7FFEFB" box="[673,830,260,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Abrolophinae">Abrolophinae</taxonomicName>
, with only few descriptions fitting modern standards. Affiliation of the species according to characters listed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FCF0C463AD89FEA6" author="Witte" box="[823,968,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Witte, H. (1995) Evolution and phylogenetic system of the Erythraeoidea (Prostigmata, Parasitengonae). In: Kropczynska, D., Boczek, J. &amp; Tomcyk, A. (Eds.), The Acari: Physiological and Ecological Aspects of Acari-Host Relationships. Oficyna Dabor, Warzawa, pp. 117 - 148." type="book chapter" year="1995">Witte (1995)</bibRefCitation>
in his system of Erythraeoidea based on phylogenetic analysis remains difficult because of most characters listed (ultrastructural, behavioural, larval) have not been observable in our specimens. Applying the process of elimination our species clearly belongs to the Erythraeoidea because of the particular design of chelicerae (elongate styliforme, digitus mobilis absent). The missing retractability of the gnathosoma excludes 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FD1FC4F3AD1AFE36" box="[728,859,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Smarididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Smarididae</taxonomicName>
. Of the seven subfamilies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FB69C4F3AB01FE36" box="[1198,1344,439,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erythraeidae</taxonomicName>
, several are defined by autapomorphies and are easily excluded: Balustiinae (with urnulae); Phanolphinae (with uniquely modified body setae); and Myrmicotrombiinae (eyes placed in front of crista). The Erythaeinae are also excluded as these have two pairs of eyes; 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FDC4C760AC24FDDB" box="[515,613,548,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptinae">Leptinae</taxonomicName>
are excluded because of the posterior position of the eyes and the colour and shape of the dorsal setae in the new species. The 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FD20C703ADC0FD86" box="[743,897,583,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Abrolophinae">Abrolophinae</taxonomicName>
are closest, but the 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FB9BC703AB61FD86" box="[1116,1312,583,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Callidosomatinae">Callidosomatinae</taxonomicName>
have all of the setae on the palp femur of subequal length (at least one seta on the palp femur at least twice as long as other setae in 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FF32C7CBAFD5FD4E" box="[245,404,655,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Abrolophinae">Abrolophinae</taxonomicName>
), the form of the genital sclerites (conspicuous epivalves, centrovalves with lateral flaps in 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FF50C7F0AF72FD2B" box="[151,307,692,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Abrolophinae">Abrolophinae</taxonomicName>
) and small lateral extension of the scutum (distinct extension of the scutum lateral of crista metopica in 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FF73C793AF12FD16" box="[180,339,727,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Abrolophinae">Abrolophinae</taxonomicName>
). Therefore we have placed our new species in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FC53C793AA19FD16" box="[916,1112,727,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Callidosomatinae">Callidosomatinae</taxonomicName>
because the new species fits the definition of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FE90C7B8AC63FCF3" author="Southcott" box="[343,546,764,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Southcott, R. V. (1961 a) Studies on the systematics and biology of the Erythraeoidea (Acarina), with a critical revision of the genera and subfamilies. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 367 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9610367" type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="a">Southcott (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
with regard to postlarval instars (i.e. crista metopica present, one pair of eyes situated posterior to the middle of crista, lack of urnulae).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794F2451FF00C600AD3EFAB2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
Within the 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FE80C600AC4FFCBB" box="[327,526,836,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Callidosomatinae">Callidosomatinae</taxonomicName>
, the cylindrical form of the palp tarsus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FC1BC600AAD8FCBB" author="Southcott" box="[988,1177,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Southcott, R. V. (1961 b) Notes on the genus Caeculisoma (Acarina: Erythraeidae) with comments on the biology of the Erythraeoidea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 84, 163 - 178." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="b">Southcott 1961b</bibRefCitation>
) excludes 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FAD3C600ABDDFCBA" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1910" box="[1300,1436,836,860]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Charletonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FAD3C600ABDDFCBA" box="[1300,1436,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Charletonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the absence of a greatly enlarged telofemur and genu of leg IV (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FC7AC62CAA09FC66" author="Beron" box="[957,1096,872,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Beron, P. (2000) Studies on Erythraeoidea (Acari: Prostigmata) from Africa. 1. The genera Cecidopus amd Caeculisoma from Nigeria (Erythraeidae: Callidosomatinae). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 72, 65 - 72." type="journal article" year="2000">Beron 2000</bibRefCitation>
) does not fit 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FB2EC62CAB1EFC66" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[1257,1375,872,896]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Cecidopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FB2EC62CAB1EFC66" box="[1257,1375,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Cecidopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The absence of distinctly different postdorsal body setae excludes 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FCAEC6C8AAEDFC43" authority="(Khot 1965)" authorityName="Khot" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Khot" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[873,1196,908,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Neoabrolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FCAEC6C8AA54FC42" box="[873,1045,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Neoabrolophus</emphasis>
(Khot 1965)
</taxonomicName>
and the form of the dorsal body setae and the absence of different 
<typeStatus id="54937B93794F2451FD59C6F4AC98FC2E" box="[670,729,944,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">types</typeStatus>
of normal leg setae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FC02C6F4AA0FFC2E" author="Beron" box="[965,1102,944,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Beron, P. (2000) Studies on Erythraeoidea (Acari: Prostigmata) from Africa. 1. The genera Cecidopus amd Caeculisoma from Nigeria (Erythraeidae: Callidosomatinae). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 72, 65 - 72." type="journal article" year="2000">Beron 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FB9EC6EBAB53FC2E" author="Southcott" box="[1113,1298,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Southcott, R. V. (1961 a) Studies on the systematics and biology of the Erythraeoidea (Acarina), with a critical revision of the genera and subfamilies. Australian Journal of Zoology, 9, 367 - 610. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9610367" type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="a">Southcott 1961a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FAD0C6EBAB67FC2E" author="Southcott" box="[1303,1318,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Southcott, R. V. (1961 b) Notes on the genus Caeculisoma (Acarina: Erythraeidae) with comments on the biology of the Erythraeoidea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 84, 163 - 178." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
) do not fit 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FF50C690AF68FC0A" baseAuthorityName="Southcott" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[151,297,980,1004]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Caeculisoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FF50C690AF68FC0A" box="[151,297,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Caeculisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The presence of tubercles on tibiae I–IV were described for some other postlarval 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FB12C690AB25FC0A" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[1237,1380,980,1004]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FB12C690AB25FC0A" box="[1237,1380,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Callidosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and was even used as causal reasoning for the Callidosomatini including 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FC79C6BCAA0CFBF6" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[958,1101,1016,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FC79C6BCAA0CFBF6" box="[958,1101,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Callidosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FB4CC6BCAEA8FBD3" authority="(Southcott 1961 b)" authorityName="Southcott" authorityYear="1961" baseAuthorityName="Southcott" baseAuthorityYear="1961" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Caeculisoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FB4CC6BCAB5CFBF6" box="[1163,1309,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Caeculisoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FAE9C6B3AEA0FBD3" author="Southcott" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Southcott, R. V. (1961 b) Notes on the genus Caeculisoma (Acarina: Erythraeidae) with comments on the biology of the Erythraeoidea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 84, 163 - 178." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="b">Southcott 1961b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. However, later descriptions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FDF0C158AD4EFBD2" author="Sharma" box="[567,783,1052,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Sharma, G. D., Farrier, M. H. &amp; Drooz, A. T. (1983) Food, life-history, and sexual differences of Callidosoma metzi Sharma, Drooz, and Treat (Acarina: Erythraeidae). International Journal of Acarology, 9, 149 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647958308683327" type="journal article" year="1983">
Sharma 
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FD52C159AC87FBD2" box="[661,710,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">et al</emphasis>
. 1983
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FCDDC159ADD4FBD3" author="Treat" box="[794,917,1052,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Treat, A. E. (1985) Larval Callidosoma (Acari: Erythraeidae): new records and a new rearing from the Americas. International Journal of Acarology, 11, 93 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647958508683401" type="journal article" year="1985">Treat 1985</bibRefCitation>
) showed that tubercles may be absent in other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FED3C104AFE2FBBE" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[276,419,1088,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FED3C104AFE2FBBE" box="[276,419,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Callidosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In a comment, Southcott (1996) accepted the missing support for Callidosomatini and expected a better resolution of relationships within 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FD12C120ADD8FB9B" box="[725,921,1124,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Callidosomatinae">Callidosomatinae</taxonomicName>
from future correlation of genera only known from the larval stage with their postlarval instars. We tentatively assign the new species to 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FB67C1CCAB6EFB46" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[1184,1327,1160,1184]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FB67C1CCAB6EFB46" box="[1184,1327,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Callidosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the general appearance and the special form of dorsal setae, which have are similar to for 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FB59C1E8AE93FB0E" authority="Sharma et al. 1983" authorityName="Sharma et al." authorityYear="1983" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metzi">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FB59C1E8AABAFB22" box="[1182,1275,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">C. metzi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FAC3C1E8AE93FB0E" author="Sharma" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Sharma, G. D., Farrier, M. H. &amp; Drooz, A. T. (1983) Food, life-history, and sexual differences of Callidosoma metzi Sharma, Drooz, and Treat (Acarina: Erythraeidae). International Journal of Acarology, 9, 149 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647958308683327" type="journal article" year="1983">
Sharma 
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FAA5C1E9ABD4FB22" box="[1378,1429,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">et al</emphasis>
. 1983
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FF27C194AC66FB0E" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[224,551,1232,1256]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FF27C194AC66FB0E" box="[224,551,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794F2451FDF6C18BACCCFB0E" box="[561,653,1231,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FDF6C18BACCCFB0E" bold="true" box="[561,653,1231,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from the other five species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FB8DC194AA98FB0E" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[1098,1241,1232,1256]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FB8DC194AA98FB0E" box="[1098,1241,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Callidosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from the postlarval instar (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FEA9C1B0ACFEFAEA" author="Makol" box="[366,703,1268,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Makol, J. &amp; Wohltmann, A. (2012) An annotated checklist of terrestrial Parasitengona (Actinotrichida: Prostigmata) of the World, excluding Trombiculidae and Walchiidae. Annales Zoologici, 62, 359 - 562. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345412 X 656671" type="journal article" year="2012">Mąkol &amp; Wohltmann 2012</bibRefCitation>
) by the absence of tubercles on tibia I–IV (
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FAC3C1B0AF28FAD6" authority="(Womersley, 1934)" authorityName="Womersley" authorityYear="1934" baseAuthorityName="Womersley" baseAuthorityYear="1934" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ripicolum">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FAC3C1B0ABDDFAEA" box="[1284,1436,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">C. ripicolum</emphasis>
(Womersley,1934)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FEB2C05CACBAFAD6" authority="(Womersley, 1934)" authorityName="Womersley" authorityYear="1934" baseAuthorityName="Womersley" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[373,763,1303,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dasypodiae">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FEB2C05CAC56FAD6" box="[373,535,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">C. dasypodiae</emphasis>
(Womersley, 1934)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FCCEC05CAA21FAD6" authority="Southcott, 1946" authorityName="Southcott" authorityYear="1946" box="[777,1120,1303,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="womersleyi">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FCCEC05CADEDFAD6" box="[777,940,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">C. womersleyi</emphasis>
Southcott,1946
</taxonomicName>
) and by the smaller size of the palp tarsus and chelicera (
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FE23C078AC01FAB2" box="[484,576,1340,1364]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metzi">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FE23C078AC01FAB2" box="[484,576,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">C. metzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FD89C078AD32FAB2" authority="Southcott, 1972" authorityName="Southcott" authorityYear="1972" box="[590,883,1340,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apollo">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FD89C078ACF6FAB2" box="[590,695,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">C. apollo</emphasis>
Southcott, 1972
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794F2451FF00C025AD9CF9EE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794F2451FF00C025AF15FA9E" author="Treat" box="[199,340,1375,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" refString="Treat, A. E. (1985) Larval Callidosoma (Acari: Erythraeidae): new records and a new rearing from the Americas. International Journal of Acarology, 11, 93 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647958508683401" type="journal article" year="1985">Treat (1985)</bibRefCitation>
already commented on the problem that the causal reasoning for 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FB86C024AA91FA9E" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[1089,1232,1376,1400]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FB86C024AA91FA9E" box="[1089,1232,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Callidosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not convincing and needs revision. As stated by Southcott (1996) we expect some progress in understanding 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FACAC0C0ABDDFA7A" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[1293,1436,1412,1436]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FACAC0C0ABDDFA7A" box="[1293,1436,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Callidosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
relationships from the correlation of postlarval to larval instars, although some closely related genera are still proposed based on larvae solely (e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FD87C089AA7CFA03" authority="Fain &amp; Santiago-Blay, 1993" authorityName="Fain &amp; Santiago-Blay" authorityYear="1993" box="[576,1085,1484,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Histiostomatidae" genus="Neomomorangia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FD87C089ACBDFA02" box="[576,764,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Neomomorangia</emphasis>
Fain &amp; Santiago-Blay,1993
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FB8FC088AF63F9EE" authority="Iravanlou, Kamali &amp; Talebi, 2002" authorityName="Iravanlou, Kamali &amp; Talebi" authorityYear="2002" class="Sordariomycetes" genus="Iraniella" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FB8FC088AAEBFA02" box="[1096,1194,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Iraniella</emphasis>
Iravanlou, Kamali &amp; Talebi, 2002
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FEF4C0B4AC1CF9EE" authority="Haitlinger, 2004" authorityName="Haitlinger" authorityYear="2004" box="[307,605,1519,1544]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Iguatonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FEF4C0B4AFE1F9E1" box="[307,416,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Iguatonia</emphasis>
Haitlinger, 2004
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FDAAC0B4AD93F9EE" authority="Haitlinger, 2009" authorityName="Haitlinger" authorityYear="2009" box="[621,978,1519,1544]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Nagoricanella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FDAAC0B4AD4EF9EE" box="[621,783,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Nagoricanella</emphasis>
Haitlinger, 2009
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33296BA794F2454FF00C350AADAFF39" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B97C531794F2451FF00C350AB3CF9B6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FF00C350AFDAF9CB" bold="true" box="[199,411,1556,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Biology remarks.</emphasis>
This research describes for the first time the symbiotic and (apparently) permanent relationship between adults of a species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FDBFC373AD4BF9B6" box="[632,778,1591,1616]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erythraeidae</taxonomicName>
, and spiders of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FBECC37CAB71F9B6" authority="in Brazilian" authorityName="in Brazilian" box="[1067,1328,1591,1616]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FBECC37CAAE7F9B6" box="[1067,1190,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Loxosceles</emphasis>
in Brazilian
</taxonomicName>
caves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794F2451FF00C318AF4FF8AA" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
The first observations on their behavior were made in 2007 during fieldwork in the Lapa Nova cave (17°58'59.82&quot;S 46°53'27.06&quot;W), located in Vazante municipality, in the northwestern region of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. At that time, the unusual association between spiders and mites was observed near the entrance of the cave. Hypotheses were made and experiments were undertaken only after recurrent observations of the same pattern were made in other caves in several other municipalities of Minas Gerais state (Confins, Cordisburgo, Lagoa Santa, Pains, Arcos, Lassance, Matozinhos, Paracatu and Varzelândia), aiming to better understand the observed behavior (
<figureCitation id="1313D9B4794F2451FF59C270AF41F8AA" box="[158,256,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1874]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Callidosoma cassiculophylla sp. nov., adult. Mites associated with webs of Loxosceles variegata, Lapa Dágua cave, in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A: Mites found dispersed throughout the web; B, C and D: Callidosoma cassiculophylla sp. nov. feeding on Hypena sp. beside a spider after the capture of its prey, Cazanga Cave (Arcos, Minas Gerais, Brazil)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1037008/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Figure 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794F2451FF00C21CAAFFF83B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">
An only casual association of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FDF0C21CAD4DF896" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[567,780,1880,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FDF0C21CAD4DF896" box="[567,780,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">C. cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794F2451FCDDC213AD38F896" box="[794,889,1879,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FCDDC213AD38F896" bold="true" box="[794,889,1879,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
with spiders of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FB02C21CAB01F896" box="[1221,1344,1880,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FB02C21CAB01F896" box="[1221,1344,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be discarded, since the adult mites were only found in spider webs and not on other substrates inside the caves. However, the benefits gained by the mite were still unclear. Based on our field observations, we hypothesized that mites benefit from the association with 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794F2451FD95C280AC83F83A" box="[594,706,1988,2012]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxoceles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794F2451FD95C280AC83F83A" box="[594,706,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="468">Loxoceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by eating the prey caught in the web spiders.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794C2452FF00C5DCAEACFDDB" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
To better understand the symbiosis, in 2010, behavioral experiments were performed in four caves located in Vazante municipality, to test the relationship between mites and spiders. To conduct the experiment, we captured specimens of the cave moth 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794C2452FE37C5A5AC06FF1E" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[496,583,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hypena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794C2452FE37C5A5AC06FF1E" box="[496,583,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Hypena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Schrank, 1802 (
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794C2452FCFBC59BAD8BFF1E" authorityName="" authorityYear="1758" box="[828,970,223,248]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794C2452FC1EC59BAA10FF1E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[985,1105,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
), that are potential prey for 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794C2452FF50C440AF53FEFA" box="[151,274,260,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794C2452FF50C440AF53FEFA" box="[151,274,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They were placed alive in the spider webs, allowing us to observe the mites’ behavior (a total of 24 webs in 4 different caves). The spiders quickly attacked and killed the moths as soon as they were placed in the web. However, mite movement towards the prey did not occur immediately after the adhesion of the prey to the web. After the prey was placed in the web, mites took between 5 to 40 minutes to reach them. Despite arriving later, mites and spiders consumed the prey simultaneously. Interestingly, spiders showed no aggressive behavior or expulsion of the mites (Figures 9, 10). In addition, the mites were never observed eating invertebrate carcasses, including those in an advanced state of decomposition. Erythraeid mites were observed eating freshly killed individuals only. The usual diet of erythraeid mites is small invertebrates and their eggs (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794C2452FB59C4BBAB62FDFE" author="Clark" box="[1182,1315,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refString="Clark, J. M. (2004) Observations on deutonymphs of Taranakia lambi Southcott 1988 (Acari: Erythraeidae) eating the eggs of Epyaxa rosearia (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The Weta, 28, 19 - 23." type="journal article" year="2004">Clark 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794C2452FAF6C4BBAEA0FDDB" author="Southcott" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" refString="Southcott, R. V. (1961 b) Notes on the genus Caeculisoma (Acarina: Erythraeidae) with comments on the biology of the Erythraeoidea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 84, 163 - 178." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="b">Southcott 1961b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5795B9794C2452FF50C72CADA8FD99" box="[151,1001,615,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<paragraph id="8B97C531794C2452FF50C72CADA8FD99" blockId="10.[151,1001,615,639]" box="[151,1001,615,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794C2452FF50C72CAF48FD99" bold="true" box="[151,265,616,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794C2452FE4CC723AC81FD99" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[395,704,615,639]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794C2452FE4CC723AC81FD99" box="[395,704,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794C2452FD00C72CAD5DFD99" box="[711,796,616,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794C2452FD00C72CAD5DFD99" bold="true" box="[711,796,616,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in Brazilian caves.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794C2452FF58C7DEAB51F8D0" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<table id="F9283791794CDBA7FF58C7DEAB51F8D0" box="[159,1296,666,1846]" gridcols="3" gridrows="29" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C7DEAB51FD56" box="[159,1296,666,688]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C7DEAF67FD56" box="[159,294,666,688]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">State</th>
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C7DEAD68FD56" box="[389,809,666,688]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Municipality/Cave</th>
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C7DEAB51FD56" box="[994,1296,666,688]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Geographic coordinates</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C780AB51FD3C" box="[159,1296,708,730]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C780AF67FD3C" box="[159,294,708,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Bahia</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C780AD68FD3C" box="[389,809,708,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Iuiu, Lapa do Honorato cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C780AB51FD3C" box="[994,1296,708,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23L 652031mE 8400651 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C7A9AB51FCE5" box="[159,1296,749,771]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C7A9AF67FCE5" box="[159,294,749,771]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Bahia</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C7A9AD68FCE5" box="[389,809,749,771]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Iuiu, Lapa do Honorato cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C7A9AB51FCE5" box="[994,1296,749,771]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23L 651726 mE 8400447 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C652AB51FCCA" box="[159,1296,790,812]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C652AF67FCCA" box="[159,294,790,812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Goiás</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C652AD68FCCA" box="[389,809,790,812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Formosa; Cavidade 43 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C652AB51FCCA" box="[994,1296,790,812]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23L 264979 mE8299827 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C604AB51FCB0" box="[159,1296,832,854]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C604AF67FCB0" box="[159,294,832,854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Goiás</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C604AD68FCB0" box="[389,809,832,854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Formosa; Cavidade 16 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C604AB51FCB0" box="[994,1296,832,854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23L 264943mE8299841 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C62DAB51FC99" box="[159,1296,873,895]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C62DAF67FC99" box="[159,294,873,895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Goiás</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C62DAD68FC99" box="[389,809,873,895]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Formosa; Cavidade 17 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C62DAB51FC99" box="[994,1296,873,895]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23L 264948 mE 8299835 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C6D6AB51FC4E" box="[159,1296,914,936]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C6D6AF67FC4E" box="[159,294,914,936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C6D6AD68FC4E" box="[389,809,914,936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Arcos; Casanga cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C6D6AB51FC4E" box="[994,1296,914,936]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 437689 mE 7756809 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C6F8AB51FC34" box="[159,1296,956,978]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C6F8AF67FC34" box="[159,294,956,978]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C6F8AD68FC34" box="[389,809,956,978]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Arcos; Branca cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C6F8AB51FC34" box="[994,1296,956,978]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 437715 mE 7756847 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C6A1AB51FC1D" box="[159,1296,997,1019]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C6A1AF67FC1D" box="[159,294,997,1019]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C6A1AD68FC1D" box="[389,809,997,1019]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Arcos; unnamed cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C6A1AB51FC1D" box="[994,1296,997,1019]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 436153 mE 7755979 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C14AAB51FBC2" box="[159,1296,1038,1060]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C14AAF67FBC2" box="[159,294,1038,1060]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C14AAD68FBC2" box="[389,809,1038,1060]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Buenópolis, Lapa do Coronel cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C14AAB51FBC2" box="[994,1296,1038,1060]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 592197 mE 8022445 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C17CAB51FBA8" box="[159,1296,1080,1102]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C17CAF67FBA8" box="[159,294,1080,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerais</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C17CAD68FBA8" box="[389,809,1080,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Ibiracatú, Gruta São José</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C17CAB51FBA8" box="[994,1296,1080,1102]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23L 584907 mE 8261256 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C125AB51FB91" box="[159,1296,1121,1143]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C125AF67FB91" box="[159,294,1121,1143]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerais</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C125AD68FB91" box="[389,809,1121,1143]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Lassance, Lapa d’agua cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C125AB51FB91" box="[994,1296,1121,1143]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 541083 mE 8018711 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C1CEAB51FB46" box="[159,1296,1162,1184]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C1CEAF67FB46" box="[159,294,1162,1184]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerais</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C1CEAD68FB46" box="[389,809,1162,1184]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Montes Claros, Cavidade OCML 07 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C1CEAB51FB46" box="[994,1296,1162,1184]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 618051 mE 8158785 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C1F0AB51FB2C" box="[159,1296,1204,1226]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C1F0AF67FB2C" box="[159,294,1204,1226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C1F0AD68FB2C" box="[389,809,1204,1226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Montes Claros, Cavidade 19 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C1F0AB51FB2C" box="[994,1296,1204,1226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 618030 mE 8158505 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C199AB51FB15" box="[159,1296,1245,1267]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C199AF67FB15" box="[159,294,1245,1267]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerais</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C199AD68FB15" box="[389,809,1245,1267]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Pains, AGR 72 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C199AB51FB15" box="[994,1296,1245,1267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 437878 mE 7754839mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C042AB51FAFA" box="[159,1296,1286,1308]" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C042AF67FAFA" box="[159,294,1286,1308]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerais</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C042AD68FAFA" box="[389,809,1286,1308]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Pains, MIC 55 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C042AB51FAFA" box="[994,1296,1286,1308]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 435194 mE7740750 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C074AB51FAA0" box="[159,1296,1328,1350]" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C074AF67FAA0" box="[159,294,1328,1350]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerais</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C074AD68FAA0" box="[389,809,1328,1350]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Pains, MIC 60 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C074AB51FAA0" box="[994,1296,1328,1350]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 434941 mE7740905 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C01DAB51FA89" box="[159,1296,1369,1391]" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C01DAF67FA89" box="[159,294,1369,1391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C01DAD68FA89" box="[389,809,1369,1391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Pedro Leopoldo; Lapa Vermelha I cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C01DAB51FA89" box="[994,1296,1369,1391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 605231 mE 7830927 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C0C6AB51FA7E" box="[159,1296,1410,1432]" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C0C6AF67FA7E" box="[159,294,1410,1432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C0C6AD68FA7E" box="[389,809,1410,1432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Pedro Leopoldo; Lapa Vermelha VI cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C0C6AB51FA7E" box="[994,1296,1410,1432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 605379 mE 7830802 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C0E8AB51FA24" box="[159,1296,1452,1474]" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C0E8AF67FA24" box="[159,294,1452,1474]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C0E8AD68FA24" box="[389,809,1452,1474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Pedro Leopoldo; Campinho 08 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C0E8AB51FA24" box="[994,1296,1452,1474]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 604087 mE 7836338 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C091AB51FA0D" box="[159,1296,1493,1515]" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C091AF67FA0D" box="[159,294,1493,1515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C091AD68FA0D" box="[389,809,1493,1515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Pedro Leopoldo; Campinho 11 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C091AB51FA0D" box="[994,1296,1493,1515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 604124 mE 7836099 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C0BAAB51F9F2" box="[159,1296,1534,1556]" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C0BAAF67F9F2" box="[159,294,1534,1556]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C0BAAD68F9F2" box="[389,809,1534,1556]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Pedro Leopoldo; Campinho 28 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C0BAAB51F9F2" box="[994,1296,1534,1556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 604124 mE 7836099 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C36CAB51F9D8" box="[159,1296,1576,1598]" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C36CAF67F9D8" box="[159,294,1576,1598]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C36CAD68F9D8" box="[389,809,1576,1598]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Pedro Leopoldo; Campinho 53 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C36CAB51F9D8" box="[994,1296,1576,1598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 603464 mE 7835783 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C315AB51F981" box="[159,1296,1617,1639]" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C315AF67F981" box="[159,294,1617,1639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C315AD68F981" box="[389,809,1617,1639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Pedro Leopoldo; Campinho 55 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C315AB51F981" box="[994,1296,1617,1639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 603818 mE 7835759 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C33EAB51F976" box="[159,1296,1658,1680]" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C33EAF67F976" box="[159,294,1658,1680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C33EAD68F976" box="[389,809,1658,1680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Pedro Leopoldo; Campinho 53 cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C33EAB51F976" box="[994,1296,1658,1680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 603840 mE 7835842 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C3E0AB51F95C" box="[159,1296,1700,1722]" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C3E0AF67F95C" box="[159,294,1700,1722]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C3E0AD68F95C" box="[389,809,1700,1722]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Prudente de Morais; Escrivânia I cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C3E0AB51F95C" box="[994,1296,1700,1722]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 594431 mE 7849337 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C389AB51F905" box="[159,1296,1741,1763]" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C389AF67F905" box="[159,294,1741,1763]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C389AD68F905" box="[389,809,1741,1763]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Sete Lagoas; unnamed cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C389AB51F905" box="[994,1296,1741,1763]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 574217 mE 7848947 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C3B2AB51F8EA" box="[159,1296,1782,1804]" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C3B2AF67F8EA" box="[159,294,1782,1804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C3B2AD68F8EA" box="[389,809,1782,1804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Sete Lagoas; unnamed cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C3B2AB51F8EA" box="[994,1296,1782,1804]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 581828 mE 7844164 mS</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3518C773794CDBA7FF58C264AB51F8D0" box="[159,1296,1824,1846]" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
<th id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FF58C264AF67F8D0" box="[159,294,1824,1846]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Minas Gerias</th>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FE42C264AD68F8D0" box="[389,809,1824,1846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">Vazante; unnamed cave</td>
<td id="76C9AE0F794CDBA7FC25C264AB51F8D0" box="[994,1296,1824,1846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">23K 308238 mE 8017660 mS</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794C2453FF00C233AA61FF32" blockId="10.[151,1437,1910,2007]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,392]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="10" pageNumber="469">
Prey detection by the mites may have occurred by chance since mites are constantly moving in the webs. Web vibration at the moment of prey capture could be used as an alternative alert, guiding the mites towards the prey. However, this experiment did not confirm unequivocally whether mites used web vibration to locate food sources in the web. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794D2453FE86C5DCAFFDFF56" box="[321,444,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794D2453FE86C5DCAFFDFF56" box="[321,444,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
webs where no prey was recently captured, individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794D2453FBA2C5DCAB76FF56" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[1125,1335,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794D2453FBA2C5DCAB76FF56" box="[1125,1335,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">C. cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794D2453FA87C5D3ABDDFF56" box="[1344,1436,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794D2453FA87C5D3ABDDFF56" bold="true" box="[1344,1436,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
were evenly dispersed without any visible perceived aggregation (Figures 9, 10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FF00C59BACF0FE6E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">
Spider webs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794D2453FEBFC5A4AFB2FF1E" box="[376,499,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794D2453FEBFC5A4AFB2FF1E" box="[376,499,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are usually positioned near the substrate, generally on the ground or on walls. The webs cover the entire surface; the filaments are disposed irregularly, forming a shapeless mesh over the substrate. Besides, in some cases, the webs of different 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794D2453FD5AC46CAD59FEA6" box="[669,792,296,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794D2453FD5AC46CAD59FEA6" box="[669,792,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens are interconnected with no visible distinction between them. The direct contact between the web and the substrate provides conditions in which the mites move on the web and the substrate (Figures 9 and 10).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5795B9794D2453FF50C4F0AB11FE2D" box="[151,1360,435,459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FF50C4F0AB11FE2D" blockId="11.[151,1360,435,459]" box="[151,1360,435,459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794D2453FF50C4F0AF48FE2D" bold="true" box="[151,265,436,459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Metric data for 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794D2453FE70C4F7ACADFE2D" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[439,748,435,459]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794D2453FE70C4F7ACADFE2D" box="[439,748,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">Callidosoma cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794D2453FD35C4F0AD09FE2D" box="[754,840,436,459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794D2453FD35C4F0AD09FE2D" bold="true" box="[754,840,436,459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Adults (holotype plus range of n=12 specimens)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FC4BC4A2ADBAFDC0" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">Holotype (range min-max) PALP pa tr (L) 37 (34–50)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C77EADBAFDA9" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1019,569,591]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">pa tr (W) 60 (50–62)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C727AA60FD9E" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,610,632]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">pa fe (L) 175 (165–185)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C7C9ADBAFD44" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1019,652,674]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">pa fe (W) 67 (65–79)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C7F2AA60FD2D" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,693,715]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">pa ge (L) 120 (100–121)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C79BADBAFD12" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1019,734,756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">pa ge (W) 42 (35–44)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C64DADBAFCF8" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1019,776,798]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">pa ti (L) 77 (70–86)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C676ADBAFCA1" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1019,817,839]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">pa ti (W) 27 (24–32)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C61EADBAFC96" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1019,858,880]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">odontus (L) 37 (32–40)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C6C1ADBAFC7C" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1019,900,922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">pa ta (L) 47 (45–68)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C6EAADBAFC25" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1019,941,963]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">pa ta (W) 12 (11–16)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FF58C692AA60FC0A" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[159,1057,982,1004]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">LEG I ta I (L) 290 (280–350)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C145ADBAFBF0" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1019,1024,1046]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">ta I (H) 85 (70–90)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C16DAA60FBD9" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1065,1087]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">ti I (L) 410 (360–455)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C117AA60FB8E" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1106,1128]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">ge I (L) 405 (375–470)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C138AA60FB74" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1148,1170]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">tfe I (L) 380 (360–440)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C1E1AA60FB5D" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1189,1211]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">bfe I (L) 357 (290–385)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C18BAA61FB02" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1056,1230,1252]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">tr I (L) 137 (110–165)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C1BDAA60FAD1" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">cx I (L) 175 (160–190) LEG II ta II (L) 187 (180–220)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C00FADBAFA86" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1019,1354,1376]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">ta II (H) 50 (40–60)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C030AA60FA6C" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1396,1418]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">ti II (L) 292 (275–345)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C0DAAA60FA55" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1437,1459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">ge II (L) 287 (255–305)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C082AA60FA3A" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1478,1500]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">tfe II (L) 242 (200–250)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C0B4AA60F9E0" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1520,1542]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">bfe II (L) 185 (140–210)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C35EAA60F9C9" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1561,1583]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">tr II (L) 102 (100–125)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C307AA60F964" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">cx II (L) 200 (200–235) LEG III ta III (L) 187 (180–225)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C3D2ADBAF94D" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1019,1685,1707]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">ta III (H) 50 (45–55)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C3FAAA60F932" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1726,1748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">ti III (L) 350 (285–395)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C3ADAA60F918" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1768,1790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">ge III (L) 300 (265–310)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C255AA60F8C1" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1809,1831]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">tfe III (L) 252 (225–295)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C27EAA60F8B6" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1850,1872]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">bfe III (L) 197 (155–235)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C221AA55F89C" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1044,1892,1914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">tr III (L) 112 (85–120)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2453FE67C2CAAA60F845" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" box="[416,1057,1933,1955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">cx III (L) 190 (190–210)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794D2454FB9CC2FCAADAFF39" blockId="11.[159,1431,486,1997]" lastBlockId="12.[159,1179,160,926]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794D2453FB9CC2FCABD6F82B" box="[1115,1431,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="470">...... continued on the next page</emphasis>
Holotype (range min-max)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5795B9794A2454FF58C5E4AFCCFF50" box="[159,397,160,182]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
<paragraph id="8B97C531794A2454FF58C5E4AFCCFF50" blockId="12.[159,1179,160,926]" box="[159,397,160,182]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FF58C5E4AF4DFF50" bold="true" box="[159,268,160,182]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33296BA794A2455FF58C5B6AC66FE36" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B97C531794A2454FF58C5B6AA60FDCC" blockId="12.[159,1179,160,926]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">LEG IV ta IV (L) 245 (245–275) ta IV (H) 37 (37–70) ti IV (L) 460 (385–480) ge IV (L) 425 (380–450) tfe IV (L) 325 (310–355) bfe IV (L) 240 (200–325) tr IV (L) 130 (110–140) cx IV (L) 325 (300–340)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794A2454FF58C779AA60FC78" blockId="12.[159,1179,160,926]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">SCUTUM CML 500 (430–500) CMW 55 (45–70) SBp-post end of scutum 85 (70–100) pPr (posterior process) 67 (50–90) Asens 75 (75–95) SBa 18 (20–20) Psens 117 (117–131) SBp 20 (20–21) ISD 387 (340–390)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794A2454FF00C69DAFB1FA44" blockId="12.[151,1437,985,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
Mite-spider associations are frequently observed, but such associations often involve direct contact between the mite and the host’s body. Parasitism of spiders occurs in certain 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FC07C6B9AAB6FBF0" authority="(Mesostigmata)" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1892" baseAuthorityName="Mesostigmata" box="[960,1271,1021,1046]" class="Arachnida" family="Laelapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Laelapidae (Mesostigmata)</taxonomicName>
and larvae of Parasitengona (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794A2454FE84C165AFF9FBDC" author="Fain" box="[323,440,1057,1082]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" refString="Fain, A. (1991) Notes on mites parasitic or phoretic on Australian centipedes, spiders and scorpion. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 15, 69 - 82." type="journal article" year="1991">Fain 1991</bibRefCitation>
; Mąkol 
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FDD2C166AC0CFBDF" box="[533,589,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">et al.</emphasis>
2012; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794A2454FD5BC165ADD2FBDC" author="Makol" box="[668,915,1057,1082]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" refString="Makol, J. &amp; Felska, M. (2011) New records of spiders (Araneae) as hosts of terrestrial Parasitengona mites (Acari: Actinotrichida: Prostigmata). Journal of Arachnology, 39, 352 - 354. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / CP 10 - 72.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Mąkol &amp; Felska 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794A2454FC58C166AA2CFBDC" author="Masan" box="[927,1133,1057,1082]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" refString="Masan, P., Simpson, C., Perotti, M. A. &amp; Braig, H. R. (2012) Mites parasitic on Australasian and African spiders found in the pet trade; a redescription of Ljunghia pulleinei Womersley. PLOS ONE, 7, e 39019. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0039019" type="journal article" year="2012">
Masan 
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FC36C166AA6BFBDF" box="[1009,1066,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794A2454FBBFC165ABD5FBDC" author="Welbourn" box="[1144,1428,1057,1082]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" refString="Welbourn, W. C. &amp; Young, O. P. (1988) Mites parasitic on spiders, with a description of a new species of Eutrombidium (Acari, Eutrombidiidae). Journal of Arachnology, 16, 373 - 385." type="journal article" year="1988">Welbourn &amp; Young 1988</bibRefCitation>
) and phoretic associations are also common, as is the case of some 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FC4FC101AAA6FBB8" authority="(Trombidiformes)" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Trombidiformes" box="[904,1255,1093,1118]" class="Arachnida" family="Scutacaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutacaridae (Trombidiformes)</taxonomicName>
associated with Mygalomorphae (
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FEA7C12EAF80FB64" box="[352,449,1130,1154]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794A2454FE10C12DAD5FFB64" author="Ebermann" box="[471,798,1129,1154]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" refString="Ebermann, E. &amp; Goloboff, P. A. (2002) Association between neotropical burrowing spiders (Araneae: Nemesiidae) and mites (Acari: Heterostigmata, Scutacaridae). Acarologia, 42, 173 - 184." type="journal article" year="2002">Ebermann &amp; Goloboff 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Another 
<typeStatus id="54937B93794A2454FC52C12EAD84FB64" box="[917,965,1130,1154]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">type</typeStatus>
of association between mites and spiders occurs indirectly, when some species use the spider webs as habitat. Species of the families 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FB3CC1C9ABD9FB40" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1902" box="[1275,1432,1165,1190]" class="Arachnida" family="Rhodacaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhodacaridae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FF50C1F5AF67FB2C" box="[151,294,1201,1226]" class="Arachnida" family="Phytoseiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phytoseiidae</taxonomicName>
and Aceosejidae have been observed in nests of spiders (
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FC62C1F5AA40FB2F" box="[933,1025,1201,1225]" class="Arachnida" family="Agelenidae" genus="Agelena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FC62C1F5AA40FB2F" box="[933,1025,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Agelena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nr. 
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FBECC1F5AAE1FB2F" box="[1067,1184,1201,1225]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">leucopyffa</emphasis>
Pavesi) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794A2454FAC0C1F6ABD1FB2C" author="Evans" box="[1287,1424,1201,1226]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" refString="Evans, G. O. (1958) Some mesostigmatid mites from a nest of social spiders in Uganda. Annals &amp; Magazine of Natural History, Series 13, 1, 580 - 590. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935808650985" type="journal article" year="1958">Evans 1958</bibRefCitation>
). However, in this case the nests were full of leaves and stems, which could provide a propitious environment for such mites. The observation of mites walking and living in spider webs is reported for 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FBACC1BDAAA7FAF4" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1892" box="[1131,1254,1273,1298]" class="Arachnida" family="Laelapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Laelapidae</taxonomicName>
species, as well as associations within web-lined funnels of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FD54C059AD66FAD0" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[659,807,1309,1334]" class="Arachnida" family="Hexathelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hexathelidae</taxonomicName>
spiders, where mites spend all their life cycle (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794A2454FA97C05AAE92FABC" author="Strong" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" refString="Strong, K. L. (1995) A new species of Hypoaspis (Acarina: Laelapidae) associated with funnel-web spiders (Araneae: Hexathelidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 223, 219 - 223." type="journal article" year="1995">Strong 1995</bibRefCitation>
). In the case of Parasitengona, the only association regarding spider webs was reported for a 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FADAC005ABDDFABC" box="[1309,1436,1345,1370]" class="Arachnida" family="Smarididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Smarididae</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794A2454FF3FC021AF80FA98" author="Wohltmann" box="[248,449,1381,1406]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" refString="Wohltmann, A. (2010) Notes on the taxonomy and biology of Smarididae (Acari: Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Annales Zoologici, 60, 355 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 000345410 X 535361" type="journal article" year="2010">Wohltmann 2010</bibRefCitation>
), but in this case no observation of any interaction between mites and host was made; this association may be casual.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794A2454FF00C0E9AC7CF99C" blockId="12.[151,1437,985,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
Unlike the previously mentioned cases, 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FD5FC0EAAD2BFA23" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[664,874,1453,1477]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FD5FC0EAAD2BFA23" box="[664,874,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">C. cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794A2454FCB3C0E9AD90FA20" box="[884,977,1453,1478]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FCB3C0E9AD90FA20" bold="true" box="[884,977,1453,1478]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a distinct association in relation to other known life styles. Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FDDCC096ACABFA0F" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[539,746,1489,1513]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FDDCC096ACABFA0F" box="[539,746,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">C. cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794A2454FD34C095AD0FFA0C" box="[755,846,1489,1514]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FD34C095AD0FFA0C" bold="true" box="[755,846,1489,1514]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
cannot be considered as scavenger since the prey is freshly killed, the common feeding on the same prey individual by 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FC40C0B2AA14F9EB" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[903,1109,1525,1549]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FC40C0B2AA14F9EB" box="[903,1109,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">C. cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794A2454FB9BC0B1AAF7F9E8" box="[1116,1206,1525,1550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FB9BC0B1AAF7F9E8" bold="true" box="[1116,1206,1525,1550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FB2BC0B1AB26F9EB" box="[1260,1383,1525,1549]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FB2BC0B1AB26F9EB" box="[1260,1383,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. is unique and atypical among arachnids. Moreover, almost all Parasitengona display an exclusively predatory lifestyle of the postlarval active instars, with some 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FD6CC379AD6AF9B3" authorityName="von Heyden" authorityYear="1826" box="[683,811,1597,1621]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Balaustium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FD6CC379AD6AF9B3" box="[683,811,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Balaustium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species feeding on pollen (Grandjean 1946; Childers &amp; Rock 1981) being the only exception.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794A2454FF00C3C1AB76F8C8" blockId="12.[151,1437,985,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
Although larval stages of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FE36C3C1ACC1F978" box="[497,640,1669,1694]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erythraeidae</taxonomicName>
species have been reported by several authors as parasites of spiders and other arachnids (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794A2454FE7DC3EDACF5F924" author="Baker" box="[442,692,1705,1730]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" refString="Baker, A. S. &amp; Selden, P. A. (1997) New morphological and host data for the ectoparasitic larva of Leptus hidakai Kawashima (Acari, Acariformes, Erythraeidae). Systematic Parasitology, 36, 183 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1005757014689" type="journal article" year="1997">Baker &amp; Selden 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794A2454FD05C3EDADC1F924" author="Southcott" box="[706,896,1705,1730]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" refString="Southcott, R. V. (1961 b) Notes on the genus Caeculisoma (Acarina: Erythraeidae) with comments on the biology of the Erythraeoidea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 84, 163 - 178." type="journal article" year="1961" yearSuffix="b">Southcott 1961b</bibRefCitation>
), more than 
<specimenCount id="9D2E0EB8794A2454FBD6C3EEAAF8F924" box="[1041,1209,1705,1730]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" type="generic">100 specimens</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FB25C3EDAB1CF927" box="[1250,1373,1705,1729]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FB25C3EDAB1CF927" box="[1250,1373,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected and observed under the stereomicroscope none of them presented a parasitic species of mite attached to their bodies. The larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FE03C3B6ACD4F8EF" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[452,661,1777,1801]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FE03C3B6ACD4F8EF" box="[452,661,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">C. cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794A2454FD59C3B5ACBBF8EC" box="[670,762,1777,1802]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FD59C3B5ACBBF8EC" bold="true" box="[670,762,1777,1802]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is probably a parasite of other invertebrates present in the caves, and its association with 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FE37C251AC2AF8CB" box="[496,619,1813,1837]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FE37C251AC2AF8CB" box="[496,619,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. may be restricted to the postlarval active instars of the mite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97C531794A2455FF00C27DAC66FE36" blockId="12.[151,1437,985,2018]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="472" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">
Considering the facts obtained through field observations, we believe that the relationship between 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FAE6C27DABDDF8B7" box="[1313,1436,1849,1873]" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FAE6C27DABDDF8B7" box="[1313,1436,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Loxosceles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FF0EC21AAFDBF893" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[201,410,1885,1909]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FF0EC21AAFDBF893" box="[201,410,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">C. cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794A2454FE64C219AFBEF890" box="[419,511,1885,1910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FE64C219AFBEF890" bold="true" box="[419,511,1885,1910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be considered as a case of kleptoparasitism This mite-spider kleptoparasitic association is novel, but kleptoparasites in spider webs are well-known in several other invertebrate groups. Among them are spiders of at least 11 families, which scrounge prey captured by other species, and some of these kleptoparasites can cohabit the webs of their hosts, such as species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FBE6C28DAAD5F807" box="[1057,1172,1993,2017]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Argyrodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794A2454FBE6C28DAAD5F807" box="[1057,1172,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="471">Argyrodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FB64C28DAB6BF804" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" box="[1187,1322,1993,2018]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794A2454FAF2C28EABD5F804" box="[1333,1428,1994,2018]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794B2455FF59C5DCAF59FF56" author="Kerr" box="[158,280,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" refString="Kerr, A. M. (2005) Behavior of web-invading spiders Argyrodes argentatus (Theridiidae) in Argiope appensa (Araneidae) host webs in Guam. Journal of Arachnology, 33, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / S 02 - 29" type="journal article" year="2005">Kerr 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794B2455FEE0C5D3AC12FF56" author="Silveira" box="[295,595,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" refString="Silveira, M. C. &amp; Japyassu, H. F. (2012) Notes on the behavior of the kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes elevatus. Revista de Etologia, 11, 56 - 67." type="journal article" year="2012">Silveira &amp; Japyassú 2012</bibRefCitation>
). In addition to arachnids, this behavior is also found in insects, such as species of the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794B2455FE41C5F8AFB2FF33" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[390,499,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Emesinae">Emesinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794B2455FDC5C5F8ACC9FF33" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[514,648,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Reduviidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794B2455FD55C5F8AD5AFF32" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[658,795,188,212]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heteroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Heteroptera</taxonomicName>
), inhabiting and feeding on prey captured by spider webs (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794B2455FF59C59BAFC3FF1E" author="Resende" box="[158,386,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" refString="Resende, L. P. A., Zepon, T., Bichuette, M. E., Pape, R. B. &amp; Gil-Santana, H. (2016) Associations between Emesinae heteropterans and spiders in limestone caves of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 11, 114 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.4013 / nbc. 2016.113.01" type="journal article" year="2016">
Resende 
<emphasis id="B95C1923794B2455FEC0C5A5AF01FF1E" box="[263,320,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794B2455FE48C59BAC2DFF1E" author="Wygodzinsky" box="[399,620,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" refString="Wygodzinsky, P. W. (1966) A monograph of the Emesinae (Reduviidae, Hemiptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 133, 1 - 614." type="journal article" year="1966">Wygodzinsky 1966</bibRefCitation>
), or among some species of dipterans in 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794B2455FBFEC59BAAA2FF1E" box="[1081,1251,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794B2455FADCC59BABDDFF1E" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1864" box="[1307,1436,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Milichiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Milichiidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794B2455FF59C440AFC3FEFA" author="Sivinski" box="[158,386,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" refString="Sivinski, J., Marshall, S. &amp; Petersson, E. (1999) Kleptoparasitism and phoresy in the Diptera. The Florida Entomologist, 82, 179 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3496570" type="journal article" year="1999">
Sivinski 
<emphasis id="B95C1923794B2455FEC3C441AF7EFEFA" box="[260,319,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9B8C0794B2455FE48C440ACDDFEFA" author="Sivinski" box="[399,668,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" refString="Sivinski, J. &amp; Stowe, M. (1980) A kleptoparasitic cecidomyid and other flies associated with spiders. Psyche, 87, 337 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 1980 / 27685" type="journal article" year="1980">Sivinski &amp; Stowe 1980</bibRefCitation>
). Giraldeau and Caraco (2000) categorized kleptoparasites by three 
<typeStatus id="54937B93794B2455FF50C46CAE93FEA6" box="[151,210,296,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">types</typeStatus>
of behavior: “aggressive”, if it is accomplished with threat or aggression; “stealth”, when the kleptoparasite takes food away while avoiding the host’s perception; and “scramble”, if the food item is simultaneously exploited by the host and one or more kleptoparasites with little or no aggressive behavior. In this respect, 
<taxonomicName id="4C28BEB2794B2455FB0AC434ABDDFE6E" authority="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira, 2017" authorityName="Bernardi &amp; Wohltmann &amp; Ferreira" authorityYear="2017" box="[1229,1436,368,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Erythraeidae" genus="Callidosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiculophylla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794B2455FB0AC434ABDDFE6E" box="[1229,1436,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">C. cassiculophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26FA458794B2455FF50C4D0AEB7FE4B" box="[151,246,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B95C1923794B2455FF50C4D0AEB7FE4B" bold="true" box="[151,246,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="472">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a &quot;scramble&quot; kleptoparasite because it consumes the prey with the host that captured it, without displaying any aggressive behavior.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>